Prospecting model and metallogenic prediction of the Jinchangzi gold deposit in the Weiningbeishan area, Ningxia
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摘要:
卫宁北山地区位于北祁连造山带东段，是宁夏境内金多金属矿床成矿条件最好、成矿迹象最多的地区之一，其中金场子金矿是该地区已知最大的金矿床。在归纳该区近年来找矿成果基础上，对金场子金矿床控矿因素、找矿标志和深部矿化规律进行了总结，构建了基于地-物-化多要素的综合找矿模型，并对矿区及外围、深部找矿靶区进行了圈定。研究表明：金场子金矿控矿因素主要为构造和地层，其中控矿构造表现为东西向断裂、北东向断裂及其次生裂隙为主，控矿地层表现为特定的地层层位及岩性组合。赤铁矿-褐铁矿化、硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化、黄钾铁矾化等围岩蚀变，Au-Ag-As-Sb化探组合异常以及中电阻率、中-高极化率地球物理异常为该区主要找矿标志。综合控矿因素和找矿标志，构建了矿区金矿综合找矿模型，并以此圈定地表找矿靶区6处，并进一步根据矿化深部变化规律圈定深部找矿靶区3处。通过对矿区及外围靶区开展地球化学剖面测量以及深部靶区钻探工作，验证了此次靶区圈定的合理性，为今后该地区找矿工作起到了很好的示范作用。
Abstract:The Weiningbeishan area in the eastern section of the North Qilian orogenic belt is one of the areas with the best metallogenic conditions and the most metallogenic signs of gold polymetallic deposits in Ningxia. In recent years, the Jinchangzi gold deposit is one of the breakthroughs in exploration work in this area. Based on the previous data, this paper summarizes the ore-controlling factors and prospecting indicators of the Jinchangzi gold deposit. A multielement comprehensive prospecting model based on geological-geophysical-geochemical prospecting was constructed, and the mining area and surrounding prospecting target areas were delineated. The research shows that the ore-controlling factors of the Jinchangzi gold deposit are mainly stratigraphic and structural. Stratigraphic factor is mainly manifested in specific strata and lithological combinations, and structural factor is mainly controlled by east-west regional faults and their secondary fissures. Hematitization-limonitization, silicification, sericitization, pyritization, jarosite alteration and other surrounding rock alterations, Au-Ag-As-Sb geochemical anomalies, and medium resistivity and medium-high polarizability anomalies are the main prospecting indicators in this area. Based on ore-controlling factors and prospecting indicators, a comprehensive gold prospecting model suitable is proposed for this area. 6 prospecting target areas and 3 deep prospecting target areas are delineated based on this model. Through the geochemical profile and the deep drilling of the target area, the rationality of target area has been confirmed, providing a well tool for future prospecting work in this area.
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图 6 金场子金矿床围岩蚀变特征
a.断裂带内强烈硅化-褐铁矿化；b.绢云母化与硅化、黄铁矿(已氧化)化、碳酸盐化伴生；c.节理中发生碳酸盐化；d.围岩裂隙发生重晶石化
Figure 6. Alteration characteristics of the surrounding rock in the Jinchangzi gold deposit
图 7 金场子矿区及外围地质-物探异常图
Figure 7. Geological-geophysical anomaly map of the Jinchangzi gold deposit and surrounding areas
图 8 金场子矿区及外围地质-化探异常图
Figure 8. Geological-geochemical anomaly map of the Jinchangzi gold deposit and surrounding areas
图 9 金场子金矿区及外围成矿预测图
Figure 9. Metallogenic prognostic map of the Jinchangzi gold deposit and surrounding areas
图 10 PM09地质地球化学剖面(红线表示达到了异常品位，蓝色表示达到了边界品位)
Figure 10. Geological and geochemical map of the PM09 profile(red line represents the abmormal grade, and blue line represents the base grade)
图 11 金场子金矿床矿体三维模型
a.三维模型；b.矿体三维模型(纵投影方向)；c.矿体三维模型(俯瞰方向)；d.断裂三维模型; JKHT2.矿化体编号
Figure 11. 3D ore body model of the Jinchangzi gold deposit
图 12 金场子金矿深部找矿靶区预测模型
Figure 12. Prediction model for deep target areas in the Jinchangzi gold deposit
图 13 金场子金矿床25勘探线钻孔验证结果
Figure 13. Drilling results confirmed by the No.25 exploration line in the Jinchangzi gold deposit
表 1 金场子矿区及外围石炭系不同岩性Au、Ag质量分数特征
Table 1. Composition of Au and Ag contents of the Carboniferous in different lithologies in the Jinchangzi gold deposit and the surrounding areas
位置 样本名称 样本数量 Au Ag 均值wB/10-9 变化系数/% 均值wB/10-9 变化系数/% 矿区外围[6] 砂岩类 196 0.3 1.33 79.2 1.05 泥岩类 27 0. 5 0.80 130.3 0.98 灰岩类 21 0. 4 1.00 60.4 0.60 页岩类 54 1.4 2.21 112.9 0.52 矿区[14] 砂岩类 225 23.1 1.52 251.9 1.06 泥岩类 28 39.3 1.30 294.6 0.78 灰岩类 82 16.1 0.88 372 0.61 闪长玢岩 4 10.8 0.46 210 0.56 构造岩 38 152 1.49 793.6 0.81 构造破碎带(金矿化带)[14] 砂岩类 38 97.1 1.47 572.6 0.86 泥岩类 40 238.2 1.10 623.2 0.75 灰岩类 29 0.20 0.83 160.3 0.90 构造岩类 17 4.10 0.37 1 601 0.58 铁矿石类 5 1.90 1.16 793.5 0.56 华北地台大陆地壳[18] 1 57 
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表 2 金场子矿区及外围岩矿石电性参数
Table 2. Electrical parameters of rock and ore in the Jinchangzi gold deposit and surrounding areas
岩(矿)石名称 块数 ηs/% ηs均值/% ρs/(Ω·m) ρs均值/(Ω·m) 中粒石英砂岩 12 0.05~3.48 0.40 37.8~778.1 310.4 细粒石英砂岩 59 0.01~1.84 0.19 14.2~800.4 208.9 泥质粉砂岩-粉砂岩 82 0~1.48 0.95 10.8~632.5 ＞100 粉砂质泥岩-泥岩 20 0.08~6.70 0.52 14.7~325.3 68.4 灰岩、白云质灰岩及砂质灰岩 26 0~0.62 0.12 79.5~107.2 236.5 闪长玢岩 18 0.12~0.63 0.30 34.8~191.3 77.3 赤-褐铁矿 16 0.04~1.75 0.28 45.0~459.8 261.5 构造角砾岩 21 0~1.03 0.16 10.7~478.0 73.0 方铅矿 16 0.09~30.14 3.18 3.9~277.2 104.5 黄铁矿化粉砂岩 10 0.27~8.09 2.61 18.9~132.0 40.2 黄铁矿 5 8.09~50.18 24.15 4.0~118.9 15.4 碳质中细粒石英砂岩及烟煤 17 7.63~50.39 23.00 3.3~43.5 3.8 黄铁矿化炭质粉砂岩 15 6.00~40.66 15.85 3.2~132.5 14.8
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表 3 金场子金矿床综合找矿模型
Table 3. Ore prospecting model of the Jinchangzi gold deposit
模型要素 要素具体特征 控矿因素 构造 主要控矿断裂为EW向断裂，重点关注石炭系内层间断裂以及石炭系和泥盆系界面断裂；其次为NE向断裂。EW向与NE向断裂交汇部位往往造成矿体局部富集 地层 主要成矿有利层位为下石炭统前黑山组，次为下石炭统臭牛沟组和上泥盆统中宁组 岩性 韧、脆性岩石接触界面以及硅、钙岩性界面易成矿，一般为灰岩与泥岩或粉砂质泥岩界面、硅化石英砂岩与泥岩界面、灰岩内粉砂岩、泥岩夹层、钙铁质粉砂岩与泥岩界面 找矿标志 矿化露头 铁帽 围岩蚀变 原生蚀变为黄铁矿化、硅化、碳酸盐化、重晶石化、高岭土化、明矾石化、绢云母化、钠长石化，次生氧化为褐铁矿化、赤铁矿化、黄钾铁矾化、孔雀石化 地球物理 中电阻率中-高极化率异常一般为矿化所致，低电阻率高极化率一般为炭质岩石引起 地球化学 1∶10 000岩石地球化学测量中异常强度大，分布范围广的Au-Ag-As-Sb组合化探异常区域；地球化学剖面及路线调查捡块样中有金异常级别以上品位显示
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表 4 找矿靶区成矿地质条件及潜力评价
Table 4. Metallogenic geological conditions and potential evaluation of the prospecting target area
靶区编号 成矿地质条件 潜力评价 Ⅰ-1 出露地层主要为下石炭统前黑山组；有利控矿界面(灰岩与泥岩-粉砂岩界面，以及粗-细砂岩与泥岩-粉砂岩接触界面)多次出现；位于EW向和NE向断裂交汇部位的东侧附近 具有有利的控矿层位和岩性组合，断裂构造发育，是有利的热液运移通道和就位场所；中阻高极化率物探异常(Dη-3)和Au-Ag-As-Sb组合化探异常(No.2)套合较好；该地区可作为下一步找矿工作的重点区 Ⅰ-2 出露地层主要为下石炭统前黑山组和臭牛沟组，有利控矿界面(灰岩与泥岩-粉砂岩界面，以及粗-细砂岩与泥岩-粉砂岩接触界面)多次出现，有EW向和NE向断层交汇，EW向断裂主要控制矿体走向，地表和已有钻孔均显示层间破碎带发育 具有有利的控矿层位、构造和岩性组合，中阻高极化率物探异常(Dη-5)和Au-Ag-As-Sb组合化探异常(No.2)套合较好，钻孔已揭露出多条矿(化)体；该地区可作为下一步找矿工作的重点区 Ⅱ-1 出露地层主要为下石炭统前黑山组和臭牛沟组，有利控矿界面(灰岩与泥岩-粉砂岩界面，以及粗-细砂岩与泥岩-粉砂岩接触界面)多次出现，近EW向层间断层发育 靠近Dη-3物探异常，Au-As-Sb组合化探异常(No.3)分布范围较小，但浓集中心较明显；有利的地层层位和岩性组合，地表“铁帽”发育；该地区具有较大找矿潜力 Ⅱ-2 出露地层主要为下石炭统前黑山组，岩性组合为灰岩与泥岩-粉砂岩，EW向和NE向断层发育，地表和已有钻孔显示层间破碎带发育 有利的地层层位和岩性组合，位于Au-Ag-As-Sb组合化探异常(No.2)范围内，具有一定的找矿潜力 Ⅱ-3 出露地层为下石炭统前黑山组和上泥盆统中宁组，发育泥盆系与石炭系界面断裂，近EW向与NE向断层在该地段交汇 位于Au-Ag-As-Sb组合化探异常(No.1)和中阻高极化率物探异常(Dη-2)范围内，具有一定的找矿潜力 Ⅱ-4 出露地层主要为下石炭统前黑山组和臭牛沟组，具有有利的地层层位和岩性组合，NE及NW向断裂发育 地表无化探显示，无矿化及围岩蚀变现象，但该区中阻高极化率物探异常(Dη-4)明显，可能具有一定的找矿潜力
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