高温热泉中稀土元素的地球化学行为及其指示意义: 以西藏搭格架水热区为例

郭清海; 张晓博

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0244

高温热泉中稀土元素的地球化学行为及其指示意义: 以西藏搭格架水热区为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0244

郭清海^{a, b,},
张晓博^{a, b}

a.
中国地质大学(武汉)自然资源部深部地热资源重点实验室，武汉 430078
b.
中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院，武汉 430078

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42077278

国家自然科学基金项目 42111530023

详细信息

作者简介:
郭清海(1978—)，男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事高温地热系统地球化学方向的研究工作。E-mail: qhguo2006@gmail.com

中图分类号: P314
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- PDF下载量: 118
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-10

Geochemical behavior of rare earth elements in high-temperature hot springs and its indications: A case study in the Daggyai hydrothermal area, Tibet

Guo Qinghai^{a, b
,},
Zhang Xiaobo^{a, b}

a.
Key Laboratory of Deep Geothermal Resources, MNR, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
b.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China

摘要

摘要:
西藏搭格架水热区位于拉萨-冈底斯地块南缘, 毗邻印度河-雅鲁藏布江缝合带中段, 区内出露酸性泉、中性泉和弱碱性泉, 为不同类型地热水中REE分布特征及其地球化学成因研究提供了理想场所。通过在搭格架采集不同类型热泉样品, 开展了样品REE浓度测试、配分模式分析和赋存形态计算, 旨在揭示高温地热环境中REE地球化学行为的指示意义。研究结果表明, 搭格架热泉中REE的地球化学行为呈非保守性, 其ΣREE浓度受热泉环境中富Fe, Al矿物(或无定形态固体)而非硫酸盐矿物的吸附过程的影响; 热泉REE配分模式和形态分布则主要受热储内氧化-还原条件及流体-岩石相互作用的控制, 是其地质成因和总体水化学特征的反映。虽然搭格架热泉中宏量组分水化学特征指示热储围岩应主要为长英质岩石, 但中、碱性热泉呈现的Ce负异常意味着热储中也可能存在碳酸盐岩。本研究为高温热泉稀土元素地球化学研究提供了典型范例。
- 热泉 /
- 稀土元素 /
- 水-岩相互作用 /
- 氧化还原条件 /
- 搭格架
Abstract:
The Daggyai hydrothermal area (Tibet) is located on the southern margin of the Lhasa-Gangdise terrane and adjacent to the middle of the Indus-Tsangposuture. Acid, neutral, and weakly alkaline hot springs are ubiquitous in Daggyai, offering a peerless opportunity to study the distribution of rare earth elements (REE) in various geothermal waters as well as their geochemical origins. In this study, different types of the Daggyai hot springs were systematically collected to determine their REE concentrations, to discern the REE patterns and to calculate the REE speciation, which is helpful for revealing the indications of the geochemical behavior of REEs in high-temperature geothermal environments. The results of the study show that the REEs in the Daggyai hot springs behaved conservatively, with their concentrations being affected by the sorption of Fe-or Al-rich minerals or amorphous phases instead of sulfate minerals, and the REE patterns and speciation were controlled by the redox conditions and fluid-rock interactions in the reservoirs, capable of reflecting the geological genesis and the general hydrochemical characteristics of the hot springs. Although the major constituent hydrochemistry of the Daggyai hot springs demonstrates that the reservoir host rocks are primarily felsic rocks, the negative Ce anomaly of the neutral-to-alkaline hot springs implies that there are possibly carbonate rocks in the Daggyai reservoirs. This work is a typical example of relevant studies on REE geochemistry in high-temperature hot springs.
- hot spring /
- rare earth element /
- water-rock interaction /
- redox condition /
- Daggyai

HTML全文

图 1 研究区地质简图及采样点分布(据文献[19]修改)

a.西藏大地构造简图; b.搭格架水热区地质简图; c.热泉采样点; d.地层剖面图; JRS.金沙江缝合带；BNS.班公错-怒江缝合带；IYZX.印度河-雅鲁藏布江缝合带；MBT.主边界逆冲断裂；Q.第四系堆积物；E₃N₁d.大竹卡组；E_1-2d².典中组；K_1-2a¹.昂仁组；KZzπBiηγ.白垩系花岗岩；1.断层；2.剖面线；3.河流

Figure 1. Simplified geological map of the study area and sampling locaitons

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图 2 搭格架热泉Piper三线图

Figure 2. Piper trilinear chart of the Daggyai hot springs

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图 3 搭格架热泉Na-K-Mg^1/2三角图

Figure 3. Triangular Na-K-Mg^1/2 diagram of the Daggyai hot springs

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图 4 搭格架热泉中ΣREE与典型保守组分(Cl, Li, Rb和Cs)、HCO₃^-和SO₄^2-的关系

Figure 4. Relations between the concentrations of ΣREE and those of typical conservative constituents (Cl, Li, Rb, and Cs), HCO₃^-, and SO₄^2- in the Daggyai hot springs

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图 5 搭格架热泉ΣREE与Fe，Al矿物(a)和硫酸盐矿物(b)浓度与饱和指数的关系

Figure 5. Relations between the concentrations of ΣREE in the Daggyai hot springs and their saturation indices with respect to Fe/Al-bearing minerals (a) and sulfate minerals (b)

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图 6 搭格架酸性热泉(a)、中性热泉(b)和弱碱性热泉(c)的REE配分模式

Figure 6. REE patterns of the acid (a), neutral (b), and weakly alkaline (c) hot springs in Daggyai

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图 7 搭格架热泉Eu/Eu^*与Eh关系

Figure 7. Relations between the the Eu/Eu^* ratios and Eh values of the Daggyai hot springs

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图 8 搭格架热泉中REE形态分布

Figure 8. REE speciation in the Daggyai hot springs

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表 1 搭格架热泉样品主要水化学特征^[21]

Table 1. Major hydrochemical characteristics of the Daggyai hot spring samples

ID	pH	T/℃	Eh/mV	EC/(μS·cm^-1)	碱度	SO₄	Cl	F	NO₃	Na	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Si	B	Li	Rb	Cs	阴阳离子平衡相对误差/%
ID	pH	T/℃	Eh/mV	EC/(μS·cm^-1)	碱度	ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)											ρ_B/(μg·L^-1)			阴阳离子平衡相对误差/%
DG00	8.59	79.3	-210	1 873.0	670	85.5	155.50	24.50	1.86	453.90	52.90	43.10	0.01	0.15	137.9	102.2	5 427	654.0	6 591	7.8
DG02	3.00	36.7	447	439.8	0	104.7	1.68	0.37	2.01	6.29	3.66	9.57	0.90	2.03	85.0	1.16	168	82.6	1 295	6.9
DG03	4.46	69.1	-12	386.3	0	144.9	1.32	0.17	2.66	8.44	2.38	20.20	1.32	0.08	31.1	1.09	78.8	47.9	571	-5.1
DG05	8.25	78.9	-233	2 004.0	655	90.1	162.30	26.30	1.88	482.40	56.90	33.90	0.01	0.22	167.7	106.9	5 749	668	6 567	9.3
DG07	6.97	82.1	-225	1 872.0	595	88.0	148.70	24.10	1.85	451.20	53.00	23.50	0.05	0.15	151.6	103.40	5 736	662.0	6 753	9.2
DG08	6.92	75.5	-235	1 994.0	625	84.8	155.30	24.80	n.d.	436.50	51.20	7.16	0.03	0.03	151.3	98.80	5 793	653.0	6 680	3.9
DG09	6.90	41.5	-215	1 678.0	555	76.2	147.90	26.20	1.88	411.00	43.90	21.10	0.05	0.09	121.1	97.70	5 112	521.0	5 775	6.5
DG11	6.99	79.9	-324	1 966.0	625	86.6	159.40	25.80	2.06	445.50	52.10	15.20	0.02	0.08	153.5	101.40	5 001	580.0	5 575	4.9
DG12	7.00	77.8	-293	1 805.0	550	77.6	144.80	21.70	n.d.	407.70	46.00	6.12	0.01	0.01	126.2	96.80	4 816	533.0	5 618	5.8
注：n.d.代表未检出

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表 2 搭格架热泉稀土元素地球化学特征

Table 2. Geochemical characteristics of REEs in the Daggyai hot springs

	DG00	DG02	DG03	DG05	DG07	DG08	DG09	DG11	DG12
La	0.64	0.53	0.62	0.64	0.62	0.36	0.58	0.37	0.33
Ce	1.18	1.08	1.16	1.05	0.97	0.64	0.82	0.62	0.52
Pr	0.14	0.12	0.13	0.14	0.10	0.08	0.13	0.07	0.07
Nd	0.65	0.51	0.61	0.41	0.38	0.33	0.38	0.28	0.25
Sm	0.19	0.18	0.20	0.16	0.19	0.11	0.16	0.11	0.15
Eu	0.05	0.02	0.07	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04
Gd	0.13	0.14	0.19	0.16	0.10	0.05	0.12	0.07	0.08
Tb	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01
Dy ρ_B/(μg·L^-1)	0.14	0.15	0.16	0.16	0.13	0.08	0.11	0.06	0.05
Ho	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.02
Er	0.06	0.09	0.12	0.09	0.07	0.04	0.06	0.06	0.06
Tm	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02
Yb	0.09	0.15	0.08	0.10	0.09	0.07	0.07	0.05	0.08
Lu	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.01
Y	0.56	0.68	0.78	0.54	0.42	0.23	0.39	0.33	0.21
LREE	2.85	2.45	2.80	2.44	2.31	1.55	2.11	1.48	1.35
HREE	0.52	0.62	0.64	0.58	0.50	0.30	0.43	0.30	0.32
ΣREE	3.93	3.75	4.22	3.56	3.23	2.07	2.93	2.11	1.89
Ce/Ce^*	0.86	0.92	0.88	0.76	0.85	0.83	0.66	0.82	0.76
Pr/Pr^*	0.97	1.04	0.97	1.36	0.97	1.06	1.43	1.06	1.15
Eu/Eu^*	1.55	0.68	1.61	1.20	1.47	1.58	1.34	1.66	1.45

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