Characteristics and process of the final breakup of the crustal lithosphere at the V-shaped tip of the Southwest Subbasin in South China Sea
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摘要:
为了明确南海西南次海盆V型尖端地壳岩石圈发生最终裂解的特征及其演化过程，通过精细的构造解释、断层活动性定量分析、不同构造演化阶段盆地原型分析、沉降速率分析、沉降史模拟等方法综合分析表明，南海西南次海盆V型尖端临界破裂区为远端带和洋陆转换带构成的地壳岩石圈强烈伸展区，依据地壳岩石圈几何形态，该区域可进一步划分为箱型域和楔型域。楔型域内盆地原型可划分为断陷盆地（Tb-SD）、拆离盆地（SD-PD）和拗陷盆地（PD-Bi）；箱型域在古新世-渐新世（Tb-SD）盆地原型为断陷盆地，之后该区域进入被动沉降期。新生代以来，南海西南次海盆V型尖端在构造演化过程中，盆地沉降中心由陆向洋方向逐渐迁移，岩浆作用在断拗转换幕发育最强烈，致使岩石圈地壳最终发生裂解。区域资料对比分析表明，南海西南次海盆V型尖端在不同构造带内，盆地构造-地层格架具有差异性，且南海西南次海盆V型尖端经历"双拆离作用"后地壳发生破裂，岩浆侵入，形成原洋洋壳。该认识对南海西南部深水盆地内油气勘探具有重大指示意义。
Abstract:To clarify the final breakup characteristics of the crustal lithosphere at the tip of the Southwest Subbasin in South China Sea and its evolution stages, this paper interpreted 2D deep seismic lines and analyzed the fault activities, the proto-basin type in different stages, the rates of subsidence and the history of tectonic and subsidence evolutions. It was clear that the distal domain and ocean continental transition consist of the final breakup zone of continental lithosphere at the tip of southwest South China Sea. According to the shape of the crust, this final breakup zone could be subdivided into a box domain, wedge domain and proto-oceanic domain. The basins within the wedge-shaped domain had been divided into the rifting basin (Tg-Sd), the detachment basin (Sd-Pd), and the sag basin (Pd-Bi). The basins within the box-shaped domain were of the rifting type from the Paleocene to Oligocene (Tg-Sd) and then transitioned to the passive sedimentation stage. From the Cenozoic, the sedimentation center on the tip of the Southwest Subbasin migrated from continental to ocean during the tectonic evolution of this region. The magmatism developed strongly and finally broke up the continental crust. The comparison of high-resolution seismic data showed that the tectono-sediments and magma type were different within different domains at the V-shape tip of the Southwest Subbasin. The continental crust of the research area broke apart after the "double detachment faulting". Then, the magma came in and formed the proto-oceanic crust. The research in this paper was of great value for oil and gas exploration in the deep-water basin in the southwest South China Sea.
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图 4 岩石圈临界破裂区的相关概念和构造单元划分方案
Figure 4. Related concepts and tectonic domains at the critical breakup zone of the lithosphere
图 5 横跨西南次海盆V型尖端地震测线A
a. 时间剖面；b. 素面剖面及解释的一级界面：盆地基底和Moho面；c. 对测线A的地层、构造、基底属性及沉积序列的解释方案；d. 测线A的深度转换剖面及不同构造单元带的一级划分：箱型域、楔形域，原洋洋壳域，以及这些不同构造单元带之间的边界WB
Figure 5. Seismic line A at the V-shaped tip of the Southwest Subbasin
图 6 测线A的部分素剖面、素描图及解释方案(位置见图 5-a)
Figure 6. Seismic line, time line drawing and interpretation of part of Line A
图 7 测线B的时间剖面和素描图及解释方案(位置见图 1)
Figure 7. Time profile, time line drawing and interpretation of part of Line B
图 8 南海西南部Line C沉降史模拟图
Figure 8. Simulation map of the subsidence history of Line C in southwestern South China Sea
图 9 南海西南部测线C在不同构造单元带内的构造演化阶段、断层活动性和沉降速率
Figure 9. Tectonic stages, fault activities and subsidence rate of Line C within different domains in southwestern South China Sea
图 10 横跨南海西南部V型尖端剖面演化过程
Figure 10. Evolution process of the profile approaching the V-shaped tip of the SW Subbasin in Southwestern South China Sea
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