Inclusion features and geological significance of the Tonglüshan skarn-type copper-iron (gold) deposit in Daye, Hubei
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摘要: 湖北铜绿山铜铁（金）矿床是长江中下游地区典型的矽卡岩型矿床。为了探究其矽卡岩的成因，进行了包裹体的岩相学观察，显微测温和激光拉曼分析。研究结果表明，铜绿山矿床流体包裹体的均一温度为180~700℃，盐度w（NaCleqv）为1.74%~55.7%；从矽卡岩期到石英—硫化物期，成矿流体从高温、高盐度向低温、低盐度演化；激光拉曼显示熔融包裹体中包含石榴石、方解石、赤铁矿和水。综合包裹体的岩相学及相组成特征，铜绿山矿床的早期矽卡岩应为岩浆成因。Abstract: The Tonglüshan copper-iron (gold) deposit is a typical skarn deposit in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Hubei.In order to find the origin of skarn, the petrographic observation, microscopic temperature measurement and laser Raman analysis of the inclusions were carried out.The result shows that the uniform temperature of the fluid inclusions in the deposit ranges from 180 to 700℃, and the salinity ranges from 1.74% to 55.7% NaCleqv. From the skarn period to the quartz-sulfide period, the ore-forming fluids are from high temperature and high salinity to low temperature and low salinity.The result of laser Raman measurement shows that the melt inclusions contain garnet, calcite, hematite and water.Based on the petrography and petrofacies composition characteristics of inclusions, the early skarn of Tonglüshan deposit should be of magmatic origin.
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Key words:
- skarn deposit /
- melt inclusion /
- laser Raman /
- magma skarn
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图 1 鄂东南地区地质及矿产分布简图(底图据文献[18]修改)
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of geological and mineral distribution in southeastern Hubei
图 3 铜绿山矿床手标本照片和显微照片
a.黄铁矿压碎结构；b.半自形粒状黄铁矿；c.黄铜矿和斑铜矿交代黄铁矿；d.绿帘石交代石榴石；e.放射状透闪石(正交)；f.金云母化；g.网脉状磁铁矿矿石；h.浸染状黄铜矿矿石；i.赤铁矿磁铁矿矿石；j.矽卡岩化；k.钾-硅-黄铁矿化；l.碳酸盐化
Figure 3. Ore photographs and microphotographs of Tonglüshan deposit
图 5 铜绿山矿床0号勘探线地质剖面图
Figure 5. Geological section of No.0 exploration line of Tonglüshan deposit
图 6 铜绿山矿床包裹体类型图
a，b.石榴石中的熔融包裹体；c.石榴石中的流体-熔体包裹体；d.方解石中的气液两相包裹体；e.石英中的含CO2三相包裹体；f.石英中的含子矿物包裹体。C.结晶质；Cex.全消光的物质；Hm.赤铁矿；Fe.铁质；D.子矿物；VCO2.气相CO2；LCO2.液相CO2；V.气体；L，LH2O.水
Figure 6. Types of inclusions in Tonglüshan deposit
图 7 铜绿山矿床熔融包裹体和流体-熔体包裹体图
a，b.流体-熔体包裹体；c~i.熔融包裹体；C.结晶质；Cex.全消光的物质；Fe.铁质；L.水；V.气体
Figure 7. Melt inclusions and fluid-melt inclusions of Tonglüshan deposit
图 8 铜绿山矿床流体包裹体均一温度(a)和盐度(b)直方图
Figure 8. Homogeneous temperature histogram of fluid inclusions in Tonglüshan deposit
图 9 铜绿山矿床石榴石中包裹体激光拉曼谱线(Gal.石榴石；Cal.方解石; Hm.赤铁石)
Figure 9. Laser Raman line of inclusions in garnet in Tonglüshan deposit
图 10 铜绿山矿床流体包裹体的均一温度与盐度散点图
Figure 10. Homogeneous temperature and salinity scatter plot of fluid inclusions in Tonglüshan deposit
表 1 铜绿山矿床流体包裹体显微测温结果
Table 1. Microscopic temperature measurement results of fluid inclusions in Tonglüshan deposit
成矿阶段 主矿物 包裹体类型 部分均一温度/℃ 均一温度/℃ 盐度w(NaCleqv)/% 范围 均值 范围 均值 早矽卡岩阶段 石榴石 气液两相包裹体 457.4~700 577.39 6.01~11.93 8.96 含子矿物包裹体 478 575 55.74 晚矽卡岩阶段 绿帘石 气液两相包裹体 401.6~550 504.06 6.59~10.86 8.88 含子矿物包裹体 393.3~424.8 517.8~550 47.02~49.47 47.53 早期硫化物阶段 石英 气液两相包裹体 215.1~425.5 321.77 6.3~12.27 8.92 含子矿物包裹体 266.8~320.8 360.5~431.1 42.93~50.17 46.03 晚期硫化物阶段 方解石 气液两相包裹体 185.3~317.7 249.47 1.74~6.88 4.11 
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