Flow calculation method and engineering application of non-standard triangle weir measurement method for rich-water faults
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摘要: 公路、铁路、水利水电、矿山等隧道工程建设和运营过程中,不可避免地会遭遇塌方、突涌水等地质灾害问题,围岩失稳破坏和渗流突变是发生突水的直接原因。为查明龙南隧道F8富水断层洞身范围涌水来源及其涌水量的大小,采用非标准三角堰测法结合矩形堰测法现场监测F8断层地表上、下游流量。本研究提出非标准三角堰测法的基本概念,并根据标准三角堰测法流量公式,结合流量的等效原理,推导出了非标准三角堰测法流量公式。通过理论与实测数据进行比较,证明了本公式的合理性。研究结果表明,非标准三角堰测法流量公式的推导为现场流量实测提供了方便,克服了标准三角堰测法公式适用范围不足的缺点,为分析断层破碎带洞身围岩范围内涌水量大小提供了可靠依据。Abstract: In the construction and operation of tunnels such as highways, railways, water conservancy and hydropower, and mines, it is inevitable to encounter geological disasters such as collapse and water inrush. The instability and destruction of surrounding rocks and seepage sudden change are the direct causes of water inrush. To find out the source of water inrush and the amount of water inrush in the area of F8 rich-water faults of Longnan tunnel, the non-standard triangular weir measuring method and the rectangular weir measuring method are used to monitor the flow of F8 surface upstream and downstream. In this paper, the basic concept of non-standard triangular weir method is put forward, and according to the flow formula of standard triangular weir measuring method and the principle of flow equivalence, the flow formula of non-standard triangular weir measuring method is derived. The rationality of the formula is proved by comparing the theory with the measured data. The results show that the derivation of the flow formula of the non-standard triangular weir measurement method provides convenience for the field flow measurement, overcomes the shortcomings of the application scope of the standard triangular weir measurement method formula, and provides a reliable basis for the analysis of the water inflow in the surrounding rock of the tunnel body in the fault fracture zone.
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表 1 F8断层上游矩形堰测法流量监测结果
Table 1. Flow monitoring results of F8 fault upstream rectangular weir method
监测时间 天气 h/cm B/cm Q/(L·s-1) Q/(m3·h-1) 2019/03/13, 17:05 晴 6.53 102.00 30.64 110.29 2019/03/14, 17:00 雨转阴 6.63 102.00 31.34 112.83 2019/03/15, 17:10 晴 6.60 102.00 31.13 112.07 2019/03/16, 17:30 雨 7.03 102.00 34.22 123.20 2019/03/17, 17:50 雨转阴 6.77 102.00 32.34 116.43 2019/03/18, 18:00 阴 6.50 102.00 30.43 109.53 2019/03/19, 18:05 阴 6.47 102.00 30.22 108.78 2019/03/20, 18:30 阴 6.57 102.00 30.92 111.31 2019/03/21, 18:32 阴 6.47 102.00 30.22 108.78 2019/03/22, 18:20 雨转阴 6.70 102.00 31.84 114.63 2019/03/23, 18:25 雨转阴 6.90 102.00 33.28 119.80 2019/03/24, 18:20 阴 6.93 102.00 33.49 120.58 2019/03/25, 18:10 阴 6.83 102.00 32.77 117.98 2019/03/26, 18:20 雨转阴 6.80 102.00 32.56 117.20 2019/03/27, 18:15 阴 6.97 102.00 33.78 121.63 平均值 6.71 31.95 115.00 注:矩形堰测法适用条件为流量Q≥30 L/s;h为水深; B为堰口宽,下同 表 2 F8断层下游非标准三角堰测法流量监测结果
Table 2. Flow monitoring results of non-standard triangular weir measurement method at the downstream of F8 fault
监测时间 天气 h/cm C Q/(L·s-1) Q/(m3·h-1) 2019/03/13, 17:30 晴 13.13 0.014 13.04 46.94 2019/03/14, 17:25 雨转阴 13.40 0.014 13.72 49.39 2019/03/15, 17:28 晴 13.33 0.014 13.54 48.74 2019/03/16, 17:55 雨 16.33 0.014 22.49 80.97 2019/03/17, 18:15 雨转阴 15.17 0.014 18.71 67.35 2019/03/18, 18:30 阴 13.90 0.014 15.03 54.12 2019/03/19, 18:35 阴 13.40 0.014 13.72 49.39 2019/03/20, 18:55 阴 13.47 0.014 13.90 50.03 2019/03/21, 18:53 阴 13.27 0.014 13.39 48.20 2019/03/22, 18:48 雨转阴 14.60 0.014 17.00 61.20 2019/03/23, 18:50 雨转阴 14.33 0.014 16.22 58.41 2019/03/24, 18:45 阴 15.33 0.014 19.20 69.14 2019/03/25, 18:35 阴 14.90 0.014 17.89 64.39 2019/03/26, 18:47 雨转阴 15.73 0.014 20.48 73.74 2019/03/27, 18:42 阴 15.67 0.014 20.29 73.03 平均值 14.40 16.57 59.67 注:1.非标准三角堰测法适用条件为1 L/s<Q<30 L/s;2.测得非标准三角堰顶角θ=108° 表 3 F8断层下游标准三角堰测法流量计算结果
Table 3. Flow calculation results of F8 fault downstream standard triangular weir measurement method
监测时间 天气 h/cm C Q/(L·s-1) Q/(m3·h-1) 2019/03/13, 17:30 晴 13.13 0.014 8.75 31.48 2019/03/14, 17:25 雨转阴 13.40 0.014 9.21 33.13 2019/03/15, 17:28 晴 13.33 0.014 9.08 32.70 2019/03/16, 17:55 雨 16.33 0.014 15.09 54.31 2019/03/17, 18:15 雨转阴 15.17 0.014 12.55 45.17 2019/03/18, 18:30 阴 13.90 0.014 15.03 54.12 2019/03/19, 18:35 阴 13.40 0.014 9.20 33.13 2019/03/20, 18:55 阴 13.47 0.014 9.32 33.56 2019/03/21, 18:53 阴 13.27 0.014 8.98 32.33 2019/03/22, 18:48 雨转阴 14.60 0.014 11.40 41.05 2019/03/23, 18:50 雨转阴 14.33 0.014 10.88 39.18 2019/03/24, 18:45 阴 15.33 0.014 12.88 46.38 2019/03/25, 18:35 阴 14.90 0.014 12.00 43.19 2019/03/26, 18:47 雨转阴 15.73 0.014 13.74 49.46 2019/03/27, 18:42 阴 15.67 0.014 13.61 48.99 平均值 14.40 11.45 41.21 注:标准三角堰测法适用条件为1 L/s<Q<30 L/s 表 4 F8断层下游普通堰测法流量理论计算值
Table 4. Theoretical calculation value of flow measured by ordinary weir downstream of F8 fault
h′/cm S/cm2 L/cm t/s υ/(cm·s-1) Q/(L·s-1) 13.13 237.40 120.00 2.22 54.05 12.83 13.40 247.14 120.00 2.15 55.81 13.79 13.33 244.69 120.00 2.12 56.60 13.85 16.33 367.19 120.00 2.11 56.87 20.88 15.17 316.61 120.00 2.09 57.42 18.18 13.90 265.93 120.00 2.02 59.41 15.80 13.40 247.14 120.00 2.15 55.81 13.79 13.47 249.61 120.00 2.09 57.42 14.33 13.27 242.25 120.00 2.12 56.60 13.71 14.60 293.39 120.00 1.98 60.61 17.78 14.33 282.77 120.00 2.04 58.82 16.63 15.33 323.60 120.00 2.01 59.70 19.32 14.90 305.57 120.00 1.97 60.91 18.61 15.73 340.71 120.00 2.05 58.54 19.94 15.67 337.83 120.00 1.99 60.30 20.37 平均值 286.79 2.07 57.92 16.66 注:断面面积$S=h^{\prime} \times \operatorname{tg}\left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right)$, 其中顶角θ=108°,h′为水深;L为堰长;t为时间;v为平均流速 -
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