Fine characterization of the reservoir space in deep ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability glutenite in Bozhong Sag
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摘要: 利用自动矿物定量识别系统（QEMSCAN）、二维大尺寸背散射图像拼接技术（MAPS）、多尺度微米CT、铸体薄片、恒速压汞等实验技术，对渤中凹陷深层孔店组特低孔特低渗砂砾岩储层的储集空间进行了二维、三维多尺度精细表征，并系统研究了砂砾岩储层渗流能力影响因素。实验结果显示，研究区砂砾岩孔隙毫米-微米-纳米级多尺度连续分布，孔隙度相对大的储层，孔径分布范围较宽，储层粒间原生孔、粒间溶蚀孔等大孔隙占比较高，粒内溶蚀孔、晶间孔占比较低。基于三维孔喉网络模型，孔隙主要半径分布区间为1.5~60 μm，喉道半径分布在0.5~8.0 μm之间，孔喉连通性的分布形态有条带状、连片状、孤立状，储集性较好的储层孔喉在三维空间多为连片状，渗透率相对较差的储层孤立状的大孔较多。孔隙型储层的渗透率与孔喉形态、喉道半径、配位数等参数密切相关。裂缝明显改善了砂砾岩的物性，也为酸性流体对储层的溶蚀提供了有效通道，导致溶蚀孔隙相对发育。综合研究认为，渤中凹陷深层砂砾岩储层的渗流能力受裂缝发育程度、孔喉连通性双重控制，储层中黏土矿物和碳酸盐矿物胶结对孔隙结构、储层渗流能力有重要影响。Abstract: With the application of automatic mineral quantitative identification system (QEMSCAN), modular automated processing system (MPAS), multi-scale micro CT, thin section identification, constant-rate mercury injection and other experimental techniques, the reservoir space in deep ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability glutenite of Kongdian Formation in the Bozhong Sag were characterized in two and three dimensions, and the influencing factors of the permeability of glutenite reservoir were studied in detail. The experimental results show that the glutenite in the study area has millimeter, micron and nanometer pores. For the samples with relatively large porosity, there are relatively more interparticle pores and interparticle dissolution pores in the reservoir. On the basis of the three-dimensional pore-throat network model, the most part of the pore radius ranges from 0.3 to 10 μm and the roar channel radius mainly ranges from 0.5 to 8.0 μm. The pore-throat distribution is mainly three forms: banded, contiguous and isolated. The pore throats of reservoirs with good reservoir properties are mostly continuous in three-dimensional space, and the reservoirs with relatively poor permeability contain more isolated large pores. The fluid mobility of porous reservoir is closely related to throat radius, pore-throat shape, coordination number and other parameters. Fractures improve the physical properties of glutenite obviously, and also provide a channel for the acid solution to the reservoir and promotes the formation of dissolution pores. Comprehensive study showed that the fluid flow of the glutenite in the Bozhong Sag is controlled by the fracture and the pore-throat connectivity. The cementation of clay and carbonate minerals in the reservoir has an important influence on the pore structure and permeability.
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图 1 渤中凹陷BZ-A-7井A2样品MAPS成像分析结果
Figure 1. MAPS imaging analysis results of sample A2 from Well BZ-A-7 of Bozhong Sag
图 2 渤中凹陷BZ-A-7井A2样品QEMSCAN分析结果
Figure 2. QEMSCAN analysis results of sample A2 from Well BZ-A-7 of Bozhong Sag
图 3 渤中凹陷孔店组砂砾岩储层储集空间类型
a.裂缝，全直径岩心, BZ-A-7井，4 532.30~4 532.47 m；b.裂缝和粒间大孔，旋转壁心, BZ-A-3井，3 944.00 m；c.粒间原生孔，单偏光, BZ-A-1井，3 595.00 m；d.粒间溶蚀孔，单偏光, BZ-A-1井，3 685.00 m；e.粒内溶蚀孔，单偏光, BZ-A-10井，4 427.57 m；f.铁白云石晶间孔，扫描电镜, BZ-A-3井，3 815.10 m；g.粒内裂隙，单偏光, BZ-A-10井，4 427.57 m；h.构造碎裂缝，MAPS，分辨率250 nm, BZ-A-7井，4 532.43 m；i.高岭石晶间孔，MAPS，分辨率250 nm, BZ-A-3井，3 850.47 m；j.粒间溶蚀孔，微米CT二维切片, BZ-A-7井，4 532.43 m；k.粒内溶蚀孔，微米CT二维切片, BZ-A-3井，4 050.29 m
Figure 3. Pore types of glutenite reservoir in Kongdian Formation of Bozhong Sag
图 5 渤中凹陷孔店组砂砾岩数字岩心对比
a.孔隙连通性模型，A1号样品, BZ-A-7井，4 532.43 m；b.孔隙连通性模型，A2号样品, BZ-A-7井，4 537.30 m；c.孔隙连通性模型，A3号样品, BZ-A-3井，3 850.47 m；d.孔隙连通性模型，A4号样品, BZ-A-3井，4 050.29 m；e.三维孔喉网络模型(球为孔隙，管为喉道)，A1号样品, BZ-A-7井，4 532.43 m；f.三维孔喉网络模型，A2号样品, BZ-A-7井，4 537.30 m；g.三维孔喉网络模型，A3号样品, BZ-A-3井，3 850.47 m；h.三维孔喉网络模型，A4号样品，BZ-A-3井，4 050.29 m
Figure 5. Micro-scale digital core model of glutenite in Kongdian Formation of Bozhong Sag
图 6 渤中凹陷孔店组砂砾岩CT扫描实验样品孔隙半径、喉道半径分布特征
Figure 6. Distribution characteristics of pore radius and throat radius of CT scanning experiment of glutenite in Kongdian Formation of Bozhong Sag
图 7 不同孔渗恒速压汞测试样品参数比对
Figure 7. Contrast of constant speed mercury injection test samples with different porosity and permeability
表 1 渤中凹陷BZ-A凝析气田孔店组砂砾岩数字岩心分析样品信息
Table 1. Digital core analysis of glutenite in Kongdian Formation of BZ-A condensate field, Bozhong Sag
样品编号 井号 取样深度/m 孔隙度/% 渗透率/(10-3μm2) 岩性 储层类型 A1 BZ-A-7 4 532.43 8.00 19.44 砂质砾岩 裂缝-孔隙型 A2 BZ-A-7 4 537.30 5.50 0.73 砂质砾岩 孔隙型 A3 BZ-A-3 3 850.47 13.20 1.86 砂质砾岩 孔隙型 A4 BZ-A-3 4 050.29 12.70 0.52 砂质砾岩 孔隙型 
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表 2 不同表征方法识别BZ-A构造孔隙类型的主要孔径分布范围
Table 2. Different methods to identify the main pore diameter distribution range of pore type in BZ-A structure
孔隙类型 铸体薄片/μm 扫描电镜/μm MAPS/μm 微米CT/μm 粒间原生孔 30~1 000 5~1 000 10~1 000 20~1 000 粒间溶蚀孔 30~600 5~600 10~600 20~600 粒内溶蚀孔 30~200 0.5~200 1~200 10~200 晶间孔 20~50 0.5~50 1~50 5~50
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表 3 基于QEMSCAN与MAPS叠加技术的孔隙类型面积百分比
Table 3. Pore type proportion based on QEMSCAN and MAPS superposition technology
样品编号 井号 取样深度/m 孔隙度/% 面孔率/% 裂缝占面孔率百分比/% 粒间孔百分比/% 晶间孔百分比/% 粒内溶孔百分比/% 粒内溶孔占总孔隙百分比/% 裂缝占总面孔率百分比/% A1 BZ-A-7 4 532.43 8.00 7.80 2.40 2.61 0.05 2.79 51.67 30.78 A2 BZ-A-7 4 537.30 5.50 5.12 0.44 1.97 0.70 2.71 57.91 8.59 A3 BZ-A-3 3 850.47 13.20 13.10 0.16 9.39 0.43 3.55 27.43 1.22 A4 BZ-A-3 4 050.29 12.70 12.40 0.20 9.26 1.56 2.94 24.10 1.61
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表 4 渤中凹陷BZ-A凝析气田孔店组砂砾岩CT扫描孔喉参数统计
Table 4. Statistics of pore and throat structure parameters of CT scanning experiment samples of glutenite in Kongdian Formation of Bozhong Sag
样品编号 井号 孔隙度/% 渗透率/(10-3μm2) 平均孔隙半径/μm 平均孔隙体积/mm3 平均喉道半径/μm 平均喉道体积/mm3 平均配位数 死孔隙占比/% A1 BZ-A-7 8.00 19.44 47.56 0.33×10-3 6.46 4.34×10-7 2.53 87.45 A2 BZ-A-7 5.50 0.73 34.47 0.12×10-3 3.33 1.07×10-6 2.65 86.76 A3 BZ-A-3 13.20 1.86 80.56 1.62×10-3 13.40 1.56×10-5 3.83 88.89 A4 BZ-A-3 12.70 0.52 121.10 5.57×10-3 3.85 1.61×10-6 2.92 89.30
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