Geological modeling method of gravel braided river outcrop: A case from the 35 section of outcrop area of Heiyoushan in Karamay as an example
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摘要: 露头研究对认识地下地质情况具有举足轻重的作用，通过露头揭示的沉积规律可以更加精确地描述地下同类型的沉积特征。以克拉玛依油田黑油山露头区35剖面为例，采用RMS地质建模软件的基于目标的Composite方法，确立建模基本目标体，评估多期河流沉积的形态规律，建立与露头认识一致的辫状河砂体的空间展布模型。研究表明，通过Composite方法多次迭代得到了辫状河多期河道侧积与切割的理想结果；通过目标函数和接收概率的退火模拟方法能够解决辫状河和三角洲河道砂体的几何形态问题。Abstract: Outcrop study plays an important role in understanding underground geological conditions. The type of deposition of the same type can be described more precisely by the sedimentation law revealed by outcrops. However, it is difficult to describe the shape, scale, orientation, and scale of target body in numerical modeling.Based on the profile of black oil hill outcrop area of Karamay Oilfield, using the Composite method based on RMS, the basic object of modeling is established. The regularity of multi-period river sedimentation is evaluated and a spatial distribution model of braided river sand bodies being consistent with outcrops is established.
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Key words:
- braided river /
- outcrop /
- geological modeling /
- target based /
- Heiyoushan
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图 1 黑油山35剖面位置及克拉玛依组露头剖面特征
LST.低低体系域；TST.湖侵体系域；HST.高位体系域。M.泥岩；S.砂岩；G.砾岩
Figure 1. Location of section 35 in Heiyoushan and characteristics of the outcrop profile of the Karamay Formation
图 2 黑油山35剖面两种典型的沉积构造
a.大型槽状交错层理; b.小型板状交错层理
Figure 2. Two typical sedimentary structures of section 35 in Heiyoushan
图 3 黑油山35剖面(a)与素描图(b)
Ⅰ~Ⅶ, CHⅠ~CHⅦ均为河道单元编号；5A~5H.5级界面编号；③代表三级层序界面；其他代号为岩相代码，其含义见表 1
Figure 3. Profile (a) and sketch (b) of section 35 in Heiyoushan
图 4 黑油山35剖面典型段岩相剖面
(F.粉砂质泥岩；S.砂岩; G.砾岩; A~E井位置见图 3)
Figure 4. Typical section of 35 section petrographic of Heiyoushan
图 5 黑油山35剖面不同模拟方法模拟结果对比图(Ⅰ~Ⅷ.河道砂体编号)
a.序贯指示模拟结果；b.截断高斯模拟结果；c.多点地质统计学模拟结果；d.基于目标模拟结果
Figure 5. Comparison of simulation results of different simulation methods of section 35 in Heiyoushan
图 6 多次随机模拟结果与统计最终结果
1~26为模拟井，其中2, 9, 13, 17, 22为虚拟井，其余中21口井为过剖面井; Ⅰ~Ⅷ.河道砂体编号
Figure 6. Results of multiple random simulation and results of statistics
图 7 黑油山露头区35实际剖面与Composite模拟结果对比图(1~26同图 6)
a.黑油山露头区35剖面；b.多次实现统计的最终结果
Figure 7. Comparison of actual section 35 and composite simulation results in Heiyoushan outcrop area
表 1 黑油山35剖面岩相类型及特征
Table 1. Petrographic type and characteristics of section 35 in Heiyoushan
岩相代码 岩石相名称 沉积构造 成因解释 Gm 块状砂砾岩 块状层理 河道滞留沉积物 Gt 槽状交错层理细砾岩中粗砂岩 大型槽状交错层理 河道滞留沉积物 St 具槽状交错层理的含砾中粗砂岩 槽状交错层理 河道充填 Sp 具板状交错层理的含砾中粗砂岩 大型板状交错层理 冲刷-河道滞留沉积物 Sst 具交错层理细砂岩 小型交错层理 河道充填 Sh 具平行层理中细砂岩 平行层理 冲刷-充填后逐渐淤积 Fp 具水平层理的泥质粉砂岩 水平层理 河道废弃淤积充填 Fm 泥岩 纹层状至块状 泛滥平原沉积 
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表 2 黑油山35剖面沉积地质体构型分级
Table 2. Classification of sedimentary geological body configurations in section 35 in Heiyoushan
界面分级 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 沉积体 多期河道垂向叠置 同期河道侧向拼切 单一辫状水道废弃河道 增生体 层系组 层系 纹层
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表 3 黑油山35剖面不同期次河道砂体地质知识库
Table 3. Geological knowledge base of the sandbodies of different secondry channels of section 35 in Heiyoushan
河道砂体 最大厚度/m 平均厚度/m 河道中心厚度/m 宽度/m 宽厚比 交切关系 几何形态 Ⅰ 1.5 1.0 1.5 7.1 7.1 河道砂体Ⅳ侧向切割，河道砂体Ⅱ垂向冲刷 楔形 Ⅱ 1.4 0.9 1.4 7.0 7.8 河道砂体Ⅳ侧向切割，河道砂体Ⅰ垂向叠置，河道Ⅲ垂向冲刷 楔形 Ⅲ 1.5 1.1 1.5 7.8 7.1 河道砂体Ⅳ侧向切割 楔形 Ⅳ 1.5 1.3 1.5 10.4 8.0 河道砂体Ⅴ垂向冲刷、河道砂体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ侧向交切 透镜状 Ⅴ 2.0 1.6 2.0 13.2 8.3 河道砂体Ⅵ侧向切割，河道砂体Ⅳ垂向叠置 半透镜体状 Ⅵ 1.6 1.3 1.6 10.7 8.2 河道砂体Ⅴ侧向交切，河道砂体Ⅶ侧向切割 半透镜体状 Ⅶ 1.1 0.9 1.1 7.1 7.9 河道砂体Ⅵ侧向交切，河道砂体Ⅷ垂向冲刷 半透镜体状 Ⅷ 0.9 0.8 0.9 4.6 5.8 河道砂体Ⅶ垂向叠置 透镜状
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表 4 黑油山35剖面不同期次河道模拟参数
Table 4. Simulation parameters of the different period water courses of section 35 in Heiyoushan
河道砂体 河道模拟参数 基本模型 宽度/m 厚度/m 方位角/(°) 倾角/(°) 宽度 方差 厚度 方差 倾角 方差 Ⅰ 7.1 0.5 1.0 0.5 101 15 3 
Ⅱ 7.0 0.5 0.9 0.5 101 15 3 Ⅲ 7.8 0.6 1.1 0.4 101 15 3 Ⅳ 10.4 0.9 1.3 0.2 101 -4 2.0 
Ⅴ 13.2 1.2 1.6 0.4 101 -3 1.5 Ⅵ 10.7 1.0 1.3 0.3 101 -3 1.5 Ⅶ 7.1 0.5 0.9 0.2 101 -1 0.5 Ⅷ 4.6 0.3 0.8 0.1 101 0 0.5
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