Deformation and evolution of large dumping bodies based on SBAS-InSAR and optical remote sensing images
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摘要:
岷江流域深层不稳定斜坡发育, 揭示它们的变形演化特征对于稳定性评价和灾害防治有重要意义。以茂县梯子槽大型倾倒变形体为例, 采用SBAS-InSAR监测和光学遥感解译结合的方法, 获得变形体地表历史时序形变场。研究表明, 梯子槽倾倒变形体前缘表现为垮塌破坏和鼓胀裂解复合破坏模式, 垮塌区经历了形变由递增到减弱的破坏过程; 在递增阶段倾倒变形体北侧形变量远大于南侧, 而形变减弱后在南侧后缘形成了拉应力沉降区(-70.17 mm/a)、前缘因挤压应力集中而鼓胀裂解(-45.94 mm/a); 形变减弱后变形体处于蠕变状态(年最大沉降量小于80 mm), 但南侧后缘拉陷区与北侧前缘垮塌区形变对降雨和地震响应明显, 表现为5~15 mm形变突增和回弹现象。本研究地表位移监测方法可以为形变量级跨度较大的不稳定斜坡演化分析提供参考。
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关键词:
- 倾倒变形体 /
- SBAS-InSAR /
- 光学遥感影像追踪解译 /
- 地震降雨敏感性
Abstract:Objective Deep unstable slopes develop in the Minjiang River Basin, and revealing their deformation evolution characteristics is of great significance for stability evaluation and disaster prevention.
Methods In this study, taking the large-scale dumping deformation body of the ladder slot in Maoxian as an example, and the method of combining SBAS-InSAR monitoring and optical remote sensing interpretation was used to obtain the historical time series deformation field of the deformable body surface.
Results The research shows that the leading edge of the collapsed deformed body of the ladder trough exhibits a composite failure mode of collapse failure and bulging cracking, and the collapse area has experienced a failure process from increasing deformation to weakening; in the increasing stage, the deformation amount on the north side of the dump deformer is much larger than that on the south side. After the deformation weakened, a tensile stress settlement zone (-70.17 mm/a) formed on the trailing edge of the south side, and the leading edge bulged and cracked (-45.94 mm/a) due to the concentration of compressive stress. After the deformation weakened, the deformed body was in a creep state (the maximum annual settlement was less than 80 mm), but the deformation of the south trailing edge collapse area and the north leading edge collapse area responded obviously to rainfall and earthquakes, showing a sudden increase of 5-15 mm deformation and a rebound phenomenon.
Conclusion The surface displacement monitoring method in this paper can provide a reference for the evolution analysis of unstable slopes with large deformation level spans.
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图 2 南北侧复合变形过程剖面示意图
Figure 2. Cross-sectional schematic diagram of the composite deformation process on the north and south sides
图 4 梯子槽倾倒变形体地质剖面图
Figure 4. Geological profile of the Tizicao dumping deformation body
图 6 石大关乡2014-2020年逐月降雨量
Figure 6. Monthly rainfall in Shidaguan Township from 2014 to 2020
图 7 卫星监测与GNSS监测几何示意图
Figure 7. Geometric diagram of satellite monitoring and GNSS monitoring
图 10 历史多期次光学影像(图中箭头指向拉裂缝位置，虚线圆圈指示崩塌区域)
a.2010年1月9日WorldView-2影像；b.2011年3月17日Geoeye-1影像；c.2016年1月9日WorldView-2影像；d.2019年10月23日Pleiades-A影像
Figure 10. Historical multi phase optical images
图 11 2010/01/09-2019/10/23变形体地表道路形变图
Figure 11. Map of road surface deformation from January 9, 2010 to October 23, 2019
图 12 2018-2019年年平均形变速率及形变监测点布置概况图
Figure 12. Annual average velocity and deformation monitoring points layout overview from 2018 to 2019
图 13 剖面I-I′与II-II′选点累计形变图
Figure 13. Cumulative deformation diagram of selected points at I-I′ and II-II′ sections
图 14 形变减弱阶段变形体区域累计形变时序图
Figure 14. Time sequence diagram of the cumulative deformation of the deformed body region in the deformation weakens stage
图 17 SBAS-InSAR与GNSS监测ALOS向累计形变序列图
Figure 17. Sequence diagram of SBAS-InSAR and GNSS monitoring ALOS direction cumulative deformation
图 18 2018/01/02-2019/12/11 I-I′与II-II′剖面SBAS-InSAR监测选点时序形变和对应降雨量
Figure 18. SBAS-InSAR point selection time series deformation and the corresponding rainfall at I-I′ and II-II′ sections from January 2, 2018 to December 11, 2019
图 19 2018/01/02-2019/12/11 I-I′与II-II′剖面SBAS-InSAR监测选点时序形变与对应地震
Figure 19. Time series deformation and the corresponding earthquakes of SBAS-InSAR monitoring points at I-I′ and II-II′ sections from January 2, 2018 to December 11, 2019
表 1 光学遥感影像参数
Table 1. Image parameters of optical remote sensing
序号 影像拍摄时间 卫星名称 分辨率/m 1 2010/01/09 WorldView-2 0.48 2 2011/03/17 Geoeye-1 0.44 3 2016/01/09 WorldView-2 0.48 4 2019/10/23 Pleiades-A 0.50 
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表 2 不同形变分区选点详细情况
Table 2. Details of selected points at different deformation zones
编号 点号 经度/(°) 纬度/(°) 年平均形变速率/(mm·a-1) 1 159239 103.677 37 31.889 311 -5.15 2 165054 103.679 24 31.889 102 -29.35 3 171514 103.681 33 31.889 102 -52.59 4 175390 103.682 99 31.889 102 -76.43 5 188956 103.686 95 31.889 102 -1.17 6 159897 103.677 58 31.886 811 -22.00 7 167649 103.680 08 31.886 811 -70.17 8 172817 103.681 74 31.886 811 -58.68 9 179923 103.684 03 31.886 811 -45.94 10 187029 103.686 33 31.886 811 -1.53
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表 3 GNSS与SBAS-InSAR监测结果相关性
Table 3. Correlation table between GNSS and SBAS-InSAR monitoring results
监测站点 点1 点2 点3 点4 点5 双侧显著性 1.358 9×10-17 5.561 7×10-16 7.031 9×10-16 1.062 8×10-16 3.852 6×10-14 皮尔逊相关性 0.967 0.957 0.956 0.962 0.940
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