Reservoir characteristics and economic sweet classification scheme of Fuyu reservoir in Daqing Oilfield
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摘要: 大庆油田扶余油层储量丰富，但是由于储层特征不清以及缺乏科学的"甜点"分类方案，导致研究区"甜点"优选难度大。为了明确研究区储层特征以及"甜点"筛选方案，应用岩心物性测试、全岩分析、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、岩石力学实验、高压压汞实验、测井资料建立了研究区物性和脆性指数计算模型，最终为明确储层特征和"甜点"筛选提供依据。结果表明：①研究区属于特低孔-超低渗致密储层，脆性指数集中在0.5~0.75之间，孔隙结构分为4类，Ⅰ类样品的孔隙度平均大于11%，渗透率平均大于0.7×10-3 μm2，以大孔为主，平均进汞饱和度大于75%，连通性最好；Ⅱ类样品的孔隙度主要为9%~12%，渗透率主要为0.3×10-3~0.7×10-3 μm2，大孔喉减少，小孔喉增加，平均进汞饱和度大于70%；Ⅲ类样品的孔隙度主要为8%~11%，渗透率主要为0.1×10-3~0.3×10-3 μm2，平均进汞饱和度大于60%，连通性变差；Ⅳ类样品的孔隙度主要小于9%，渗透率主要小于0.1×10-3 μm2，平均进汞饱和度小于60%，以小孔喉为主，储集、渗流能力最差。②结合物性、含油性、脆性指数利用灰色关联法建立了研究区经济"甜点"分类标准，Ⅰ类经济"甜点"的综合得分大于0.55，Ⅱ类经济"甜点"得分为0.4~0.55，Ⅲ类经济"甜点"得分为0.25~0.4，无效储层或干层综合得分 < 0.25，并且根据划分标准对井进行验证，发现该标准有效解决了根据测井判断储层是否含油所带来的误差。③沉积、成岩、断层相互耦合共同控制"甜点"的发育。沉积作用控制储层物性和孔隙结构，成岩作用增加了储层非均质性，断层的存在极大影响了储层含油性。该研究成果建立的"甜点"分类模型为研究区"甜点"筛选提供了科学依据。Abstract: The resources of the Fuyu reservoir in the Daqing Oilfield are abundant. Due to the unclear characteristics of reservoir and lack of scientific sweet classification scheme, it is difficult to optimize the sweet in the study area. In order to clarify reservoir characteristics and sweet selection scheme in the study area, this paper uses core physical property, XRD, casting thin section, scanning electron microscope, rock mechanics tests, high pressure mercury intrusion tests and logging data to establish the physical properties and the brittleness model of the study area., which ultimately provides a basis for clarifying reservoir characteristics and sweet screening. The results reveal ① the study area belongs to low hole-ultra low permeability reservoir, brittleness index between 0.5-0.75 and the pore structure of the reservoir in the study area can be divided into four types. Type Ⅰ reservoirs have more large-pore throats and fewer small-pore throats, with a mean porosity is more than 11% and a permeability is more than 0.7×10-3 μm2, the mercury saturation is more than 75% and the connectivity is good. Porosity of type Ⅱ reservoirs mainly locates 9%-12% and a permeability is 0.3×10-3-0.7×10-3 μm2, the mercury saturation is more than 70% and the connectivity is good. Type Ⅲ reservoirs have fewer large-pore throats, but more small-pore throats. The porosity mainly locates 8%-11% and a permeability is 0.1×10-3-0.3×10-3 μm2. The mercury saturation is more than 60% and the connectivity is poorer than type Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Type Ⅳ reservoirs have few small-pore throats, with a mean porosity is less than 9% and a permeability is less than 0.1×10-3 μm2, and the mercury saturation is less than 60% which have poor connectivity and permeability. ② Combine physical properties, oily and brittleness of reservoir and use gray relation method to establish the economic sweet classification standard in the study area. The comprehensive score of type Ⅰ economic sweet is more than 0.55, and the comprehensive score of type Ⅱ economic sweet is in 0.4-0.55, and the class Ⅲ economic sweet in 0.25-0.4. The non-reservoir or dry layer comprehensive score is less than 0.25. The well was verified by the classification standard and found that the standardeffectively solves the error according to the log to judge whether the reservoir contains oil. ③ Sedimentation, diagenesis, and faults interaction control the development of economic sweet. Sedimentation controls reservoir physical properties and pore structure, and diagenesis increases reservoir heterogeneity, and the existence of faults greatly affects reservoir oil. The results establish a sweet classification model to provide a scientific basis for the selection of sweet in the study area.
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Key words:
- Fuyu oil layer /
- economic sweet /
- pore structure /
- sedimentation
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图 2 扶一组(a)及扶二组(b)(岩石类型三角图)
Ⅰ.石英砂岩；Ⅱ.长石质石英砂岩；Ⅲ.岩屑质石英砂岩；Ⅳ.长石岩屑质石英砂岩；Ⅴ.长石砂岩；Ⅵ.岩屑质长石砂岩；Ⅶ.长石质岩屑砂岩；Ⅷ.岩屑砂岩
Figure 2. Triangular diagram of rock types in Fuyu layer
图 3 测井参数、压汞参数与物性关系图
Figure 3. Relationship between logging, mercury injection parameters and physical properties
图 4 实测渗透率与预测渗透率、孔隙度交会图
Figure 4. Relationship between gas permeability and predicted permeability and porosity
图 5 横波时差(DTS)与GR(a)、AC(b)、CNL(c)的相关性图
Figure 5. Correlation between DTS and GR(a), AC(b), CNL(c)
图 6 杨氏模量(a)、泊松比(b)实测值与计算值关系
Figure 6. Relationship between Young modulus, Poisson ratio of measuring value and predicted value
图 9 不同孔隙结构类型压汞特征图
a.Ⅰ类，N1井，1 740.8 m(低排驱压力，微细喉道); b.Ⅱ类，N2井，1 944.2 m(低排驱压力，微细喉道); c.Ⅲ类, N3井, 1 840.1 m(低排驱压力，微喉道); d.Ⅳ类, N4井, 1 805.6 m(中排驱压力，吸附喉道)
Figure 9. Mercury injection curve characteristic of different pore structure types
图 10 渗透率与孔喉半径，孔隙度交会图
Figure 10. Relationship between permeability and pore throat radius, porosity
图 13 不同微相经济“甜点”及储层物性占比
Figure 13. Proportion of economic "sweet" spot and reservoir physical property under different microfacies
图 14 样品镜下特征图
a.A5井, 1 803.41 m, 石英颗粒呈线状接触; b.M408井, 1 818.4 m, 颗粒呈点-线接触，孔隙被压缩; c.N1井, 1 892.10 m, 伊利石充填堵塞孔隙; d.A95井, 1 812.31 m, 高岭石赋存在孔喉表面，增强了储层非均质性和孔喉表面的光滑度
Figure 14. Characteristics of samples in SEM
图 15 伊利石(a)、绿泥石(b)与物性相关性图
Figure 15. Relationship between illite, chlorite and physical properties
图 17 井距断层距离与采油强度关系
Figure 17. Relationship between the distance from well to fault and oil production intensity
表 1 研究区储层物性“甜点”分类方案
Table 1. Classification scheme of reservoir physical property "sweet" in the study area
物性参数 Ⅰ类储层 Ⅱ类储层 Ⅲ类储层 Ⅳ类储层 平均喉道半径/μm ≥0.6 [0.3, 0.6) [0.1, 0.3) ＜0.1 渗透率/10-3μm2 ≥0.7 [0.3, 0.7) [0.1, 0.3) ＜0.1 孔隙度/% ≥11 [9, 12) [8, 9) ＜9 进汞饱和度/% ≥75 ≥70 ≥60 ≥30 喉道半径类型 细喉道 微细喉道 微喉道 吸附喉道 
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表 2 研究区储层经济“甜点”分类标准
Table 2. Classification standard for reservoir economic "sweet"
储层经济“甜点”类别 储层分类综合得分 单砂体厚度/m Ⅰ类经济“甜点” ≥0.55 ＞5 Ⅱ类经济“甜点” [0.4, 0.55) (3, 5] Ⅲ类经济“甜点” [0.25, 0.4) ＜3 无效储层 ＜0.25 ＜3
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