Major controlling factors and enrichment rules of highly efficient gas reservoiring in the north-central part of the central inversion belt, Xihu Depression
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摘要: 西湖凹陷中央反转带中北部大型气田成藏因素及动态匹配关系至今不明。通过针对烃源岩、储层、输导体系及成藏期等成藏关键因素进行系统分析，建立"源-储-圈-输"的动态成藏过程分析中央反转带中北部大气田的成藏主控因素。研究表明始新统宝石组与平湖组煤系烃源岩不仅生气强度大，而且中新世晚期以来的快速生、排气为中央反转带中北部的大中型天然气藏提供了充足油气源；花港组小于4 000 m地层的酸性地层水是形成有利储层的关键；中新世晚期发生的龙井运动强烈挤压作用使中央反转带发生了构造变形和断层开启活动，为圈闭和油气输导通道的形成创造了条件。综合"源-储-圈-输"分析认为成藏主控因素在生烃期的有机耦合造就了始新统煤系烃源岩高效生气及天然气的有效运移聚集成藏的全过程。本次研究为研究区大气田的勘探提供了借鉴。Abstract: The main controlling factors of reservoir formation and dynamic matching relationship of large gas fields in the north-central part of the central inversion belt, Xihu Depression are still unknown. Based on the systematic analysis of the key reservoir forming factors such as source rock, reservoir, transportation system and reservoir forming period, this paper establishes the dynamic reservoir forming process of "source-reservoir-Circle-Transportation" to analyze the main reservoir forming factors of the large gas field in the north of China. The results show that the source rocks of the coal measures of Baoshi Formation and Pinghu Formation in Eocene not only have a strong accumulation of gas, but also have provided sufficient oil and gas sources for the large and medium-sized natural gas reservoirs in the north-central part of the central inversion belt since the Late Miocene. The acid formation water is the key to affect the physical properties of the reservoirs. The strong compression of Longjing movement in the Late Miocene resulted in structural deformation and faults in the central inversion belt. And opening activities created conditions for the formation of traps and oil-gas transport channels. Based on the analysis of "Source-Reservoir-Circle-Transportation", we suggest that the organic coupling between the main factors of reservoir formation and hydrocarbon generation period results in the whole process of efficient gas generation of source rock and effective migration and accumulation of natural gas in Eocene coal series. The research results provide reference for the exploration of atmospheric field in the study area.
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图 2 西湖凹陷中央反转带中北部Z1井埋藏史图(a)及热史模拟标定(b)
a.中央反转带中北部地层埋藏史、热演化史与地层水环境(Z1井)；b.热史模拟标定(Z1井)
Figure 2. Burial history map (a) and thermal simulation calibration (b) of well Z1 in the north-central part of the central inversion belt, Xihu Depression
图 3 宁波27洼平湖组(a)与宝石组(b)生烃演化史曲线
Figure 3. Hydrocarbon generation and evolution history curve of Pinghu Formation (a) and Baoshi Formation (b), Ningbo 27 sub-sag
图 4 中央反转带花港组储层孔隙类型随深度变化图
Figure 4. Variation of pore type with depth of Huagang Formation reservoir in the central inversion belt
图 5 中央反转带中北部花港组主力储层镜下特征
A.Z1井，4 324.8 m，扫描电镜，早期绿泥石膜；B.Z1井，4 324.2 m，扫描电镜，长石溶解过程中的硅质胶结；C.Z2井，3 127.3 m，扫描电镜，自生高岭石充填长石溶蚀孔；D.Z2井，4 605.6 m，扫描电镜，自生石英颗粒溶解；E.Z3井，3 771.20 m，扫描电镜，石英加大溶蚀后绿泥石发育；F.Z1井，3 090 m，(-)，长石溶蚀；G.Z2井，3 856 m，(－)，长石溶蚀；H.Z3井，3 127.3 m，(-)，长石及岩屑溶蚀，高岭石生成
Figure 5. Main reservoir characteristics of Huagang Formation in the north-central part of the central inversion belt
图 6 过中央反转带东西向地震剖面(剖面位置见图 1)
Figure 6. East-west seismic profile passing through the central inversion belt
图 7 反转强度计算原理及统计图
Figure 7. Calculation principle and statistical diagram of reverse strength
图 8 中央反转带中北部储层中包裹体特征及均一温度统计
A.Z1井，4 327.5 m，荧光，蓝色含油包裹体，含沥青；B.Z1井，4 327.5 m，(-)，含油包裹体；C.Z2井，3 125.6 m，(-)，石英一期加大前穿石英裂缝的含水包裹体；D.Z3井，3 772.5 m，(-)，切穿二期石英裂缝的盐水包裹体；E.中北部包裹体均一温度统计
Figure 8. Inclusion characteristics and homogenization temperature statistics of reservoir in the central inversion belt
图 9 生烃、储层、圈闭形成时间综合图
Figure 9. Comprehensive chart of hydrocarbon generation, reservoir and trap formation time
表 1 西湖凹陷烃源岩地球化学参数
Table 1. Geochemical parameters of source rocks in Xihu Depression
厚度/m w(TOC)/% S1+S2/% HI/(mg·g-1) 评价 平湖组(泥岩) 500~2 000 1.76 5.83 202 中等-好 平湖组(煤岩) 30~100 43.27 120.90 260 好 宝石组(泥岩) 400~800 1.03 3.48 144 中等-好 宝石组(煤岩) 0.5~10 43.14 129 250 好 
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