广西大化县透闪石玉的产地特征

尹作为; 王文薇; 周青超

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0612

广西大化县透闪石玉的产地特征

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0612

尹作为^{1, 2,},
王文薇²,
周青超^2, ,

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41372224

湖北省珠宝工程技术研究中心科研项目 CIGTXM-03-202001

云南省高校宝石及材料工艺工程研究中心 ZX202002001

详细信息

作者简介:
尹作为(1970-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事宝石学研究和教学工作。E-mail: yinzuowei1025@163.com

通讯作者:
周青超(1992-), 男, 主要从事宝石学研究和教育工作。E-mail: zhouqc229@163.com

中图分类号: P57
计量
- 文章访问数: 1024
- PDF下载量: 199
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-16

Location characteristics of tremolite jade from Dahua, Guangxi

Yin Zuowei^{1, 2
,},
Wang Wenwei²,
Zhou Qingchao^{2
, ,}

摘要

摘要: 广西河池市大化瑶族自治县发现了透闪石玉矿床，研究程度较低，但是该产区玉石在市场上却占有不小份额，对该区透闪石玉的宝石学特征及其产地属性进行系统研究具有重要意义。通过常规测试、拉曼光谱（RAMAN）、X射线粉晶衍射（XRD）、电感耦合等离子质谱（ICP-MS）、激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）等测试，研究该区透闪石玉的包体特征、谱学特征、结构特征和成分特征，来解读本地区透闪石玉的产地属性。研究结果显示：大化透闪石玉的主要矿物成分SiO₂、MgO和CaO较为稳定，次要矿物成分MnO，FeO，TiO₂的变异系数相对较大，样品的微量元素B，Cr，Zn，Sr含量较高，V，Co，Ni的含量相对较低，Fe²⁺/（Mg²⁺+Fe²⁺）平均值为0.03，显示主要矿物为透闪石，说明本区透闪石玉为镁质大理岩受到接触交代变质作用而形成，低铁，高钙为特征；从样品所含有的稀土元素来看，该矿区的透闪石玉稀土元素总量∑REE偏低，轻重稀土元素分异不明显，属于轻稀土元素富集型，稀土配分模式属于右倾型，比较平坦，Eu负异常，有明显的Ce负异常；透闪石玉结晶度平均值为0.963，大于新疆透闪石玉的结晶度平均值0.843，与青海的0.96相近，这反映出大化透闪石玉的结晶程度较高，晶体颗粒相对较大，结晶环境良好；透闪石玉中铍/硅LIBS强度比（I_Be/I_Si）为：中国广西大化透闪石玉为0，中国新疆透闪石玉0.003~0.008，中国青海透闪石玉为0，中国辽宁透闪石玉为0.004~0.006，韩国透闪石玉为0.1~0.16，俄罗斯透闪石玉为0.03~0.05。研究结果与其他产地的比对可为溯源提供参考。
- 透闪石玉 /
- 宝石学特征 /
- 产地特征 /
- 广西大化县
Abstract: The tremolite jade found in Dahua County, Guangxi Province, is a new type of tremolite jade that has only appeared in the past two years with a low degree of research. But the jade in this production area occupies a large share in the market. It is of great significance to systematically study the gemological characteristics and origin attributes of tremolite jade in this area. Through routine tests, Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and other tests, the inclusion characteristics, spectral characteristics, structural characteristics and composition characteristics of tremolite jade in this area are studied to interpret the origin attribute of tremolite jade in this area. The results show that the main mineral components of Dahua tremolite jade are relatively stable, such as SiO₂, MgO and CaO, While the coefficient of variation of minor mineral components MnO, FeO and TiO₂ is relatively large. The contents of trace elements B, Cr, Zn and Sr are relatively high, the contents of V, Co and Ni are relatively low, and the content of Mg²⁺/(Mg²⁺+Fe²⁺) is 0.03, indicating that the main mineral is tremolite and the tremolite jade in this area is formed by contact metasomatic metamorphism, characterized by low iron and high calcium; From the rare earth elements contained in the sample, the total amount of rare earth elements ΣREE of tremolite jade in the mining area is low, the differentiation of light and heavy rare earth elements is not obvious, belonging to the enrichment type of light rare earth elements, the rare earth distribution mode belongs to the right dip type, relatively flat, Eu negative anomaly and obvious Ce negative anomaly; The average crystallinity of tremolite jade in this area is 0.963, which is greater than that of Xinjiang tremolite jade by 0.843, which is close to that of Qinghai(0.96), which reflects that Dahua tremolite jade has high crystallinity, relatively large crystal particles and good crystallization environment; The ratio of beryllium/silicon intensity(I_Be/I_Si) by LIBS of tremolite jade in this area is: 0 for tremolite jade in Dahua, Guangxi, China, 0.003-0.008 for tremolite jade in Xinjiang, China, 0 for tremolite jade in Qinghai, China, 0.004-0.006 for tremolite jade in Liaoning, China, 0.1-0.16 for tremolite jade in Korea and 0.03-0.05 for tremolite jade in Russia. The comparison between the above information and other places of origin provides a reference for traceability.
- tremolite jade /
- gemological characteristics /
- regional significance /
- Dahua County, Guangxi

HTML全文

图 1 广西大化透闪石玉矿体赋存状态示意图

1.辉绿岩；2.灰岩；3.大理岩；4.透闪石含矿体；5.矿化体界线；6.含矿热液通道

Figure 1. Occurrence state of tremolite jade ore body from Dahua, Guangxi

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 广西大化透闪石玉拉曼光谱图

Figure 2. Raman spectrum of tremolite Jade from Dahua, Guangxi

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 广西大化透闪石玉样品LIBS测试图谱

Figure 3. LIBS test spectrum of tremolite jade samples from Dahua, Guangxi

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 广西大化透闪石w(CaO+Na₂O+K₂O)与w(FeO)成分投影图(根据文献[22])

Figure 4. Plot of w(CaO+Na₂O+K₂O) and FeO of tremolite jade from Dahua, Guangxi

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 广西大化与不同产地的透闪石玉样品稀土元素配分比较图(底图据文献[23])

Figure 5. Distribution of rare earth elements in tremolite jade samples from different regions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 部分样品X射线粉晶衍射特征谱线图(Dh-7号样品，图中数值代表晶面间距)

Figure 6. X-ray powder diffraction characteristic spectra of some samples (Dh-7 sample)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 广西大化透闪石玉样品特征(红圈为成分测试点)

Table 1. Characteristics of nephrite samples from Dahua, Guangxi

样品照片	标本号及样品外观特征描述
	整体呈白色带有青色调；明显可见白色条带分布其中；不透明较干；呈蜡状光泽；整体质地比较细腻
	为抛光的手镯断面，整体呈弱油脂光泽，黄褐色花斑分布其中，从断口处可见花斑分布于内部或延伸至表面
	整体乳白色，部分地方有青色调；不透明，较干；呈蜡状光泽和弱油脂光泽；大量深褐黄色的花斑分布其中
	整体呈暗灰色，大量深绿色花斑分布；可见灰白色条带穿插其中；质地比较细腻；弱油脂光泽
	颜色与4号样品接近，呈暗灰色；大量灰白色不透明条带穿插其中；玉质部分质地比较细腻
	整体呈青色，质地细腻，弱油脂光泽，带有绿色花斑，微透明，侧面有白色条带
	整体呈青色，颜色从边缘向内部由白色向青色过渡；颗粒由边缘向内部逐渐变细；在靠近边缘地方有不透明白色条带穿插其中；有部分褐黄色的花斑分布其中；整体呈蜡状光泽-弱油脂光泽

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 广西大化透闪石玉的ICP-MS测试结果

Table 2. Testing results of tremolite jade from Dahua, Guang xi by ICP-MS

标本号	微量元素w_B/%										Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺
标本号	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	FeO	MnO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	P₂O₅	TiO₂	Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺
Dh-1	14.2	25.7	0.06	0.06	0.28	0.13	58.7	0.76	0.01	0.005	0.55
Dh-2	13.6	26.6	0.26	0.14	0.02	0.01	59.1	0.20	0.02	0.001	0.51
Dh-3	13.9	25.5	0.23	0.14	0.06	0.04	59.7	0.25	0.03	0.004	0.55
Dh-4	13.3	26.5	0.05	0.05	0.67	0.06	58.6	0.57	0.02	0.004	0.50
Dh-5	13.5	26.0	0.09	0.08	1.01	0.03	58.7	0.42	0.02	0.011	0.52
Dh-6	13.6	23.9	0.12	0.12	3.22	0.15	58.1	0.59	0.02	0.004	0.57
Dh-7	14.2	25.8	0.09	0.07	0.41	0.04	58.6	0.60	0.02	0.012	0.55

标本号	微量元素w_B/%
标本号	Cr₂O₃		MnO	FeO	CoO		NiO	Na₂O	Al₂O₃		P₂O₅
Dh-1	-		1 283	279	0.22		0.25	568	7 580		22
Dh-2	7.14		108	24	0.12		0.33	2 565	2 022		228
Dh-3	86.75		284	49	0.46		8.29	2 047	2470		238
Dh-4	2.04		631	674	1.01		0.30	466	5 659		178
Dh-5	3.00		323	1 012	5.05		4.88	875	4 148		235
Dh-6	29.44		1 540	3 216	5.22		3.80	1 218	5 937		231
Dh-7	3.30		381	411	0.57		0.73	942	6 021		226
Dh-9	32.89		74.5	67	0.38		3.01	5518	1750		219

标本号	微量元素w_B/%									Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg²⁺)
标本号	S	K₂O	TiO₂	V₂O₅	ZnO	SrO	Y₂O₃	ZrO₂		Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg²⁺)
Dh-1	303	590	47	12.6	52.10	24.8	0.69	0.34		0.011
Dh-2	241	1 350	8	0.68	14.42	18.1	5.26	0.33		0.001
Dh-3	411	1 087	4	3.54	19.43	23.8	4.93	3.66		0.002
Dh-4	434	549	36	10.8	57.40	24.2	4.4	0.64		0.025
Dh-5	388	784	113	6.9	19.58	20.3	7.3	1.13		0.037
Dh-6	418	1 189	45	13.3	40.28	74.3	7.2	1.01		0.119
Dh-7	333	656	123	15.3	83.70	7.9	0.5	8.00		0.016

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 广西大化透闪石玉样品中的元素变异系数值

Table 3. Values of coefficient of variation for elements in tremolite jades from Dahua, Guangxi

种类	Na₂O	MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	K₂O	CaO	TiO₂	MnO	FeO
平均值	0.19	24.14	0.21	59.89	0.10	15	0.004	0.061	0.096
变异系数	0.27	0.06	0.12	0.04	0.33	0.22	0.41	0.57	0.37

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 广西大化透闪石玉的稀土元素质量分数

Table 4. Trace element values of tremolite jade from Dahua, Guangxi

标本号	稀土元素(相对于Si)/(μg·g^-1)
标本号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
Dh-1	0.62	1.2	0.16	0.57	0.04	0.01	0.16	0.02	0.13	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.00
Dh-2	3.52	1.18	0.53	2.49	0.43	0.13	0.51	0.07	0.43	0.11	0.25	0.02	0.15	0.03
Dh-3	3.70	1.19	0.54	2.27	0.57	0.11	0.34	0.08	0.53	0.08	0.30	0.03	0.27	0.04
Dh-4	0.48	0.86	0.12	0.47	0.11	0.09	0.17	0.04	0.35	0.12	0.33	0.05	0.33	0.05
Dh-5	0.86	0.43	0.18	1.33	0.34	0.06	0.58	0.12	0.48	0.15	0.32	0.04	0.20	0.00
Dh-6	0.38	0.21	0.08	0.39	0.20	0.01	0.24	0.06	0.41	0.13	0.46	0.05	0.23	0.03
Dh-7	0.28	0.40	0.05	0.13	0.12	0.02	0.11	0.00	0.06	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.06	0.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 不同产地透闪石玉稀土元素特征值规律

Table 5. Characteristics of rare earth elements in tremolite jade from different regions

产地	特点
和田	稀土元素总量∑REE普遍较低，轻重稀土元素分异不明显。Eu负异常，没有明显的Ce异常
岫岩	稀土元素总量∑REE相对较高，明显高于其他产地。轻稀土、重稀土元素分异明显，大多呈现轻稀土元素富集现象。Eu异常情况有正有负，Ce无明显异常
溧阳	稀土元素总量∑REE普遍较低，轻稀土元素呈现轻微富集。Eu负异常，轻微的Ce负异常
格尔木	稀土元素总量∑REE非常低，轻重稀土元素分析不明显。Eu负异常，Ce无明显异常
汶川	稀土元素总量∑REE普遍偏低，轻重稀土元素分异不明显，明显的Eu负异常，强烈Ce负异常
罗甸	稀土元素总量∑REE相对较高，轻重稀土元素分异明显。Eu元素轻微亏损，Ce元素明显亏损，且Ce负异常程度明显。该特征可能与贵州罗甸地区幔源岩浆中的地幔橄榄岩部分熔融程度有关。因为橄榄岩低程度部分熔融会形成富稀土元素的岩浆。地幔部分熔融岩浆也会有轻稀土附近重稀土元素亏损的现象
大化	稀土元素总量∑REE很低，轻重稀土元素分异不明显，Eu呈现负异常，Ce和Yb明显的负异常

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(24)

[1]	崔文元, 杨富绪. 和田玉(透闪石玉)的研究[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2002, 21(增刊): 26-27. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSKW2002S1004.htm Cui W Y, Yang F X. Study on Hetian jade (tremolite jade)[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2002, 21(S): 26-27 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSKW2002S1004.htm
[2]	张永旺, 刘琰, 刘元晴, 等. 新疆和田透闪石和田玉的振动光谱[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2012, 32 (2): 45-48. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GUAN201202031.htm Zhang Y W, Liu Y, Liu Y Q, et al. Vibrational spectra of Hetian nephrite from Xinjiang[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2012, 32(2): 45-48(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GUAN201202031.htm
[3]	Peng S Z, Hao Q Z, Frank O, et al. Release of iron from chlorite weathering and links to magnetic enhancement in Chinese loess deposits[J]. Contents lists available at Science Direct Catena, 2014, 117: 43-49. http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000036240584810_1ece.html
[4]	陈全莉, 包德清, 尹作为. 新疆和田玉、辽宁岫岩和田玉的XRD及红外光谱研究[J]. 光谱与光谱分析, 2013, 33(11): 235-237. Chen Q L, Bao D Q, Yin Z W. Study on XRD and infrared spectroscopy of nephrites from Xinjiang and Xiuyan, Liaoning[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2013, 33(11): 235-237(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]	杨萍, 丘志力, 陈炳辉, 等. 现代微区测试技术在确定宝玉石产地来源中的应用及其研究进展[J]. 宝石和宝石学杂志, 2009, 11(1): 23-25. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BSHB200901002.htm Yang P, Qiu Z L, Chen B H. Application and advances of modern microanalysis in study of origin and occurrence of gems and jades[J]. Journal of Gems and Gemmology, 2009, 11(1): 23-25 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BSHB200901002.htm
[6]	薛卉, 舒彪, 陈科平, 等. CO₂基增强型地热系统中流体-花岗岩相互作用研究进展及展望[J]. 地质科技通报, 2021, 40(3): 45-53. https://dzkjqb.cug.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract10137.shtml Xue H, Shu B, Chen K P, et al. Research progress of fluid-granite interaction in CO₂ based enhanced geothermal system[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2021, 40(3): 45-53(in Chinese with English abstract). https://dzkjqb.cug.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract10137.shtml
[7]	支颖雪, 廖冠琳, 陈琼, 等. 贵州罗甸软玉的宝石矿物学特征[J]. 宝石和宝石学杂志, 2011, 13 (4): 7-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BSHB201104004.htm Zhi Y X, Liao G L, Chen Q, et al. Gemmological and mineralogical characteristics of nephrite from Luodian, Guizhou Province[J]. Journal of Gems and Gemmology, 2011, 13 (4): 7-13 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BSHB201104004.htm
[8]	杨晓丹, 施光海, 刘琰. 新疆和田黑色透闪石质软玉振动光谱特征及颜色成因[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2012, 32 (3): 681-685. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GUAN201203026.htm Yang X D, Shi G H, Liu Y. Vibrational spectra of black species of Hetian nephrite(Tremolite Jade) and its color genesis[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2012, 32(3): 681-685 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GUAN201203026.htm
[9]	曹妙聪, 朱勤文. 且末、若羌两地软玉的宝石学特征研究[J]. 长春工程学院学报: 自然科学版, 2012, 13(4): 23-28. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CGCZ201204022.htm Cao M C, Zhu Q W. The research to nephrite on gemological characteristics from Qiemo and Ruoqiang[J]. Journal of Changchun Institute of Technology: Natrual Science Edition, 2012, 13(4): 23-28 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CGCZ201204022.htm
[10]	Gao K, Shi G H, Wang M L, et al. The Tashisayi nephrite deposit from South Altyn Tagh, Xinjiang, Northwest China[J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2019, 10(4): 1597-1612.
[11]	Qiu Z L, Jiang Q Y, Luo H, et al. Raman spectra and its application of graphite enclaves in nephrite jades in Xiuyan, Liaoning[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2010, 30(11): 2985-2988. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21284168/
[12]	Zhang Z W, Gan F X, Cheng H S, et al. PIXE analysis of nephrite minerals from different deposits[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 2011, 269: 460-465. http://shguang.net/bitstream/181231/7117/1/PIXE%20analysis%20of%20nephrite%20minerals%20from%20different%20deposits.pdf
[13]	Siqin B, Qian R, Zhuo S J, et al. Glow discharge mass spectrometry studies on nephrite minerals formed by different metallogenic mechanisms and geological environments[J]. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2012, 309: 206-211. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1387380611004209
[14]	王宾, 邵臻宇, 廖宗廷, 等. 广西大化和田玉的宝石学特征[J]. 宝石和宝石学杂志, 2012, 14 (3) : 33-34. Wang B, Shao Z Y, Liao Z T, et al. Gemmological and mineralogical characteristics of nephrite from Guangxi[J]. Journal of Gems and Gemmology, 2012, 14 (3): 33-34 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]	李旭, 於晓晋, 王时麒, 等. 广西大化透闪石玉的发现及初步研究[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2011, 30(增刊): 47-52. Li X, Yu X J, Wang S Q, et al. Discovery and preliminary study of tremolite jade from Taika, Guangxi[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2011, 30(S): 47-52 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]	范二川, 兰永文, 戴朝辉, 等. 贵州省罗甸透闪石矿床地质特征及找矿预测[J]. 矿物学报, 2012, 32(2): 304-309. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KWXB201202021.htm Fan E C, Lan Y W, Dai C H, et al. Geological features of Luodian tremolite deposit, Guizhou Province, China and its prospecting prediction[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2012, 32(2): 304-309 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KWXB201202021.htm
[17]	张浩然, 姜华, 陈志勇, 等. 四川盆地及周缘地区加里东运动幕次研究现状综述[J]. 地质科技通报, 2020, 39(5): 118-126. https://dzkjqb.cug.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract10057.shtml Zhang H R, Jiang H, Chen Z Y, et al. A review of the research status of Caledonian movement stages in Sichuan Basin and surrounding areas[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2020, 39(5): 118-126 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://dzkjqb.cug.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract10057.shtml
[18]	Yang X D, Shi G H, Liu Y. Vibrational spectra of black species of Hetian nephrite (tremolite jade) and its color genesis[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2012, 32(3): 681-685.
[19]	Yin Z W, Jiang C, Santosh M. Nephrite jade from Guangxi province, China[J]. Gem & Gemology, 2014, 50(3): 228-235. http://www.researchgate.net/profile/M_Santosh/publication/267266133_NEPHRITE_JADE_FROM_GUANGXI_PROVINCE_CHINA/links/5448e1460cf2d62c3052d151
[20]	涂彩, 袁新强, 周钊. 利用激光诱导离解光谱检测铍铝元素区分透闪石白玉产地[J]. 岩矿测试, 2012, 31(2): 301-305. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YKCS201202022.htm Tu C, Yuan X Q, Zhou Z. Determination of Be and Al for source region identification of white nephrite using Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2012, 31(2): 301-305 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YKCS201202022.htm
[21]	闻广, 荆志淳. 沣西西周玉器地质考古学研究: 中国古玉地质考古学研究之三[J]. 考古学报, 1993, 108(2): 251-279. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KGXB199302004.htm Wen G, Jing Z C. Ageoarchaeological study of ancient Chinese jade: Ⅲ: Western Zhou jade from Fengxi[J]. Journal of Archaeology, 1993, 108(2): 251-279(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KGXB199302004.htm
[22]	廖任庆, 朱勤文. 中国各产地和田玉的化学成分分析[J]. 宝石和宝石学杂志, 2005, 7(1): 25-31. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BSHB200501007.htm Liao R Q, Zhu Q W. Chemical composition analysis of nephrites from different localities in China[J]. Journal of Gems and Gemmology, 2005, 7 (1): 25-31 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BSHB200501007.htm
[23]	钟友萍, 丘志力, 李榴芬, 等. 利用稀土元素组成模式及其参数进行国内软玉产地来源辨识的探索[J]. 中国稀土学报, 2013, 31(6): 738-748. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XTXB201306015.htm Zhong Y P, Qiu Z L, Li L F, et al. REE composition of nephrite jades from major mines in China and their significance for indicating origin[J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2013, 31(6): 738-748 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XTXB201306015.htm
[24]	杨林, 王兵, 王雷, 等. 贵州罗甸玉特征初步研究[J]. 贵州地质, 2011, 28 (4) : 241-246. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GZDZ201104001.htm Yang L, Wang B, Wang L, et al. Primary study of characters of Luodian jade in Guizhou[J]. Guizhou Geology, 2011, 28 (4) : 241-246 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GZDZ201104001.htm