Sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration potential of the upstream of the Central Canyon in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan Basins
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摘要: 深水油气勘探是近些年油气勘探取得重大发现的主要领域，我国已在琼东南盆地深水区中央峡谷体系中发现并成功开发了首个深水大气田——陵水17-2气田。为进一步扩大油气勘探成果，急需阐明中央峡谷源头区沉积特征及其油气勘探前景。基于在多口钻井约束下覆盖整个研究区的三维地震资料综合解释建立的等时地层格架，系统总结了中央峡谷体系的形成演化过程，及各演化阶段中央峡谷源头区的沉积体系类型、空间展布和沉积模式，进而结合研究区天然气成藏条件和成藏模式分析，讨论了中央峡谷源头区油气勘探前景。研究结果表明，中央峡谷源头区在黄流组发育了深水水道、陆架边缘三角洲和水道化扇等沉积体系，来源于印支地块、红河和海南岛等多物源区的沉积体系总体以重力流方式呈汇聚型向盆地深水区搬运，并最终汇聚于中央峡谷体系内。在中央峡谷源头区沉积的轴向水道、陆坡水道和水道化扇内发育了优质储层，因此，来自深部的天然气在具有以泥-流体底辟构造作为天然气输导通道的区域，有望聚集形成大型整装天然气藏。该研究成果不但丰富和完善了中央峡谷沉积体系的认识，而且对南海北部深水油气勘探具有重要实际价值。Abstract: Hydrocarbon discoveries have been mainly focused on deep water areas during the past decade. The f-irst gas field in deep water area, Lingshui 17-2, has been discovered and successfully developed in the Central Canyon system of the Qiongdongnan Basin. In order to further expand the hydrocarbon exploration, it is urgent to clarify the sedimentary characteristics in the source area of the Central Canyon and its hyrocarbon exploration prospects. Based on the integration between 3D seismic data covering the whole study area and many drillings, the stratigraphic framework is established and the formation and evolution process of the Central Canyon system is illustrated. Furthermore, the types of sedimentary system, distribution and sedimentary models in the source area of the Central Canyon are systematically summarized. Combined with the natural gas accumulation conditions and reservoir forming models in the study area, the prospect of hydrocarbon exploration in the source area of the Central Canyon is discussed. The results show that deep water channels, shelf-edge delta and channelized fan are developed in the Huangliu Formation in the source area of the Central Canyon system. The sediments from Indosinian, Red River and Hainan Island are transported to the deep water area of the basin in the form of gravity flow, and finally converge in the Central Canyon system. High quality reservoirs are developed in the axial channels, slope channels and channelized fans deposited in the source area of the Central Canyon system.Therefore, natural gas from the deep strata is expected to be migrated and accumulated into large scale gas filed along mud-fluid diapirs.
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图 1 莺琼盆地区及中央峡谷体系区域位置图
Figure 1. Geological location of the Central Canyon system in the Yinggehai and Qiongdannan Basins
图 2 莺琼盆地区层序地层划分及充填演化综合柱状图
Figure 2. Sequence stratigraphic framework and lithology in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins
图 3 A井所示黄流组二段低位体系域深水水道测井特征
(钻井位置见图 1)
Figure 3. Log characteristics of deep water channels in Well A showing the low-stand system tract of second member of Huangliu Formation
图 4 中央峡谷源头主要沉积类型地震反射特征
(地震剖面位置见图 1；FFS.初始海面)
Figure 4. Seismic profiles showing the sedimentary characteristics developed in the upstream of the Central Canyon system
图 5 中央峡谷源头黄流组沉积体系空间展布特征
Figure 5. Distribution of sedimentary systems of Huangliu Formation in the upstream of the Central Canyon system
图 6 中央峡谷源头汇聚型深水水道沉积模式
Figure 6. Sedimentary model of convergent channels in the upstream of the Central Canyon system
图 7 莺琼盆地区中央峡谷源头区天然气成藏模式
Figure 7. Accumulation model of natural gas in the upstream of the Central Canyon system, Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins
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