Research progress of earth exploration technologies based on distributed acoustic sensing
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摘要:
作为一种长距离、分布式、实时监测的新型光纤传感技术, 分布式声波传感技术自问世以来便受到了广泛关注。近年来, 研究者们围绕DAS技术展开了大量探索性试验, 并在大地探测领域取得了重要进展。从DAS工作原理出发, 阐述了DAS的基本概念, 对比了地震仪和DAS仪器的性能; 之后通过回顾数个具有代表性的试验, 详细介绍了DAS在油气勘探、天然地震观测、结构成像等大地探测领域的应用进展, 最后总结了基于DAS的大地探测技术体系当前存在的瓶颈, 分析了该技术体系今后的发展趋势。
Abstract:As a new type of fiber optic sensing technology for long-distance, distributed and real-time monitoring, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has been a wide concern since its initiation. Compared with the traditional seismic wave sensing system (node array, geophone, seismometer), DAS has the advantages of high spatial sampling density, wide measurement range, and strong environmental adaptability (anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, waterproof).Recently, researchers have carried out a large number of exploratory experiments around DAS technology and made important progress in the field of earth exploration.This paper reviews the latest research on the application of DAS technology for earth exploration. Starting from theworking concept of DAS, the basic concept of DAS is elaborated, and the performance of DAS and seismometer is fully compared.And we introduce the applications of DAS in oil and gas exploration, seismic observation, and structural imagingby reviewing several representative experiments. Finally, this paper summarizes the current bottleneck of the earth exploration technological system based on DAS and analyzes the development trends in the future.
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图 1 DTS、BOTDA、OFDR和DAS技术近10年的论文发表量
Figure 1. Trend of publications related to DTS, BOTDA, OFDR and DAS in the past 10 years
图 2 2011-2020年期间DAS论文标题及摘要中出现的高频术语共现图谱
Figure 2. Co-occurrence spectrum of high-frequency terms appearing in the titles and abstracts of DAS papers from 2011 to 2020
图 6 应变地震仪和摆式地震仪对不同方向入射地震波的响应情况
(据文献[23]修改)
Figure 6. Response of strain seismometer and pendulum seismometer to incident seismic waves in different directions
图 10 DAS阵列记录的一次5.8级地震事件(红色/蓝色色标)，黑线为附近宽频带地震仪的观测记录
(据文献[11]修改)
Figure 10. Record of DAS array on the 5.8 magnitude earthquake(red/blue color scale), the black line is the record of nearby broad band seismometer
图 11 相同位置不同时间的剪切波波速变化情况
(据文献[80]修改)
Figure 11. Shear wave velocity changes at different times in the same location, and the black arrow in the figure indicates the approximate location of the basement
表 1 DAS采集和常规VSP采集对比
Table 1. Comparison between DAS and conventional VSP acquisition
类别 DAS采集 常规VSP采集 传感元件 光缆 检波器 采样间隔 分米级 10~20 m 采集范围 全井段采集 部分井段采集 井况要求 可适应不同井况 对井况要求高 安装效率 高效安装 安装费力 
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