陆地地质环境微塑料污染研究现状与展望

朱丽萍; 陶雪晴; 万愉快; 何稼; 李明东

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220353

陆地地质环境微塑料污染研究现状与展望

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220353

朱丽萍^{1, 2,},
陶雪晴³,
万愉快⁴,
何稼⁵,
李明东^3, ,

1.
东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室, 南昌 330013
2.
东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 南昌 330013
3.
东华理工大学土木与建筑工程学院, 南昌 330013
4.
宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院, 银川 750021
5.
河海大学土木与交通工程学院, 南京 210098

基金项目:

核资源与环境国家重点实验室开放基金项目 2022NRE29

国家自然科学基金项目 52168043

江西省创新领军人才(李明东)

详细信息

作者简介:
朱丽萍(1981—), 女, 实验师, 主要从事环境地质方面的教学与科研工作。E-mail: zlp1123@ecut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李明东(1981—), 男, 教授, 主要从事岩土工程方面的教学与科研工作。E-mail: ytlimd@163.com

中图分类号: X52
计量
- 文章访问数: 303
- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-14
- 录用日期: 2022-08-29
- 修回日期: 2022-08-21

Microplastic contamination in terrestrial geoenvironments: Review and outlook

Zhu Liping^{1, 2
,},
Tao Xueqing³,
Wan Yukuai⁴,
He Jia⁵,
Li Mingdong^{3
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
2.
School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
3.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
4.
School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
5.
College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

摘要

摘要:
陆地地质环境中的微塑料污染日渐广泛和严重, 受到科学界的广泛关注, 但研究尚处于起步阶段。对近5年微塑料研究的国际文献进行了综述, 从来源与组成、迁移和环境影响3个方面进行了梳理和总结, 并提出了下一步研究建议。近期研究发现陆地地质环境中的微塑料主要来源于垃圾填埋场、农业面源污染、污水处理系统和交通运输系统, 不同来源的微塑料存在显著差异, 具有时空变异性。微塑料会随土体人为扰动、土内生物活动在土体内迁移, 还可能渗入地下水并借助渗流迁移, 或悬浮到大气中并借助风力迁移, 颗粒越小越容易迁移。微塑料使土体黏聚力增加、孔隙率降低、孔隙尺度减小、空气循环减少、保水能力提高, 微塑料中强水溶性添加剂的渗出会造成地质体次生污染。微塑料对植物生长、动物消化、微生物活性存在不利影响, 会诱发人类能量和脂质代谢紊乱、氧化应激和呼吸系统疾病。微塑料污染地质体修复仍处于起步阶段, 仅在少量室内试验中发现了微生物降解和生物修复的效果。综上, 微塑料污染广泛存在, 且对生物和人类健康带来诸多不利影响。面向未来, 尚需探明微塑料对陆地生态系统中营养传输的影响、微塑料添加剂在地质体中的迁移和降解规律, 研发更高效便捷的微塑料定量检测方法, 制定全球统一的测试和评价标准, 将微塑料检测列入污染土检测项目, 研发高效的微塑料污染地质体修复方法。
- 地质体 /
- 微塑料 /
- 陆地 /
- 污染 /
- 迁移 /
- 环境 /
- 健康
Abstract: Significance
The increasingly widespread and serious microplastic contamination in terrestrial geoenvironments(CMTG)has received much attention. However, studies on CMTG are still in the initial stage. This paper reviews the international literature on CMTG in the last five years.The sources, composition, migration and environmental impacts of CMTG are summarized, and an outlook is presented.
Progress
The results of the study demonstrate that the main sources of CMTG include landfills, agricultural nonpoint sources, sewage treatment systems, and transportation systems.The composition of CMTG presents significant temporal and spatial variability depending on the sources. The migration pathways of CMTG include human disturbance to soil, biological activities in soil, groundwater seepage, and wind transportation of suspended particles. The smaller the particles, the easier they migrate. CMTG has many influences on geological bodies, including increasing cohesion, decreasing porosity and pore size, decreasing air circulation, and increasing water retention capacity. Moreover, secondary pollution of geological bodies may be caused by effusion of the water-soluble additives in CMTG. Adverse effects of CMTG on plant growth, animal digestion and microbial activity have been found. For humans, energy induction, lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress and respiratory diseases induced by CMTG are well understood.
Conclusions and outlooks
In summary, CMTG is widespread and has many adverse effects on biological and human health. In the future, the effects of CMTG on nutrient transport in terrestrial ecosystems and the migration and degradation of CMTG additives in terrestrial geological bodies should be investigated, efficient and convenient quantitative detection methods for CMTG should be developed, global unified evaluation standards should be established, detection of CMTG should be listed in the detection project of contaminated soils, and efficient remediation methods for microplastic-contaminated geological bodies should be developed.
- geological body /
- microplastic /
- land /
- contamination /
- migration /
- environment /
- health
注释:

(所有作者声明不存在利益冲突)

HTML全文

图 1 陆地地质环境中微塑料的主要来源和路径

Figure 1. Main sources and pathways of microplastics in terrestrial geological environments

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 陆地地质环境中微塑料的迁移示意图

Figure 2. Schematic represention of CMTG migrations

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 陆地地质环境中微塑料的环境影响示意图

Figure 3. Schematic representation of the environmental impact of CMTG

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 典型陆地地质环境中微塑料的组成情况

Table 1. Composition of microplastics in typical terrestrial geological environments

场地	城市	粒径/μm	平均浓度	主要成分	主要形状
垃圾填埋场垃圾^[7]	中国上海	20~5 000	39 000~85 000粒/kg	聚乙烯	碎片状
长期覆膜农田^[37]	中国京津冀	平均2 950	平均29.3粒/kg	主要成分为聚乙烯，占43.7%	碎片状
施用固废堆肥的农田^[38]	法国巴黎	0.45~5 000	0.16~1.2 kg/(ha^-1·a^-1)	未测定	颗粒状
垃圾填埋场渗滤液^[35]	中国长三角	100~5 000	0.4~24.6粒/L	聚乙烯和聚丙烯	纤维状和薄膜状，纤维状占60%
地下水^[39]	印度佩鲁古迪遗址	0.45~5 000	7~80粒/L	聚苯乙烯和聚丙烯	未观测

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