近50 a来新疆孔雀河灌区地下水流系统演变特征

韩鹏飞; 王旭升; 张俊; 万力; 陈劲松; 余堃

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0023

近50 a来新疆孔雀河灌区地下水流系统演变特征

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0023

韩鹏飞^1,,
王旭升^1, ,,
张俊²,
万力¹,
陈劲松¹,
余堃²

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41772249

国家自然科学基金项目 41672242

中国地质调查局地调项目 DD20190351

详细信息

作者简介:
韩鹏飞(1988-), 男, 博士后, 主要从事地下水循环的研究工作。E-mail: hpf0328@126.com

通讯作者:
王旭升(1974-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事地下水循环的研究工作。E-mail: wxsh@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641
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- 文章访问数: 585
- PDF下载量: 49
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-31
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-02

Evolution characteristics of groundwater flow systems in the past 50 years in Kongqi River irrigation district, Xinjiang, China

摘要

摘要: 新疆孔雀河灌区面临地下水超采问题，科学认识区域地下水流系统的发育条件和演变特征，是优化地下水资源开发利用方式的基础。通过构建第四系含水层三维地下水稳定流模型，利用流线追踪技术，模拟识别了孔雀河流域1970-2020年期间地下水流系统的变化特征。结果表明，不同补给区和排泄区通过流线进行组合，在孔雀河周边形成了交错分布的地下水流系统，其空间分布格局随灌区地下水开采规模而变化。在20世纪70年代的拟天然状态，灌区主要发育自北向南的地下水流系统，其空间分布格局取决于水文地质参数和排泄要素，并可能存在1~4个以孔雀河为排泄带的流动系统。在有强烈地下水开采的现状条件下，灌区地下水流系统转变为从四周流向漏斗中心，截断了从孔雀河上游渗漏到中下游河道排泄的水流系统。近50 a来，以潜水蒸发为排泄方式的地下水流系统投影面积萎缩了29%，而以地下水开采为排泄方式的地下水流系统投影面积从零增加到研究区面积的40%。潜水蒸发对自然生态系统具有重要的支撑作用，灌区地下水开采应有所控制以保障潜水蒸发型地下水流系统的发育条件。
- 水文地质 /
- 地下水开采 /
- 潜水蒸发 /
- 地下水流模拟
Abstract: The Kongqi River Irrigation District (KRID) in Xinjiang, China, has a serious problem of groundwater overexploitation.A scientific understanding of the development conditions and evolution characteristics of regional groundwater flow systems is the basis for optimizing the utilization of groundwater resources.The variation characteristics of groundwater flow systems in KRID, from 1970 to 2020, were simulated and identified via numerical modeling and streamlines tracing of the three-dimensional steady-state groundwater flow in the Quaternary aquifers.As indicated, a complex patterns of groundwater flow systems can be developed around the Kongqi River, with streamlines linking different recharge and discharge zones, varying with the pumping intensity of groundwater in KRID.In the 1970s when the condition was close to a natural state, groundwater flow systems with north-to-south flow dominated the irrigation district, and the spatial pattern depended on hydrogeological parameters and recharge-discharge factors.There were possibly 1-4 flow systems discharge to the Kongqi River in the natural condition.Currently, groundwater is strongly exploited in the irrigation district, and groundwater flow systems are attracted by the groundwater withdrawal funnel with recharge from surrounding areas, cutting off the groundwater flow system with recharge from the leaking upper reaches of the Kongqi River and discharge into the middle-lower reaches.In the past 50 years, the projected area for groundwater flow systems of the phreatic evaporation discharge has decreased by 29%, while the projected area for groundwater flow systems of pumping discharge has increased from zero to 40% of the total model area.Phreatic evaporation plays an important role in supporting natural ecosystems.Therefore, groundwater exploitation should be controlled in the irrigation district, to maintain the development condition for groundwater flow systems of phreatic evaporation discharge.
- hydrogeology /
- groundwater exploitation /
- phreatic evaporation /
- groundwater flow modeling

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图 1 研究区位置图(a)和水文地质剖面图(b)

Figure 1. Location (a) and hydrogeological profile (b) of the study area

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图 2 研究区1960-2019年期间降水量、平均气温和径流量变化

Figure 2. Variations of annual precipitation, average air temperature and streamflow in the study area during 1960-2019

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图 3 模型侧向边界条件和1971年(a)和2019年(b)耕地及其编号分布图

Figure 3. Lateral boundary conditions and distribution/number of croplands in 1971 (a) and 2019 (b)

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图 4 潜水含水层(a)、弱透水层(b)和承压含水层(c)的渗透系数分区图(图中数值为分区编号)

Figure 4. Zoning plots of hydraulic conductivity in the unconfined aquifer (a), aquitard (b) and confined aquifer (c)

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图 5 1971(a)和2019年(b)地下水位观测点分布及模拟值与观测值对比图(c、d)

Figure 5. Distribution of observed groundwater level in 1971 (a) and 2019 (b), and the comparison between observed and simulated groundwater level in 1971 (c) and 2019 (d)

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图 6 1971年地下水流系统的平面投影图(a)和典型剖面图(b)

Figure 6. Spatial patterns of the groundwater flow system in 1971 exhibited with the projected plan (a) and typical profile (b)

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图 7 地下水流系统随潜水蒸发极限埋深的变化

Figure 7. Change in groundwater flow systems with varying extinction depth of phreatic evapration

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图 8 地下水流系统S11、S21、S31和S41的投影面积随最大蒸发强度(a)和渗透系数各项异性(b)的变化

Figure 8. Change in projection area of groundwater flow systems, S11, S21, S31 and S41, with varying values of the maximum evapotranspiration rate (a) and anisotropic ratio of hydraulic conductivities (b)

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图 9 2019年研究区地下水流系统空间结构(a)和典型区段剖面图(b)

Figure 9. Spatial patterns of the groundwater flow system in the study area (a) and typical profile (b) in 2019

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图 10 相对2019年不同地下水开采量的流动系统分布特征

Figure 10. Distribution features of groundwater flow systems under different groundwater extraction intensities compared to the 2019 level

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表 1 模型校正后水平渗透系数的分区值

Table 1. Best fitting values of horizontally hydraulic conductivity in each zone K/(m·d^-1)

	分区编号
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
潜水含水层	50	50	40	30	30	20	10	2	2
弱透水层	10	5	5	2	1	0.5	—	—	—
承压含水层	20	20	20	25	10	40	20	5	—

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同补给区和排泄区配对可能形成的地下水流系统编码

Table 2. Code number of groundwater flow systems with possible linking of different recharge and discharge zones

排泄类型	编号	侧向径流补给			河道渗漏补给			灌溉入渗补给	降水入渗补给
		北侧边界	西侧边界	东北边界	孔雀河上游	孔雀河中下游	塔里木河	灌溉入渗补给	降水入渗补给
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
孔雀河中下游溢出排泄	1	S11	S21	S31	S41	/	/	/	/
潜水蒸发排泄	2	S12	S22	S32	S42	S52	S62	S72	S82
东边界侧向径流排泄	3	/	S23	S33	/	S53	S63	S73	/
地下水开采排泄	4	S14	S24	S34	S44	S54	/	S74	/

下载: 导出CSV

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