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基于全岩心CT的遗迹化石定量表征新方法: 以加拿大麦凯Ⅲ油砂区块为例

陈浩 黄继新 聂志泉 周久宁 史晓星

陈浩, 黄继新, 聂志泉, 周久宁, 史晓星. 基于全岩心CT的遗迹化石定量表征新方法: 以加拿大麦凯Ⅲ油砂区块为例[J]. 地质科技通报, 2021, 40(4): 252-259. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0419
引用本文: 陈浩, 黄继新, 聂志泉, 周久宁, 史晓星. 基于全岩心CT的遗迹化石定量表征新方法: 以加拿大麦凯Ⅲ油砂区块为例[J]. 地质科技通报, 2021, 40(4): 252-259. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0419
Chen Hao, Huang Jixin, Nie Zhiquan, Zhou Jiuning, Shi Xiaoxing. Quantitative characterization of ichnology based on CT scan: A case study of Mackay-Ⅲ oil sands, Canada[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2021, 40(4): 252-259. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0419
Citation: Chen Hao, Huang Jixin, Nie Zhiquan, Zhou Jiuning, Shi Xiaoxing. Quantitative characterization of ichnology based on CT scan: A case study of Mackay-Ⅲ oil sands, Canada[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2021, 40(4): 252-259. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0419

基于全岩心CT的遗迹化石定量表征新方法: 以加拿大麦凯Ⅲ油砂区块为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0419
基金项目: 

美洲地区超重油与油砂高效开发关键技术 2016ZX05031

国家自然科学基金项目 41472119

详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈浩(1990-), 男, 工程师, 主要从事加拿大油砂开发地质研究工作。E-mail: 382592444@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: Q913.2

Quantitative characterization of ichnology based on CT scan: A case study of Mackay-Ⅲ oil sands, Canada

  • 摘要: 根据高分辨率岩心照片、全岩心CT扫描和测井资料,以加拿大麦凯Ⅲ油砂区块下白垩统McMurray组为研究对象,开展了遗迹化石属种识别、定量表征及其空间分布特征研究。在划分目的层岩相类型的基础上,综合生物扰动指数(BI)、遗迹尺寸多样性指数(SDI)和围岩平均粒径,提出了生物扰动综合指数(BCI),并采用序贯高斯随机模拟建立了目的层BCI三维地质模型。结果表明:目的层发育9种碎屑岩岩相和9属遗迹化石。岩相以富含油块状中粒砂岩相、富生物扰动细粒砂岩相和富生物扰动泥质粉砂岩相为主,遗迹化石以Skoliths、PalaeophycusPlanolites为主。根据BCI模型,可将全区划分为Ⅰ类弱生物扰动(BCI < 1.5),Ⅱ类中等生物扰动(1.5<BCI < 3)和Ⅲ类强生物扰动(BCI>3)区域。本研究为定量表征遗迹化石的发育特征和空间分布提供了新的思路与方法。

     

  • 图 1  麦凯Ⅲ油砂区块地理位置、井位及地层特征

    a.地理位置; b.井位分布; c.单井柱状图

    Figure 1.  Location, well distribution and formation relationship of Mackay-Ⅲ oil sands

    图 2  麦凯Ⅲ区块McMurray组典型岩相

    a.1032井, 159.04~159.79 m, 岩相F1; b.0433井,189.67~190.42 m, 岩相F2; c.0704井, 187.39~188.14 m, 岩相F3; d.0805井, 165.67~166.42 m, 岩相F4; e.1232井,184.58~185.33 m, 岩相F5; f.0432井, 173.89~174.64 m, 岩相F6; g.0433, 163.27~164.02 m, 岩相F7; h.0704井, 170.06~170.81 m, 岩相F8; i.0432井, 191.89~192.64 m, 岩相F9, 岩心筒高75 cm,宽7.5 cm

    Figure 2.  Typical lithofacies of the McMurray Formation, Mackay-Ⅲ

    图 3  麦凯Ⅲ工区McMurray组遗迹化石及实体化石

    a.1232井, 164.5 m, BI=1~4; b.0504井, 166 m, BI=2~4; c.0432井, 173.60 m, BI=1~3; d.0432井, 164.15 m, BI=3; e.0432井, 164.65 m, BI=4~6; f.0504井, 173.5 m, BI=1~2; g.0832井, 161.80 m, BI=4~5; h.0805井, 166.70 m, BI=6; i.0828井, 152.75 m, BI=4; j.0833井, 183.90 m, BI=1; k.1032井, 166.25 m, BI=6;As.Asterosoma; Ch.Chondrites; Op.Ophiomorpha; Pa.Palaeophycus; Pl.Planolites; Ro.Rosselia; Sk.Skolithos; Te.Teichichnus; Th.Thalassinoides; DML.双泥披层; Bi.双壳类

    Figure 3.  Identification of trace fossils, McMurray Formation, Mackay-Ⅲ

    图 4  0433井生物扰动综合指数(BCI)三维地质模型建立

    a.BCI单井表征; b.岩相模型; c.BCI模型;BI.生物扰动指数;SDI.遗迹尺寸多样性指数;As.Asterosoma; Ch.Chondrites; Op.Ophiomorpha; Pa.Palaeophycus; Pl.Planolites; Ro.Rosselia; Sk.Skolithos; Te.Teichichnus; Th.Thalassinoides

    Figure 4.  Three-dimension geo-modeling process of BCI

    图 5  目的层遗迹化石发育特征及其空间分布

    a.南北向剖面; b.东西向剖面

    Figure 5.  Features and spatial distribution of trace fossils in target formation

    表  1  麦凯Ⅲ工区McMurray组典型岩相特征

    Table  1.   Analysis of typical lithofacies of the McMurray Formation, Mackay-Ⅲ

    岩相 岩相描述 沉积构造 生物遗迹特征 环境解释
    F1 以细砂岩为主,少见突变面,正韵律,薄砂层,平均粒径0.203 mm 交错层理,平行纹层,波痕交错纹层,块状砂岩,发育砂泥岩互层 遗迹分异度低、中到高密度,包括: Skolithos, Planolites 潮汐砂坝
    F2 极细到中砂岩,可见突变面,正韵律,偶见绿泥石。平均粒径0.202 mm 平行至低角度纹层,少见丘状交错层理和波痕纹层 分异度和密度皆为低到中等,包括: Palaeophycus, Asterosoma, Planolites, Thalassinoides, Rosselia, Teichichnus, Skolithos 潮上带
    F3 极细到细砂岩,偶见突变面,正韵律,薄砂层,平均粒径0.135 mm 波状层理,平行纹层,少见丘状交错层理,韵律性砂泥岩互层,偶见泥砾 分异度和密度皆为中到高等,Skolithos-Cruziana遗迹相组合; 包括: Asterosoma, Rosselia, Thalassionides 潮汐砂坝
    边缘
    F4 泥质砂岩至极细砂岩,发育突变面,正韵律,薄砂层, 平均粒径0.129 mm 波状至波痕交错纹层,以及平行纹层,波状泥质和泥质砂岩交替发育 中等分异度、中到高密度遗迹组合,包括: Thalassinoides, Planolites, Palaeophycus, Asterosoma, Skolithos, Teichichnus 浅海陆棚
    潮下带
    F5 细砂岩,反韵律,偶见突变面,薄砂层。岩心可见大量稳定连续的泥质纹层,平均粒径0.143 mm 波状韵律性砂泥岩互层 高分异度、高密度遗迹组合,包括: Asterosoma, Thalassinoides, Planolites, Rosselia 潮汐砂坝
    坝体边缘
    F6 细砂岩,反韵律,偶见突变面。发育零星泥质纹层,平均粒径0.124 mm 波状韵律性砂泥岩互层 高分异度、高密度遗迹组合,包括: Asterosoma, Thalassinoides, Planolites, Rosselia 潮汐砂坝
    坝体边缘
    F7 深灰色、纹层状泥岩,少见突变面,正韵律。平均粒径0.117 mm 无明显结构特征,泥质纹层中可见平行至低角度交错层理 低分异度和中到高密度遗迹组合,Chondrites 浅海陆棚
    F8 泥质砂层夹粉砂岩,正韵律,常见突变面,薄砂层。平均粒径0.117 mm 平行纹层,生物扰动泥质纹层 低分异度、中到高密度遗迹组合,包括: Chondrites, Teichichnus, Asterosoma 浅海陆棚潮下带
    F9 极细到中粒砂岩,偶见突变面,正韵律,薄砂层,平均粒径0.148 mm 波痕交错纹层,平行纹层,小型交错层理,波状层理,波状砂泥岩互层 低到中等分异度、中密度遗迹组合,包括: Asterosoma, Rosselia, Skolithos, Planolites, and Thalassinoides 潮间带潮汐砂坝
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  遗迹化石扫描图像(0433井)及发育规模统计结果

    Table  2.   The CT scan picture of trace fossils (Well 0433) and the statistics of spatial scale

    类别 Palaeophycus Planolites Ophiomorpha Skolithos Teichichnus Rosselia
    CT图像
    CT值 1 400~4 800 1 700~5 000 3 000~5 000 3 000~5 000 1 800~2 500 1 100~1 800
    统计个数 45 68 14 34 8 8
    长度/mm 58.15 45.67 53.75 24.48 47.61 31.2
    孔径/mm 6.34 24.26 8.32 1.52 15.79 12.1
    下载: 导出CSV
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