Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation process of Hetaoyuan Formation in the northern gentle slope zone of Biyang Depression
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摘要: 为了深入了解油气分布规律，利用流体包裹体显微荧光光谱和显微测温以及一维盆地模拟的埋藏热历史，结合地震构造属性和沉积相分析，对泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带核桃园组油气运聚成藏过程进行了研究。结果显示北部缓坡带核桃园组第三段储层检测到橙黄色、黄绿色和蓝绿色3种颜色荧光油包裹体，反映了3幕不同成熟度的原油捕获。油包裹体的丰度和伴生盐水包裹体均一温度和埋藏史曲线表明，北部储层共存在两期三幕充注事件：第一期规模小，发生于断陷末期的相对低成熟度发橙黄色荧光油，第二期发生在中新世构造抬升期的相对高成熟度的黄绿色和蓝绿色荧光油。流体包裹体古压力模拟显示第二期油气充注时储层是超压状态，推测与当时的构造挤压有关。超压持续作用以及北部地层抬升造成与深凹带源岩增加的流体势差为第二期油气提供了强有力的动力；频繁的断层活动，特别是走滑断裂使得单一的砂体顺层输导转变为砂体顺层输导+断裂垂直输导的复合立体运移输导体系，使得原油以高效率运移到凹陷北部缓坡带。这对精细理解构造抬升控制油气大规模运聚具有重要的意义。Abstract: In order to understand the distribution of oil and gas, this paper studies the oil migration and accumulation process of Hetaoyuan Formation in the northern gentle slope zone of Biyang Depression using the micro-fluorescence spectrum and fluid inclusion and the burial-thermal history of one-dimensional basin simulation, combined with the analysis of seismic structural attributes and sedimentary facies. The results show that three kinds of fluorescent color oil inclusions, orange, yellow-green and blue-green, are detected in the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation in the northern gentle slope zone, reflecting three episodes of oil with different maturities. The abundance of oil inclusions and the homogenization temperature and burial history curve of associated aqueous inclusions indicate that there are two stages (three episodes) of filling events in the northern reservoir. The first stage was small in scale, and occurred in the relatively low maturity orange yellow fluorescent oil at the end of fault depression and the second stage appeared in the yellow green and blue green fluorescent oil with higher maturity at the end of Miocene tectonic uplift. The fluid overpressure in the second stage filling shown by the paleopressure simulation of fluid inclusions suggests its relation to the tectonic compaction. The continuous overpressure caused by compression and the fluid potential difference increasing with the source rocks in the deep depression caused by the uplift of the northern strata provide a strong driving force for the second stage of oil and gas. The frequent fault activities, especially strike slip faults, caused the transformation of a single sand body transport along the stratain to a composite transport system of sand body transport along the strata+fault vertical transport, leading to the quick migration of crude oil to the Northern gentle slope zone. It is important to understand the tectonic uplift control of oil and gas migration.
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图 1 泌阳凹陷区域构造位置和构造单元划分(A)及地层柱状简图(B)
Figure 1. Location and division of tectonic units of Biyang Depression (A) and stratigraphy (B)
图 2 泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带砂岩储层检测到不同成熟度的油包裹体
A1, B1, C1.透射光; A2, B2, C2.荧光; A3, B3, C3.显微荧光光谱；A1, A2, A3.穿石英裂纹呈黄色荧光油包裹体(泌175井油浸细砂岩，841.3 m)；B1, B2, B3.穿石英裂纹呈蓝绿色荧光的油包裹体(泌231井油浸细砂岩，1 090.5 m)；C1, C2, C3.穿石英裂纹呈蓝绿色荧光油包裹体(杨浅20井，809.4 m)
Figure 2. Oil inclusions with different maturities in sandstone reservoir in the northern gentle slope zone of Biyang Depression
图 3 泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带油包裹体显微荧光光谱图(A)及油包裹体荧光主峰波长λmax与光谱参数QF535关系图(B)
Eh33~6.核桃园组三段第3至6小层；Ed.大仓房组；①~③.油包裹体充注期次
Figure 3. Microfluorescence spectra (A) and the relationship between main peak wavelength of fluorescence λmax and QF535 (B) by the oil inclusions in the northern gentle slope zone of Biyang Depression
图 4 泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带检测到的油包裹体及盐水包裹体均一温度分布直方图
Figure 4. Homogenization temperature (Th) of fluid inclusions and oil inclusions in the northern gentle slope zone of Biyang Depression
图 5 泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带流体包裹体最小捕获压力热动力学模拟P-T相图
Figure 5. P-T phase diagram of minimum trapping pressure of fluid inclusions in the northern gentle slope zone of Biyang Depression
图 6 流体包裹体古压力系数-时间散点图
Figure 6. Paleo-pressure coefficient vs.timings of fluid inclusions
图 7 泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带泌231井的置信图(A)和埋藏史-热历史(B)
Figure 7. Calibration (A) and burial-thermal history (B) of the Well B231 in the northern gentle slope zone of Biyang Depression
图 8 泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带不同井的核三段储层中检测到不同幕次油的充注时间
Figure 8. Hydrocarbon accumulation period of the third-member Hetaoyuan Formation in the northern gentle slope zone of Biyang Depression
图 9 泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带的油气运移模式
Figure 9. Hydrocarbon migration model in the northern gentle slope zone of Biyang Depression
图 10 泌阳凹陷受基底走滑断裂活动形成张扭性走滑断裂带控制油气“线状”分布样式
Figure 10. "Linear" distribution pattern of hydrocarbon controlled by tension-torsional strike-slip fault zone in Biyang Depression
表 1 泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带核三段储层砂岩中检测的油包裹体及盐水包裹体的均一温度
Table 1. Th results of the oil inclusion and aqueous inclusion in sandstone reservoirs in the northern gentle slope zone of Biyang Depression
井号 深度/m 层位 宿主矿物及产状 类型 成因 Th/℃ 样品数 荧光颜色 B241 1 515.2~1 525.0 H33 粒间方解石胶结物 油 原生 111.9 1 橙黄色 盐水 93.9 粒间方解石胶结物 油 次生 161.0 1 蓝绿色 盐水 168.9 1 B134 1 138.4 H36 石英颗粒次生加大边 油 原生 81.7 1 蓝绿色 盐水 93.5 1 B228 1 062.5~1 063.2 H33 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 60.8 3 黄绿色 盐水 114.9 2 石英颗粒内裂纹 油 次生 71.9 1 橙黄色 盐水 70.4 3 B231 1 090.5 H36 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 66.9 6 蓝绿色 盐水 87.8 4 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 61.3 1 黄绿色 盐水 125.0 2 B175 841.3 H34 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 69.3 2 橙黄色 盐水 80.1 7 石英颗粒次生加大边 油 原生 104.5 1 橙黄色 盐水 83.8 1 YQ20 806.1~809.4 H35 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 蓝绿色 盐水 107.7 5 B121 784.6~788.4 H34 石英颗粒内裂纹 油 次生 81.1 2 蓝绿色 伴生盐水 88.4 2 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 72.3 1 黄绿色 盐水 87.6 1 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 64.7 2 黄绿色 盐水 96.7 3 
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表 2 泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带流体包裹体古压力模拟参数
Table 2. Paleopressure simulation parameters of fluid inclusions in the northern gentle slope zone of Biyang Depression
井编号 油包裹体产状 气液比/% 油包裹体均一温度/℃ 盐水包裹体均一温度/℃ 古压力/MPa 压力系数 B121 穿石英颗粒裂纹 4.82 72.3 93.3 26.72 1.25 YQ20 穿石英颗粒裂纹 4 78.5 106.4 19.21 1.03 YQ20 穿石英颗粒裂纹 4.2 85.5 106.4 19.46 1.05 B175 穿石英颗粒裂纹 6.33 64.7 78.2 18.34 1.15 B175 穿石英颗粒裂纹 0.35 73.8 90.7 26.17 1.38 B228 穿石英颗粒裂纹 2.5 56.3 63.6 95.67 1.06 B231 穿石英颗粒裂纹 16 56.6 87.8 23.01 1.41 B231 穿石英颗粒裂纹 14.5 59.6 81.4 19.91 1.37
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