Using compaction simulation experiment to recover burial history: Taking the fourth Member of Shahejie Formation in Leijia area, Western Depression of Liaohe River as an example
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摘要: 辽河西部凹陷雷家地区具有良好的油气勘探开发潜力，但目前对该地区的埋藏史分析缺乏清晰的认识。运用沉降史的恢复原理对研究区残余地层进行原始厚度的恢复，首先利用声波曲线法和邻层对比方法恢复地层的剥蚀厚度，然后配比5个实验样品（含砾细砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、泥质灰岩、灰质泥岩、泥岩）进行压实模拟实验，根据实验得出样品的孔隙度-深度曲线。利用现有的埋藏资料进行地层骨架厚度计算，并根据骨架体积不变公式，以每个单一岩性分层作为最小单位逐一进行回剥计算，得到各组、段地层在不同地质时期的沉积厚度以及埋藏深度。通过埋藏史分析认为雷家地区新生界地层埋藏过程中，古近系沙河街组时期地层的沉积速率较大，沉积地层较厚，但在沙河街组二段地层抬升遭受剥蚀，地层较薄；东营组时期，地层沉积变缓，末期地层遭受抬升剥蚀；在新近系、第四系时期，地层沉积速率小，沉积的地层厚度不大。Abstract: The Leijia area in the Western Depression of the Liaohe River has good oil and gas exploration and development potential, but the current analysis of the burial history in this area lacks a clear understanding.This paper uses the recovery principle of subsidence history to restore the original thickness of the remaining stratum in the study area.Firstly, the sonic curve method and the adjacent layer comparison method are used to restore the denuded thickness of the stratum.Sandstone, argillaceous limestone, limestone mudstone, mudstone) were subjected to compaction simulation experiments, and the porosity-depth curve of the sample was obtained according to the experiment.Use the existing burial data to calculate the thickness of the stratum framework, and according to the constant volume formula of the framework, use each single lithological layer as the smallest unit to carry out the backstripping calculation one by one to obtain the sedimentary thickness of each group and section in different geological periods and the depth of burial.According to the analysis of burial history, during the burial process of the Cenozoic strata in Leijia area, the sedimentation rate of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation was higher and the sedimentary strata was thicker, but the second Member of Shahejie Formation was uplifted and eroded and the strata was thin; During the Dongying Formation, the stratum deposition slowed down, and the stratum was uplifted and eroded at the end; in the Neogene and Quaternary, the stratum deposition rate was low, and the thickness of the deposited stratum was not large.
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Key words:
- Leijia area /
- burial history /
- stratum thickness /
- Paleogene
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图 1 研究区地理位置示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the geographical location of the study area
图 3 邻层地层对比法求取剥蚀厚度示意图[32]
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the denudation thickness obtained by the adjacent layer stratum comparison method
图 5 邻层地层对比法恢复剥蚀厚度(L81井)
Figure 5. Restoration of denuded thickness by the adjacent layer stratum comparison method (Well L81)
图 6 沙三末期剥蚀厚度等值线
Figure 6. Contours of denudation thickness at the end of the third stage of Shahejie Formation
图 7 东营末期剥蚀厚度等值线
Figure 7. Contour map of denudation thickness at the end of Dongying Formation
图 8 压实作用模拟实验装置示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of compaction simulation experiment device
图 9 实验操作流程
a.成岩作用模拟系统；b.中间容器组；c.岩心夹持器；d.轴压泵；e.手动微型增压泵；f.恒流恒压泵；g.自动控制系统；h.接液天平
Figure 9. Experimental operation process
图 10 样品1~样品5模拟深度-孔隙度对应关系
Figure 10. Corresponding relationship between simulated depth and porosity of sample 1-5
图 12 地层原始沉积厚度等值线图
a.沙四段; b.沙三段; c.沙一二段; d.东营组; e.馆陶组-平原组
Figure 12. Contour map of the original thickness of the formation
图 13 研究区典型井埋藏史图(地层代号同表 7)
Figure 13. Burial history of typical wells at the study area
图 14 各地质时期沙四段底面埋深图
a.Es4沉积末期; b.Es3沉积末期(Es3末剥蚀前); c.Es2沉积末期(Es3末剥蚀后); d.Es1+2沉积末期; e.Ed沉积末期(Ed末剥蚀前); f.Ng沉积前(Ed末剥蚀后); g.现今; h.各地质时期
Figure 14. Bottom depth map of the fourth Member of Shahejie Formation
表 1 声波测井曲线法恢复剥蚀量
Table 1. Recovery denudation by the sonic logging curve
井名 沙三段剥蚀厚度/m 井名 东营组剥蚀厚度/m L7 60 L7 151 G17 94 G17 129 G63 50 G63 130 G1003 64 G1003 171 G1007 64 G1007 148 L173 72 L173 237 G1221 173 G1221 85 G33 25 G33 171 G39 142 G39 110 Gg29 71 Gg29 25 Gg5 65 Gg5 130 Gg29 80 Gg29 60 G61 68 G61 92 L3 58 L3 146 
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表 2 邻层地层对比法恢复剥蚀量
Table 2. Recovery of denudation by the adjacent layer stratum comparison method
井号 沙三段剥蚀厚度/m 东营组剥蚀厚度/m L81 无剥蚀 74 L163 无剥蚀 43 L169 无剥蚀 84 L193 无剥蚀 45 L195 无剥蚀 65 L181 无剥蚀 70
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表 3 实验样品成分
Table 3. Composition of experimental sample
编号 岩性 成分 样品1 含砾细砂岩 泥10%；砾20%；细砂70% 样品2 泥质粉砂岩 泥30%；粉砂70% 样品3 泥质灰岩 泥28%；碳酸钙粉末67%；粉砂5% 样品4 灰质泥岩 碳酸钙粉末30%；泥65%；粉砂5% 样品5 泥岩 泥100%
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表 4 实验模拟条件
Table 4. Experimental simulation conditions
深度/m 承载压强/MPa 骨架压强/MPa 流体压强/MPa 温度/℃ 0 0.00 0.0 0.00 18.0 100 2.18 1.2 0.98 21.5 200 4.36 2.4 1.96 25.0 400 8.72 4.8 3.92 32.0 600 13.08 7.2 5.88 39.0 800 17.44 9.6 7.84 46.0 1 000 21.80 12.0 9.80 53.0 1 200 26.16 14.4 11.76 60.0 1 400 30.52 16.8 13.72 67.0 1 600 34.88 19.2 15.68 74.0 1 800 39.24 21.6 17.64 81.0 2 000 43.60 24.0 19.60 88.0 2 200 47.96 26.4 21.56 95.0 2 400 52.32 28.8 23.52 102.0 2 600 56.68 31.2 25.48 109.0 2 800 61.04 33.6 27.44 116.0 3 000 65.40 36.0 29.40 123.0
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表 5 新生界地层分层数据(L73井)
Table 5. Stratigraphic data of the Cenozoic(Well L73)
分层 顶深/m 底深/m 馆陶组-平原组 0 762 东营组 762 959 沙一二段 959 1 218 沙三段 1 218 2 383 沙四段 2 383 2 704
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表 6 各地质时期地层初始沉积厚度(L73井)
Table 6. Initial deposition thickness of the strata in each geological period(Well L73)
地层 Es4/m Es3/m Es1+2/m Ed/m Ng-Qp/m 馆陶组-平原组 - - - - 762.0 东营组 - - - 202.1 197.0 沙一二段 - - 271.5 269.6 259.0 沙三段 - 1 222.0 1 207.2 1 196.7 1 165.0 沙四段 353.8 335.1 331.8 329.4 321.0
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表 7 辽河西部凹陷地层时代与绝对年龄
Table 7. Stratigraphic age and absolute age in the Western Depression of Liaohe River
地层 绝对年龄/Ma 平原组(Qp) 1.6 明化镇组(Nm) 12.0 馆陶组(Ng) 24.6 东营组(Ed) 36.0 沙一段(Es1) 37.5 沙二段(Es2) 38.0 沙三段(Es3) 43.0 沙四段(Es4) 45.5
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