川东南丁山地区石牛栏组成脉流体来源与油气成藏

罗涛; 何治亮; 郭小文; 黄亚浩; 陶泽; 陈家旭

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0024

川东南丁山地区石牛栏组成脉流体来源与油气成藏

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0024

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41872139

中石化科技部项目 p19022-3

详细信息

作者简介:
罗涛(1995-), 男, 现正攻读矿产普查与勘探专业硕士学位, 主要从事储层流体研究。E-mail: cugluotao@126.com

通讯作者:
郭小文(1980-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事油气地质与油气成藏机理研究。E-mail: guoxw@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.130.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-31

Origins of vein-forming fluid and hydrocarbon accumulation in Shiniulan Formation in Dingshan, southeast Sichuan Basin

摘要

摘要: 四川盆地东南部志留系油气成藏过程研究缺少成藏和破坏阶段的直接证据，丁山地区志留系石牛栏组储层内沥青和方解石脉体记录了储层内流体演化的信息，对研究油气藏油气成藏演化过程有重要的指示作用。运用显微岩相学、阴极发光、微区原位元素和流体包裹体分析方法，确定了古流体来源和活动时间，并恢复了甲烷包裹体古压力，结合烃源岩生烃演化史和地质特征揭示了石牛栏组油气成藏演化过程和主控因素。研究结果表明丁山地区石牛栏组储层内发育两期方解石脉体，原油充注发生在两期方解石脉形成之前。第一期方解石脉形成于距今约127 Ma，阴极发光颜色为褐红色，方解石脉形成于偏还原环境，成脉流体来源于同层位成岩流体。第二期方解石脉形成于距今约83 Ma，阴极发光颜色为褐黄色，方解石脉形成于偏氧化环境。龙马溪组烃源岩大量生油阶段在距今190~150 Ma之间，生成的石油充注到石牛栏组储层中并在距今约135 Ma裂解成气藏。甲烷包裹体捕获压力为51.77~57.46 MPa，储层压力系数为1.26~1.40。石牛栏组古气藏在燕山期以来，由于构造运动导致地层抬升剥蚀和断裂发育，促使天然气泄漏。
- 方解石脉 /
- 成脉流体来源 /
- 脉体形成时间 /
- 古压力恢复 /
- 油气成藏过程 /
- 丁山地区
Abstract: The Silurian hydrocarbon accumulation research in the southeastern Sichuan Basin lacks evidence of the hydrocarbon accumulation and destruction stages in reservoirs. Bitumen and calcite veins that were developed in the Shiniulan Formation had recorded the information of the fluid evolution in reservoirs and have important implications for fluid activities and hydrocarbon accumulation processes in the Dingshan area, southeast Sichuan Basin. Based on analysis of petrographic, trace element, fluid inclusion and laser Raman spectroscopy of the calcite veins, this research determines the timing and origin of the paleo-fluids formed the calcite veins; recovers the paleo-pressure of the methane inclusions, and reveals the petroleum system evolution and controlling factors of the Shiniulan Formation. The results indicate that two phases of calcite veins were developed in the Shiniulan Formation, and oil charging happened before the formation of the two phases of the calcite veins. The first phase of calcite veins were formed at ~127 Ma under relative reduction conditions, with the forming fluid sourcing from the diagenetic fluid of the same strata, which show brown-red cathode luminescence colors. The second phase calcite veins were formed at ~83 Ma under relative oxidation conditions, showing brown-yellow cathode luminescence colors. Oil generation peak of the Longmaxi source rocks, which were the main source of the Shiniulan reservoirs, was from ~190 Ma to ~150 Ma. Oil to gas cracking happened at ~135 Ma. The trapping pressure of methane inclusions is 51.77-57.46 MPa, and the pore fluid pressure coefficient is 1.26-1.40. Since the Yanshanian period, a series of tectonic movements have taken place in the Dingshan area, which uplifts and lead to erosion and fracturing of the Dingshan area is accounts for the destruction of the Shiniulan gas reservoirs.
- calcite veins /
- origin of vein-forming fluids /
- time of vein-forming /
- paleo-pressure recovery /
- preservation condition /
- Dingshan area

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图 1 丁山地区构造纲要图及丁山1井志留系地层岩性综合柱状图(修改自文献[12])

K.白垩系；J.侏罗系；T.三叠系；P.二叠系；S.志留系；O.奥陶系；∈.寒武系

Figure 1. Structure outline map of Dingshan area and lithologic comprehensive column map from Silurian formation in Well Dingshan 1(modified from reference[12])

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图 2 丁山1井石牛栏组储层充填矿物岩相学和阴极发光特征

A, B.石牛栏组，1 164.82 m，透射光照片；C.石牛栏组，1 165.47 m，透射光照片；D, F.石牛栏组，1 161.36 m，透射光和阴极发光照片；E.石牛栏组，1 163.45 m，透射光照片；G, H.E中1和2部分的阴极发光照片

Figure 2. Lithography and cathodoluminescence characteristics from Shiniulan Formation filled with minerals, Well Dingshan 1

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图 3 丁山1井石牛栏组方解石脉稀土元素配分模式图

Figure 3. Distribution pattern of rare earth elements in calcite veins from Shiniulan Formation in Well Dingshan 1

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图 4 丁山1井石牛栏组方解石脉中的流体包裹体特征

A.石牛栏组，1 161.36 m，第一期方解石脉；B.石牛栏组，1 161.36 m，第一期方解石脉；C.石牛栏组，1 163.45 m，第一期方解石脉；D.石牛栏组，1 167.15 m，第二期方解石脉

Figure 4. Fluid inclusion characteristics for calcite veins from Shiniulan Formation in Well Dingshan 1

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图 5 丁山1井石牛栏组方解石脉中流体包裹体裹体均一温度直方图(a)和均一温度与盐关系图(b)

Figure 5. Histogram of homogenization temperature (a), cross plot of homogenization temperature and salinity (b) for fluid inclusions in the calcite vein from Shiniulan Formation in Well Dingshan 1

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图 6 丁山1井石牛栏组第一期方解石脉中甲烷包裹体的激光拉曼谱图

A.石牛栏组，1 161.36 m，次生甲烷包裹体；B.石牛栏组，1 163.45 m，次生甲烷包裹体

Figure 6. Laser Raman spectrogram of methane inclusions in the first phase calcites from Shiniulan Formation in Well Dingshan 1

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图 7 丁山1井石牛栏组埋藏史-热史模拟与流体演化

T.三叠系；P.二叠系；S.志留系；S₁l.龙马溪组；O.奥陶系；∈.寒武系；∈₁q.筇竹寺组；Z₂dn.灯影组

Figure 7. Burial history-thermal history simulation and fluid evolution from Shiniulan Formation in Well Dingshan 1

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图 8 丁山1井志留系龙马溪组生烃史模拟

Figure 8. Hydrocarbon generation history simulation from Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Well Dingshan 1

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图 9 川东南丁山地区地震剖面(A)和志留系油气藏演化模式(B)

K.白垩系；J.侏罗系；T.三叠系；P.二叠系；S.志留系；S₁s.石牛栏组；S₁l.龙马溪组；O.奥陶系；∈.寒武系

Figure 9. Seismic profile (A) and evolution pattern of Silurian oil and gas reservoirs (B) of Dingshan area, southeast Sichuan

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表 1 丁山1井石牛栏组方解石脉体微量元素特征参数

Table 1. Characteristic parameters of trace elements in calcite vein from Shiniulan Formation in Well Dingshan 1

编号	方解石脉期次	U/Th	V/Cr	Ni/Co	2×U/(U+Th/3)	V/(V+Ni)	δEu	δCe
S1-1	第一期	1.29	4.89	5.68	1.12	0.71	1.52	0.96
S1-2	第一期	2.31	5.62	11.62	3.26	1.02	3.88	0.92
S1-3	第一期	1.66	6.44	7.96	1.94	0.56	2.45	0.92
S1-4	第二期	0.12	0.03	4.89	0.52	0.56	0.75	0.73
S1-5	第二期	0.05	0.53	2.37	0.65	0.09	0.78	0.76
S1-6	第二期	0.78	1.02	3.12	0.35	0.32	0.68	0.84
S2-1	第二期	0.47	0.31	1.01	0.19	0.03	0.48	0.85
S2-2	第二期	0.12	1.16	2.90	0.51	0.14	0.85	0.81
S2-3	第二期	0.33	2.44	1.36	0.94	0.26	0.79	0.88
S2-4	第二期	0.68	1.69	3.77	0.75	0.11	0.84	0.79

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表 2 丁山1井石牛栏组储层第一期方解石内甲烷包裹体拉曼散射峰、密度及压力计算结果

Table 2. Calculation results of Raman scattering peak, density and pressure of methane inclusions in the first phase calcites from Shiniulan Formation in Well Dingshan 1

编号	υ_means/cm^-1	υ_corr/cm^-1	D/cm^-1	ρ/(g·cm^-3)	伴生盐水均一温度160℃条件下
编号	υ_means/cm^-1	υ_corr/cm^-1	D/cm^-1	ρ/(g·cm^-3)	捕获压力/MPa	压力系数
A-1	2 912.107 7	2 912.391 4	-5.188 6	0.205	57.46	1.40
A-2	2 912.136 4	2 912.549 9	-5.030 1	0.198	54.33	1.33
A-3	2 912.107 7	2 912.391 4	-5.188 6	0.205	57.46	1.40
A-4	2 912.107 7	2 912.391 4	-5.188 6	0.205	57.46	1.40
A-5	2 912.252 7	2 912.666 7	-4.913 3	0.192	51.77	1.26
A-6	2 912.252 7	2 912.666 7	-4.913 3	0.192	51.77	1.26
A-7	2 912.136 4	2 912.549 9	-5.030 1	0.198	54.33	1.33
A-8	2 912.198 7	2 912.616 3	-4.963 7	0.195	53.04	1.29
A-9	2 912.198 7	2 912.616 3	-4.963 7	0.195	53.04	1.29
A-10	2 912.136 4	2 912.549 9	-5.188 6	0.198	54.33	1.33
A-11	2 912.252 7	2 912.666 7	-4.913 3	0.192	51.77	1.26
注：υ_means为实测的甲烷散射峰；υ_corr为真实的甲烷散射峰; D=υ_corr-υ₀, υ₀为压力接近0时甲烷包裹体的甲烷拉曼散射峰波数。ρ为依据拉曼位移参数由式(1)计算的甲烷包裹体密度；捕获压力是依据ρ和甲烷包裹体伴生气-液两相盐水包裹体均一温度计算求得

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