Design and application of multifunctional physical model test device for movement and accumulation process of rapid long-runout landslide
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摘要: 高速远程滑坡运动堆积过程影响因素众多，在物理模型试验装置研发过程中应满足多因素变化需求，从而实现多功能目的。该试验装置初始状态下（垂直角度=20°，水平角度=0°）长3.40 m，宽0.56 m，高1.35 m。设计有滑体体积调节、上滑槽坡度调节和下滑槽水平角度调节三大模块。材料上采用了3 mm厚不锈钢钢板与8 mm厚钢化玻璃2种材料，使用耐久性较好，并且采用分部件组装形式，安装有万向轮，便于实验仪器的搬运。基于砂子与卵石颗粒材料，应用所研发装置，初步开展了高速远程滑坡运动堆积过程物理模型试验，简要分析了滑体坡度、水平角度、滑体高度及基底材质等参数对滑动距离的影响规律。Abstract: There are many factors affecting the movement and accumulation process of rapid long-runout landslide. During the developing the physical model test device, it is necessary to meet the needs of multi-factors, so as to achieve multi-functional purposes. The device is 3.40 m long, 0.56 m wide and 1.35 m high in initial state (vertical angle=20° and horizontal angle=0°). The design includes three modules: volume adjustment of slide body, slope adjustment of upper slide groove and horizontal angle adjustment of horizontal slide groove. Two kinds of materials, 3 mm thick stainless steel plate and 8 mm thick tempered glass, are used as the processing raw materials, leading to good durability. Moreover, the universal wheel is installed in the form of component assembly to facilitate the handling of the experimental instrument. Based on sand and pebble granular materials, the physical model tests with respect to the movement and accumulation process of rapid long-runout landslide are preliminarily carried out by using the developed device. The effects of slope, horizontal angle, height of sliding body and base material on sliding distance are briefly analyzed.
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图 1 滑体体积调节装置
1.挡板把手；2.滑体挡板；3.底轴；4.顶丝；5.垫板
Figure 1. Slide body volume adjustment device
图 2 上滑槽坡度调节装置设计图
1.简易小吊车；2.钩环；3.上滑槽；4.过渡段；5.上滑槽内嵌过渡段；6.扇形底板；7.过渡段底座
Figure 2. Upper chute slope adjustment device design
图 4 下滑槽水平角度调节装置设计图
1.过渡段底座；2.扇形底板；3.过渡段；4.侧面挡板；5.挡柱；6.转动轴栓；7.下滑槽；8.玻璃紧固锁；9.带锁万向轮；10.钢化玻璃
Figure 4. Lower chute horizontal angle adjustment device design
图 5 下滑槽水平角度调节装置实物图
Figure 5. Under the chute horizontal angle adjustment device physical map
图 9 滑体运动堆积三维激光扫描仪扫描图
a.下滑槽水平转动0°；b.下滑槽水平转动30°
Figure 9. Skid accumulation scaning image by three-dimensional laser scanner
图 10 滑堆积主要区域扫描放大图
a.下滑槽水平转动0°；b.下滑槽水平转动30°
Figure 10. Sliding bulk accumulation area scanning magnification
图 11 滑体滑动距离与下滑槽水平转动角度关系曲线
Figure 11. Curve of the sliding distance of the sliding body and the horizontal rotation angle of the sliding groove
表 1 试验装置结构尺寸和性能参数
Table 1. Test equipment structure size and performance parameters
长/m 宽/m 高/m 上滑槽 1.5 0.5 0.3 下滑槽 2.0 0.5 0.4 滑体高度/m 调节范围：0.5~1.3 滑体体积/m3 调节范围0.001~0.200 地
形
条
件滑坡
坡度/(°)调节范围：30~60；
调节间隔：1下滑槽
基底基底材料厚度：8 cm；
基底材料：(粗砂、木板、碎石、黏土等至少3种)；
材料含水率：30%~60%；
材料密实度：密实(1.0~0.67)、中密(0.67~0.33)、松散(0.33~0)。括号内为材料的相对密度下滑槽
障碍物下滑槽单方向调节角度范围：0°~90°；
障碍物高度：≤40 cm
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表 2 试验装置多功能系列试验案例与数据
Table 2. Tet device multi-function series test cases and data
案例 滑体
坡度/
(°)水平
角度/
(°)滑体
高度/
m滑动
距离/
m滑体
材料基底
材料S1 30 0 1 0.33 砂子 钢板 S2 30 0 1 1.19 卵石 砂子 S3 40 0 1.14 1.04 卵石 砂子 S4 50 0 1.28 1.48 卵石 砂子 S5 40 15 1.14 1.48 卵石 砂子 S6 40 30 1.14 0.90 卵石 砂子 S7 40 45 1.14 0.80 卵石 砂子
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