Micro-pore multifractal characteristics of Benxi Formation sandstone reservoir in Gaoqiao area, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 选取鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区上古生界本溪组11块砂岩样品，基于岩石薄片及扫描电镜分析储层岩性特征及孔隙结构特征，引入多重分型理论，对砂岩样品核磁共振T2分布数据进行了研究，探讨了砂岩储层孔隙多重分形特征，并分析了多重分形参数与砂岩孔隙结构参数、矿物组成及砂岩物性参数之间的关系。结果表明：本溪组砂岩多为石英砂岩及岩屑石英砂岩，石英体积分数63%~85%，平均71.45%；岩屑体积分数3%~17.5%，平均10.91%，不含长石，胶结物以高岭石（φB为3%~10%，平均6.3%）及碳酸盐（φB为0~9%，平均5.65%）为主。储层孔径分布具有多重分形特征，多重分形参数Dmin-Dmax介于1.16~1.83、Dmin/Dmax介于2.73~6.92、Δα介于1.37~4.33。研究表明，f（α）-α多重分形奇异谱及q-Dq广义多重分形参数均可用于定量评价储层。多重分形参数与石英含量及岩屑含量分别呈微弱正相关及负相关关系，与填隙物含量呈明显负相关关系。多重分形参数大小与储层渗流能力密切相关，随着渗透率不断增大，多重分形参数表现为先增大、后减小的趋势，因此，并非非均质性越小，储层越好，大量晶间孔的发育可降低储层非均质性，但也会大大制约储层渗流能力。相对较大孔隙发育，且未经过强烈压实、胶结等成岩作用改造，储层非均质性较弱的储层是油气勘探的有利区域。Abstract: Eleven sandstone samples from Benxi Formation of Upper Paleozoic in Gaoqiao area of Ordos Basin were selected.The lithological characteristics and pore structure characteristics of the reservoir were analyzed based on rock slices and scanning electron microscopy.The distribution data of nuclear magnetic resonance T2 of sandstone samples were studied by using multifractal theory.The pore multifractal characteristics of sandstone reservoir are discussed, and the relationship between multifractal parameters and pore structure parameters, mineral composition and physical properties of sandstone is analyzed.The results show that the sandstones of Benxi Formation are mostly quartz sandstones and lithic quartz sandstones, and the skeleton grains are mainly quartz (63%-85%, with an average of 71.45%)and lithic debris(3%-17.5%, with an average of 10.91%), without feldspar.The cements are mainly kaolinite(3%-10%, with an average of 6.3%) and carbonate cements(0-9%, with an average of 5.65%).The pore size distribution of sandstone reservoir shows obvious multifractal characteristics.The multifractal parameters, Dmin-Dmax, Dmin/Dmax and Δα is between 1.16-1.83, 2.73-6.92 and 1.37-4.33 respectively.Research shows that both α-f(α) multifractal singular spectrum and q-D(q) generalized multifractal parameters can be used to quantitatively characterize the heterogeneity of pore distribution of sandstone reservoirs.The multifractal parameters have weak positive correlation and negative correlation with quartz content and rock debris content respectively, and have obvious negative correlation with cements content.The multifractal parameters are closely related to the permeability of reservoir.With the permeability increasing, the multifractal parameters show the trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Therefore, it is not that the smaller the heterogeneity is, the better the reservoir is.The development of a large number of intercrystalline pores can reduce the heterogeneity of the reservoir, but also greatly restricts the permeability of the reservoir.Relatively large pores are developed and have not undergone strong compaction, cementation and other diagenetic transformation.Reservoirs with weak heterogeneity are favorable areas for oil and gas exploration.
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Key words:
- multifractal /
- pore structure /
- sandstone reservoir /
- Benxi Formation /
- Ordos Basin
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图 1 研究区地质概况
a.研究区位置; b.鄂尔多斯盆地本溪组地层综合柱状图
Figure 1. Geological settings of the study area
图 2 研究区本溪组砂岩储层孔隙类型
a.原生粒间孔及粒间溶孔, 陕468井, 本溪组, 3 181.42 m; b.粒间溶孔, 陕434井, 本溪组, 3 535.33 m; c.粒内溶孔, 统66井, 本溪组, 3 540.65 m; d.岩屑溶孔, 陕336井, 本溪组, 3 840.59 m; e.晶间孔, 陕338井, 本溪组, 3 763.17 m; f.微裂缝, 陕315井, 本溪组, 3 651.4 m
Figure 2. Pore types of sandstone reservoirs in Benxi Formation of the study area
图 3 样品100%饱和水状态下核磁共振T2谱
Figure 3. Nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectra of 100% saturated water samples
图 5 本溪组储层孔隙多重分形参数关系图
a.多重分形判别图；b.广义分形维数Dq与q的关系; c.质量指数函数τ(q)与统计矩的阶q的关系; d.多重分形奇异谱
Figure 5. Relationship diagram of pore multifractal parameters of Benxi Formation sandstone reservoir
图 6 多重分形维数Dq与核磁共振T2截止值相关关系图
Figure 6. Correlation diagram of multifractal dimension Dq and NMR T2
图 7 多重分形参数Dmin-Dmax、Dmin/Dmax及Δa与T2截止值相关关系图
Figure 7. Correlation diagram between T2C and multifractal parameters Dmin-Dmax, Dmin/Dmax, Δa
图 8 多重分形参数Dmin-Dmax、Dmin/Dmax及Δα与石英、岩屑及填隙物体积分数相关关系图
Figure 8. Correlation diagram between the reservoir component content (quartz, cuttings and interstitial) and multifractal parameters (Dmin-Dmax, Dmin/Dmax, Δa)
图 9 多重分形参数Dmin-Dmax、Dmin/Dmax及Δα与储层渗透率之间相关关系图
Figure 9. Correlation diagrambetween the reservoir porosity and multifractal parameters (Dmin-Dmax, Dmin/Dmax, Δa)
图 10 不同渗透率储层孔隙分布特征
a.高岭石晶间微孔, 陕338井, 本溪组, 3 763.17 m；b.粒间孔隙被伊利石等黏土矿物充填改造, 陕427井, 本溪组, 3 743.46 m.c.保存较好、形貌简单的粒间孔隙, 陕315井, 本溪组, 3 651.4 m
Figure 10. Pore distribution characteristics of reservoirs with different permeability
表 1 研究区本溪组砂岩储层岩石学特征
Table 1. Petrological characteristics of Benxi Formation sandstone reservoir in the study area
样号 层位 深度h/m 岩性 碎屑颗粒φB/% 填隙物φB/% 石英 长石 岩屑 高岭石 伊利石 碳酸盐 黄铁矿 其他 1# 晋祠 3 651.5 岩屑石英砂岩 71 0 10.0 9.0 2.0 4.0 2.5 1.5 2# 晋祠 3 652.7 岩屑石英砂岩 69 0 10.5 10.0 1.5 3.0 2.0 4.0 3# 晋祠 3 381.0 石英砂岩 81 0 4.0 4.5 2.0 7.0 1.0 0.5 4# 晋祠 3 383.3 岩屑石英砂岩 73 0 13.5 6.5 0.5 3.0 2.0 1.5 5# 晋祠 3 385.7 岩屑石英砂岩 64 0 13.0 4.0 4.0 9.0 4.0 2.0 6# 晋祠 3 386.2 岩屑石英砂岩 67 0 15.5 3.0 2.0 8.0 4.5 0 7# 畔沟 3 539.9 岩屑石英砂岩 63 0 16.5 8.0 4.0 6.0 1.0 1.5 8# 畔沟 3 541.0 岩屑石英砂岩 68 0 12.5 7.5 2.5 7.5 1.5 0.5 9# 畔沟 3 540.1 岩屑石英砂岩 63 0 17.5 5.5 3.5 9.0 0.5 1.0 10# 晋祠 3 028.6 石英砂岩 85 0 3.0 5.0 0 0 0 7.0 11# 晋祠 3 027.6 石英砂岩 82 0 4.0 7.0 0 0 0 7.0 
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表 2 储层物性及核磁共振分析结果
Table 2. Reservoir physical properties and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis results
样品号 φ气/% k气/10-3 μm2 岩性 φ水/% φ核磁/% T2截止值/ms 束缚水饱和度/% 可动水饱和度/% 1# 4.08 1.177 5 岩屑石英砂岩 3.92 3.84 10.40 41.92 58.08 2# 6.55 1.017 3 岩屑石英砂岩 3.75 3.56 2.98 42.91 57.09 3# 4.04 0.025 9 石英砂岩 4.54 4.49 53.23 72.45 27.55 4# 6.57 0.313 6 岩屑石英砂岩 7.15 7.02 64.85 42.94 57.06 5# 3.50 0.116 9 岩屑石英砂岩 3.25 2.84 4.82 27.96 72.04 6# 3.58 0.286 4 岩屑石英砂岩 3.38 3.26 16.01 50.98 49.02 7# 3.20 0.100 7 岩屑石英砂岩 3.24 2.86 7.79 71.19 28.81 8# 5.41 0.387 1 岩屑石英砂岩 5.74 5.46 8.39 64.36 35.64 9# 2.80 0.111 6 岩屑石英砂岩 2.62 2.50 4.64 63.28 36.72 10# 7.55 0.402 9 石英砂岩 8.10 7.95 25.54 41.33 58.67 11# 6.50 0.316 1 石英砂岩 6.75 6.54 40.01 38.02 61.98
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表 3 砂岩储层样品多重分形参数
Table 3. Multifractal parameters of sandstone reservoir samples
样品号 Dmin D-2 D-1 D0 D1 D2 Dmax Dmin-Dmax Dmin/Dmax Δa 1# 3.02 2.22 1.71 1.00 0.86 0.82 0.75 2.28 4.04 2.61 2# 2.90 2.14 1.65 0.98 0.87 0.85 0.81 2.09 3.57 2.40 3# 3.20 2.21 1.72 0.92 0.73 0.67 0.60 2.6 5.33 2.71 4# 4.48 3.29 2.45 0.93 0.78 0.72 0.65 3.83 6.92 4.33 5# 1.84 1.38 1.14 0.88 0.79 0.75 0.67 1.16 2.73 1.37 6# 3.22 2.35 1.76 0.93 0.71 0.63 0.55 2.68 5.91 3.03 7# 2.60 1.91 1.46 0.92 0.80 0.74 0.65 1.94 3.97 2.23 8# 2.69 1.99 1.54 0.93 0.79 0.72 0.64 2.05 4.22 2.35 9# 2.87 2.14 1.67 1.00 0.84 0.80 0.72 2.16 4.01 2.47 10# 3.23 2.41 1.86 0.87 0.59 0.56 0.52 2.71 6.22 3.05 11# 2.97 2.18 1.65 0.77 0.62 0.58 0.53 2.44 5.63 2.76
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