Late Triassic post-collision extension at Elashan magmatic belt, East Kunlun Orogenic Belt: Insights from Suolagou highly fractionated I-type granite
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摘要: 鄂拉山岩浆带位于东昆仑造山带最东端，为研究该地区晚三叠世的构造背景，选取索拉沟地区钾长花岗岩开展研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示，索拉沟钾长花岗岩加权平均年龄为（233±1）Ma，形成于晚三叠世早期。该岩石有很高的w（SiO2）（75.91%~77.23%）、富K2O和Na2O，贫CaO、MgO、TiO2和P2O5，A/CNK介于1.01~1.05，属高钾钙碱性系列，锆石饱和温度733~768℃，具有强烈的Eu负异常（Eu/Eu*=0.09~0.25），明显富集大离子亲石元素（LILE Rb、Th、U、K等）和轻稀土元素（LREE），亏损Ba、Sr及Nb、P、Zr、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE），显示高分异I型花岗岩的特征。锆石Hf同位素初始值（176Hf/177Hf）范围为0.282 487~0.282 611，εHf（t）介于-3.54~-0.56；对应的两阶段模式年龄T2DM（Hf）为1.16~1.33 Ga。索拉沟钾长花岗岩是新生下地壳部分熔融后经过分离结晶作用形成，新生下地壳是幔源岩浆在特提斯洋俯冲阶段（242~238 Ma）底侵古老地壳形成。结合晚古生代至中生代东昆仑地区的构造演化特征，认为索拉沟钾长花岗岩形成于张性构造背景，与古特提斯洋俯冲结束后巴颜喀拉地体与东昆仑地体后碰撞造山伸展作用有关。Abstract: Studying the Elashan magmatic belt located easternmost of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB), we present zircon U-Pb age and Lu-Hf isotopes and whole-rock chemistry of syenogranite, from Suolagou area, in order to discuss its rock type and tectonic setting. The zircon weighted mean ages of the syenogranite is (223±1) Ma, indicating it was formed in the Late Triassic. The syenogranite is characterized by high silic, enrichment of alkaline, but depletion in calcium, magnesium, titanium and phosphorus. The A/CNK values range from 1.01 to 1.05, showing a peralkaline affinity, with strong negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.09-0.25). Zircon saturation temperatures are 733 to 768℃ and the syenogranite. The rock is obviously enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE Rb, Th, U, K, etc.) and light rare earth elements (LREE), and depleted in Ba, Sr and Nb, P, Zr, Ti and other high field strength elements (HFSE), showing characteristics of highly fractionated I-type granites. The initial zircon Hf isotope value (176Hf/177Hf)i ranges from 0.282 487 to 0.282 611, εHf(t) ranges from -3.54 to -0.56, and two-stage mode age T2DM(Hf) is 1.16 to 1.33 Ga. The rock is formed by crystallization after partial melting of the juvenile lower crust, and the juvenile lower crust is formed by the mantle-derived magma underlying the ancient crust during the northward subduction stage of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean(242-238 Ma). Combining with the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the East Kunlun area, we suggest that the syenogranite is formed in the extensional tectonic setting, related to the post-collision extension of the Bayan Kala terrane and the East Kunlun (close of Paleo-Tethys ocean).
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图 1 中央造山系略图(a)，东昆仑造山带(b)及鄂拉山岩浆带中段(c)地质简图和研究区采样位置简图(d)
a据文献[3]修改; b据文献[10, 23]修改; c, d据文献[24]修改；a中QXM为祁漫塔格-香日德蛇绿混杂岩带；AKM为阿其克库勒湖-昆中蛇绿混杂岩带；BAM为布青山-阿尼玛卿蛇绿混杂岩岩带；c中什多龙岩体年龄据文献[25]，其余岩体年龄据文献[5]
Figure 1. Geological sketch of the Central Orogenic Belt(a), geological map of East Kunlun Orogenic Belt(b), geological map of Elashan magmatic belt(c) and geological map of the study area(d)
图 2 鄂拉山岩浆带索拉沟钾长花岗岩野外露头、标本及镜下照片(正交偏光)
a.地表钾长花岗岩露头；b~c.新鲜钾长花岗岩手标本；d~f.样品显微镜镜下照片(正交偏光)；Bt.黑云母；Kfs.钾长石；Pl.斜长石；Q.石英
Figure 2. Field photographs, sample and microphotographs of syenogranite from Suolagou area, Elashan magmatic belt
图 3 鄂拉山岩浆带索拉沟钾长花岗岩中(SLG-4)锆石阴极发光(CL)图像
实心圆圈和黄色虚线圆圈分别代表U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素测试激光剥蚀点位；圈中数字为分析点号，编号同表 1，锆石下方年龄为206Pb/238U表面年龄，黄色数字代表εHf(t)
Figure 3. Cathodoluminescence (CL) for zircons of syenogranite (sample No.SLG-4) Suolagou area, Elashan magmatic belt
图 4 鄂拉山岩浆带索拉沟钾长花岗岩(SLG-4)锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(a)及加权平均值(b)
Figure 4. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram (a) and weighted mean age (b) of syenogranite (sample No.SLG-4) from Suolagou area, Elashan magmatic belt
图 6 索拉沟钾长花岗岩岩稀土元素配分图(a)和微量元素蛛网图(b)
球粒陨石和原始地幔数据来自文献[45], 壳幔混源钾长花岗岩为南戈滩钾长花岗岩(239 Ma)据文献[35], 下地壳来源钾长花岗岩为香日德-巴隆钾长花岗岩(239~231 Ma)据文献[34]，鄂拉山、东昆仑东段高分异I型钾长花岗岩数据来源同图 5
Figure 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace elements patterns (b) for the syenogranite from Suolagou area, Elashan magmatic belt
图 10 鄂拉山索拉沟岩浆带钾长花岗岩元素协变关系图
a底图据文献[60]；b, c图中矿区分离结晶趋势线据文献[44]；图例及数据来源同图 6；PlAn15.斜长石(An=15); PlAn50.斜长石(An=50);Kfs.钾长石; Bt.黑云母; Ms.白云母; Grt.石榴石; Amp.角闪石; Mgt.磁铁矿; Tit.榍石; Allan.褐帘石; Ap.磷灰石; Sph.榍石; Mon.独居石
Figure 10. Plots of Ba-Sr (a), TiO2-Zr (b) and (La/Yb)N-La (c) for Suolagou syenogranite, Elashan magmatic belt
表 1 鄂拉山岩浆带索拉沟钾长花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测试结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of syenogranite (sample no.SLG-4) from Suolagou area, Elashan magmatic belt
分析点号 232Th 238U Th/ U 同位素比值 年龄t/Ma wB/10-6 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 1 308 540 0.57 0.050 6 0.001 7 0.253 0 0.008 3 0.036 2 0.000 3 233 76 229 7 229 2 2 830 781 1.06 0.059 7 0.003 3 0.306 3 0.016 0 0.037 4 0.000 6 591 120 271 12 237 3 3 542 934 0.58 0.051 1 0.001 3 0.260 4 0.006 7 0.037 0 0.000 3 243 59 235 5 234 2 4 633 1 037 0.61 0.051 9 0.001 3 0.265 7 0.007 0 0.037 0 0.000 3 280 53 239 6 234 2 5 475 842 0.56 0.051 4 0.002 0 0.262 7 0.010 7 0.037 0 0.000 5 257 91 237 9 234 3 6 234 401 0.58 0.052 1 0.004 0 0.258 6 0.017 5 0.036 6 0.000 8 300 176 234 14 232 5 7 162 275 0.59 0.051 6 0.002 6 0.258 1 0.012 8 0.036 8 0.000 4 265 123 233 10 233 3 8 381 874 0.44 0.050 2 0.002 4 0.253 2 0.011 4 0.036 6 0.000 4 206 111 229 9 231 3 9 1 121 1 700 0.66 0.063 9 0.001 7 0.324 1 0.008 7 0.036 8 0.000 5 739 57 285 7 233 3 10 430 616 0.70 0.052 0 0.003 0 0.259 8 0.015 1 0.036 2 0.000 4 287 133 235 12 229 3 11 670 1 720 0.39 0.052 3 0.001 3 0.267 3 0.008 0 0.036 8 0.000 6 298 64 241 6 233 4 12 312 545 0.57 0.052 3 0.003 6 0.264 9 0.017 9 0.036 6 0.000 6 298 162 239 14 232 4 13 418 877 0.48 0.051 0 0.001 6 0.264 8 0.008 2 0.037 4 0.000 4 239 72 239 7 237 2 14 260 326 0.80 0.051 4 0.002 3 0.257 8 0.011 5 0.036 5 0.000 4 257 108 233 9 231 3 15 260 606 0.43 0.052 8 0.001 8 0.270 8 0.009 3 0.037 0 0.000 4 320 80 243 7 234 2 16 791 1 999 0.40 0.065 1 0.001 5 0.334 5 0.008 7 0.036 8 0.000 4 776 53 293 7 233 2 17 575 808 0.71 0.052 5 0.002 1 0.267 6 0.009 6 0.037 4 0.000 6 306 91 241 8 237 4 
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表 2 鄂拉山岩浆带索拉沟钾长花岗岩主量元素、稀土及微量元素分析结果
Table 2. Major and trace element compositions of the syenogranite from Suolagou area, Elashan magmatic belt
样品编号 SLG-1 SLG-2 SLG-3 SLG-4 SLG-5 SLG-6 SLG-7 SLG-8 SiO2 wB/% 76.63 76.61 77.05 76.68 77.23 75.94 75.93 75.91 TiO2 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.06 Al2O3 12.26 12.54 12.49 12.60 12.25 12.64 12.84 12.54 FeOT 0.72 0.85 0.93 0.87 0.84 1.26 1.18 0.94 MnO 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 MgO 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.15 0.15 0.07 CaO 0.72 0.65 0.50 0.67 0.57 0.77 0.62 0.75 Na2O 3.22 3.48 3.52 3.43 3.48 3.69 3.78 3.35 K2O 4.87 4.78 4.84 4.89 4.62 4.59 4.55 4.84 P2O5 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 烧失量 0.70 0.48 0.40 0.61 0.59 0.60 0.43 0.67 总量 99.29 99.52 99.88 99.90 99.71 99.78 99.61 99.18 Mg# 16 10 13 14 12 19 20 13 A/CNK 1.03 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.01 1.05 1.03 DI 95 95 95 95 95 94 94 94 SI 0.79 0.55 0.76 0.76 0.67 1.57 1.57 0.77 TZr/℃ 744 736 741 734 733 764 768 750 Sc wB/10-6 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.1 V 2.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 Cr 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 Co 125.0 105.5 115.5 107.0 138.0 170.5 138.5 152.0 Ni 61.7 54.2 59.2 55.8 69.5 85.0 74.0 82.6 Mn 197 92 167 140 224 295 257 260 Cu 10.0 1.1 3.1 2.3 4.7 4.1 6.7 20.8 Zn 28.0 8.0 16.0 17.0 19.0 26.0 44.0 27.0 Ga 15.4 18.1 17.4 17.1 16.8 19.7 20.4 16.1 Cs 5.4 3.9 6.9 4.4 7.3 7.0 8.6 6.7 Rb 263 268 346 284 342 260 265 299 Ba 99 54 61 86 49 97 92 93 Th 45.2 39.5 42.0 35.9 39.0 29.1 30.0 48.4 U 6.2 6.4 7.4 6.6 6.7 4.4 3.8 7.0 Nb 12.8 21.0 24.7 18.6 14.0 17.8 20.6 14.4 Ta 3.1 3.8 5.7 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.7 La 27.4 19.2 21.1 18.6 15.9 21.8 21.8 24.7 Ce 55.6 45.8 46.4 40.7 33.5 51.2 53.0 50.8 Pb 40.2 19.6 34.3 29.3 35.8 26.4 34.4 39.4 Pr 5.80 5.22 5.00 4.42 3.72 5.99 6.31 5.54 Sr 37.1 26.8 20.5 30.3 20.8 41.9 38.1 37.4 Nd 19.6 19.9 18.6 15.6 12.9 21.7 22.7 17.5 Zr 91 82 87 81 78 121 122 99 Hf 3.50 4.00 4.40 4.00 3.70 4.90 5.40 3.80 Sm 3.53 4.76 4.96 3.70 3.01 4.78 5.41 3.31 Eu 0.26 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.23 Ti 390 350 320 350 270 580 550 420 Gd 2.67 4.01 4.61 3.36 3.02 4.58 4.98 2.86 Tb 0.40 0.63 0.78 0.56 0.50 0.72 0.78 0.45 Dy 2.45 3.83 4.93 3.51 3.23 4.22 4.67 2.80 Y 15.60 22.80 30.40 22.00 19.90 24.00 26.70 17.30 Ho 0.47 0.78 1.09 0.67 0.64 0.85 0.94 0.58 Er 1.47 2.44 3.26 2.06 1.98 2.44 2.75 1.71 Tm 0.26 0.38 0.53 0.35 0.34 0.39 0.44 0.28 Yb 1.84 2.62 3.73 2.42 2.42 2.46 2.84 2.13 Lu 0.28 0.39 0.56 0.40 0.39 0.40 0.45 0.34 ΣREE 122.03 110.10 115.70 96.51 81.71 121.70 127.24 113.23 δEu 10.68 5.26 4.06 5.51 4.71 6.36 5.51 8.32 Nb/Ta 5.01 2.60 2.75 3.25 3.41 2.94 2.60 4.82 Zr/Y 1.20 1.27 1.02 1.15 1.03 1.54 1.45 1.11 Sm/Nd 0.25 0.10 0.09 0.14 0.16 0.11 0.10 0.22 Th/U 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.1 (La/Yb)N 2.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 注：所有样品全岩主微量元素测试于2019年2月在澳实分析检测(广州)有限公司完成；DI为分异指数；SI为固结指数；TZr为据Watson等[46]计算的锆石饱和温度；N代表球粒陨石标准化，球粒陨石数据据文献[45]
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表 3 鄂拉山岩浆带索拉沟钾长花岗岩(SLG-4)锆石Hf同位素分析结果
Table 3. Hf isotopic data for zircon of Suolagou syenogranite(SLG-4), Elashan magmatic belt
分析点号 176Yb/ 177Hf 1σ 176Lu/ 177Hf 1σ 176Hf/ 177Hf 1σ 176Hf/ 177Hfi εHf(0) εHf(t) T1DM/ Ga T2DM/ Ga fLu/Hf 1 0.018 195 0.000 138 0.000 661 0.000 004 0.282 551 0.000 021 0.282 548 -7.83 -2.81 0.98 1.29 -0.98 2 0.047 809 0.000 746 0.001 637 0.000 018 0.282 573 0.000 020 0.282 566 -7.04 -2.18 0.98 1.25 -0.95 3 0.022 507 0.000 212 0.000 834 0.000 010 0.282 566 0.000 016 0.282 563 -7.28 -2.29 0.97 1.26 -0.97 4 0.028 659 0.000 300 0.001 072 0.000 006 0.282 583 0.000 025 0.282 579 -6.67 -1.72 0.95 1.23 -0.97 5 0.019 430 0.000 400 0.000 723 0.000 017 0.282 576 0.000 019 0.282 573 -6.92 -1.92 0.95 1.24 -0.98 6 0.036 135 0.000 210 0.001 376 0.000 005 0.282 609 0.000 023 0.282 603 -5.77 -0.86 0.92 1.18 -0.96 7 0.030 739 0.000 358 0.001 135 0.000 010 0.282 569 0.000 019 0.282 564 -7.17 -2.23 0.97 1.26 -0.97 8 0.018 329 0.000 515 0.000 688 0.000 016 0.282 556 0.000 027 0.282 553 -7.64 -2.63 0.98 1.28 -0.98 9 0.076 490 0.003 715 0.002 431 0.000 110 0.282 622 0.000 023 0.282 611 -5.31 -0.56 0.93 1.16 -0.93 10 0.031 886 0.000 217 0.001 161 0.000 010 0.282 560 0.000 017 0.282 555 -7.50 -2.56 0.98 1.28 -0.97 11 0.039 268 0.001 174 0.001 458 0.000 053 0.282 538 0.000 027 0.282 532 -8.27 -3.38 1.02 1.32 -0.96 13 0.027 157 0.000 281 0.001 066 0.000 016 0.282 562 0.000 030 0.282 558 -7.41 -2.46 0.98 1.27 -0.97 15 0.021 114 0.000 409 0.000 792 0.000 012 0.282 531 0.000 022 0.282 527 -8.53 -3.54 1.01 1.33 -0.98 16 0.040 041 0.000 585 0.001 445 0.000 027 0.282 563 0.000 022 0.282 557 -7.38 -2.48 0.99 1.27 -0.96 17 0.042 616 0.001 016 0.001 573 0.000 033 0.282 586 0.000 022 0.282 579 -6.59 -1.72 0.96 1.23 -0.95 注：15个分析点，分析点号保留U-Pb定点的分析点号，校正计算年龄T=233 Ma；(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR=0.033 2, (176Hf/177Hf)CHUR, 0=0.282 772[50], (176Lu/177Hf)DM=0.038 4[51], (176Hf/177Hf)DM=0.283 25[52], (176Lu/177Hf)CC=0.015, fcc=-0.548, fDM=0.16[51], λ=1.867×10-11yr-1[53]
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