Application of wavelet transformation of logging data in sequence stratigraphic division of Cambrian Xixiangchi Group in Central Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 川中地区寒武系洗象池群由于缺乏生物化石，岩性、电性变化小，利用传统的岩心和测井等资料很难精确地划分层序。自然伽马能谱测井Th、U、K曲线的突变点能指示层序界面和最大海泛面，其Th/U和Th/K曲线不仅能够反映沉积时的氧化还原环境，还可以反映沉积水体的变化，将沉积旋回记录下来。再通过小波变换技术进行多尺度分解，得到不同级数的小波曲线。以GT2井为主要研究对象，对Th/U曲线进行多波基分解，对比发现Dmeyer小波为最优选。结合碳同位素正漂移事件，对小波变换后得到的小波曲线Th/U-d8分析，总结出2种层序划分地质模型，并将洗象池群划分为4个三级层序、8个体系域，每个三级层序由海侵体系域和高位体系域构成。同时选取了分辨率更高的小波曲线Th/U-d7和Th/U-d6曲线对四级和五级层序进行精细划分，共划分11个四级层序和25个五级层序，分别以三级层序和四级层序刻画了沉积期的相对海平面变化。该研究有助于对川中洗象池群进行精细的层序划分，推进其沉积演化与储层发育特征研究。Abstract: Due to the lack of biological fossils and small changes in lithology and electrical properties of the Cambrian Xixiangchi Group in central Sichuan Basin, it is difficult to accurately divide sequences by using traditional core and logging data.The abrupt points of Th, U and K curves of natural gamma-ray spectrum logging can indicate sequence interface and maximum flooding surface, and their Th/U and Th/K curves can reflect not only the redox environment during deposition, but also the change of sedimentary water body and record the sedimentary cycle.Then multi-scale decomposition is carried out by wavelet transformation technology, and the wavelet curves of different series are obtained.Taking Well GT2 as the main research object, the Th/U curve is decomposed by multi-wave basis, and it is found that Dmeyer wavelet is the best.Combined with the carbon isotope positive drift event, based on the Th/U-d8 analysis of the wavelet curve obtained by wavelet transformation, two kinds of sequence division geological models are summarized, and the Xixiangchi Group is divided into 4 third-order sequences and 8 individual systems tracts. Each third-order sequence is composed of transgression systems tracts and high-stand systems tracts.At the same time, the higher resolution wavelet curves Th/U-d7 and Th/U-d6 curves are selected to finely divide the fourth-order and fifth-order sequences, which are divided into 11 fourth-order sequences and 25 fifth-order sequences, and the relative sea level changes during the sedimentary period are described by third-order sequences and fourth-order sequences respectively.This study is helpful to the fine sequence division of Xixiangchi Group in central Sichuan Basin and promote the study of its sedimentary evolution and reservoir development characteristics.
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图 2 GT2井自然伽马能谱测井曲线及碳同位素特征
Figure 2. Natural Gamma-ray spectrum logging curve and carbon isotope characteristics of Well GT2
图 3 GT2井自然伽马能谱测井曲线及不同小波变换结果(岩性同图 2)
Figure 3. Natural Gamma-ray spectrum logging curve of Well GT2 and the results of different wavelet transformation
图 4 GT2井测井曲线平均滤波前后对比图
Th.原始曲线；Th-SM.滤波曲线
Figure 4. Comparison of logging curves of Well GT2 before and after average filtering
图 5 川中地区洗象池群小波变换典型地质模型(岩性同图 2)
Figure 5. Typical geological model of wavelet transformation of Xixiangchi Group in Central Sichuan
图 6 利用小波变换结果划分层序地层(GT2井)(岩性同图 2)
Figure 6. Using the results of wavelet transformation to divide sequence stratigraphy (Well GT2)
图 7 小波变换划分高频旋回及相对海平面变化(GT2井)(岩性同图 2)
Figure 7. High frequency cycles divided by wavelet transformation and relative sea level changes (Well GT2)
表 1 GT2井洗象池群各体系域自然伽马能谱测井数据统计
Table 1. Statistics of natural Gamma-ray spectrum logging data of each system domain of Well GT2 Xixiangchi Group
层序 体系域 Th/U Th/K w(K)/
%w(U)/
10-6w(Th)/
10-6SQ4 HST 2.281 1.265 2.419 1.571 1.864 TST 2.744 1.592 0.794 1.546 2.096 SQ3 HST 2.545 1.272 0.793 1.546 1.869 TST 2.611 1.440 0.820 1.478 2.121 SQ2 HST 2.535 1.333 0.720 1.409 1.759 TST 2.450 1.427 0.851 1.448 1.994 SQ1 HST 2.480 1.306 1.000 1.679 2.126 TST 2.163 1.713 1.392 1.687 2.704 
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