塔中区块高温高压裂缝性气藏封堵层气蚀剪切失效机理

苏晓明; 吴若宁; 赵常举; 王启任; 袁媛; 熊汉桥

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0059

塔中区块高温高压裂缝性气藏封堵层气蚀剪切失效机理

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0059

苏晓明^{1, 2,},
吴若宁³,
赵常举⁴,
王启任⁵,
袁媛²,
熊汉桥²

1.
兰州城市学院, 兰州 730070
2.
西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室, 成都 610500
3.
延长油田股份有限公司勘探开发技术研究中心, 陕西延安 716000
4.
中石化西北油田分公司工程技术研究院, 乌鲁木齐 830011
5.
中石化胜利石油工程有限公司西南分公司, 四川德阳 618000

基金项目:

甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目 2021B-281

兰州城市学院博士科研基金项目 LZCU-BS2021-02

兰州城市学院青年基金项目 LZCU-QN2021-02

详细信息

作者简介:
苏晓明(1990-), 男, 讲师, 主要从事储层保护理论与技术、油气井工作液与力学研究工作。E-mail: sxm310426@126.com

中图分类号: TE28
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- 文章访问数: 460
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-07

Failure mechanism of cavitation-induced shear of the plugging layer in high-temperature high-pressure fractured gas reservoirs in the Tazhong block, NW China

1.
Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chendu 610500, China
3.
Exploration and Development Technology Research Center, Yanchang Oil Field Co. Ltd., Yan'an Shaanxi 716000, China
4.
Engineering and Technology Research Institute of SINOPEC Northwest Oil Field Branch, Urumqi 830011, China
5.
Southwest Branch, SINOPEC Shengli Petroleum Engineering Co. Ltd., Deyang Sichuan 618000, China

摘要

摘要:
为了深入了解塔中区块高温高压裂缝性气藏封堵层失效问题, 基于储层特征和流体特性的深入分析, 结合封堵层微尺度物理结构特征, 对高温高压裂缝性气藏封堵层失效特征进行了研究, 提出了封堵层气蚀剪切失效概念, 构建了封堵层气蚀剪切失效的物理模型, 并借助颗粒物质力学和液桥理论, 对封堵层气蚀剪切失效过程进行了深入研究, 并基于反向气蚀原理, 开展了室内反向承压实验研究。研究结果表明, 裂缝性封堵层"气蚀剪切"失效作为一种气藏封堵层特有的失效模式, 其发生过程分为3个阶段: 气体扩散降黏破坏、气蚀剪切剥离破坏和气液置换错位剪切破坏; 正向承压6 MPa的统一封堵层, 对于不同属性的流体其抗剪切破坏能力不同, 当反向驱替流体由柴油转变为氮气时, 封堵层的反向承压值由原来的2.0 MPa(22 min)和2.5 MPa(30 min)分别减小到后来的1.5 MPa(10 min)和1.0 MPa(12 min), 综合抗剪切性能降低了约50%, 表明气体具有与液体不同的破坏能力和机制。
- 高温高压 /
- 裂缝性气藏 /
- 封堵层失效 /
- 气蚀剪切失效 /
- 反向承压
Abstract:
To profoundly understand the plugging layer failure behavior of high-temperature high-pressure fractured gas reservoirs in the Tazhong block, the failure characteristics of high-temperature high-pressure fractured gas reservoirs were studied and analyzed based on the combination of reservoir characteristics, fluid properties and the microscaled physical structure of the plugging layer. The concept of cavitation-induced shear failure is proposed, and the physical model of cavitation-induced shear failure is established. The cavitation-induced shear failure process of the plugging layer is systematically studied with the aid of granular material mechanics and liquid bridge theory. In addition, laboratory experiments of reversed pressure-bearing were carried out based on the principle of reversed cavitation. Results show that the cavitation-induced shear failure of the fractured sealing layer is a special kind of failure modes of the plugging layerin gas reservoirs. This process can be divided into three steps: viscosity reduction because of gas diffusion, cavitation-induced shear stripping and fluids displacement mismatch shearing destructions. In addition, the experimental results show that the plugging layer with a positive pressure of 6 MPa has different shear failure resistances for different fluids. With the displacement medium changing from liquid to gas, the reversed pressure-bearing value of the plugging layer decreases from 2.0 MPa (22 min) and 2.5 MPa (30 min) to 1.5 MPa (10 min) and 1.0 MPa (12 min), respectively. The comprehensive shear resistance is reduced by approximately 50%, indicating that gas has different destructive ability and destructive mechanism compared to liquid.
- high-temperature high-pressure /
- fractured gas reservoir /
- plugging layer failure /
- cavitation-induced shear failure /
- reversed pressure-bearing

HTML全文

图 1 不同流场中封堵层结构示意图

F_合为封堵层两端作用力的合力；F_w为井底流体作用力；F_f为地层流体作用力

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the plugging layer in different flow fields

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图 2 塔中区块奥陶系储层压力温度分布特征

Figure 2. Pressure and temperature distribution characteristics of the Ordovician reservoir in the Tazhong block

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图 3 塔中区块奥陶系储层裂缝分布特征

Figure 3. Fracture distribution characteristics of Ordovician reservoirs in the Tazhong block

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图 4 裂缝性封堵层多尺度特征示意图

Figure 4. Multiscale characteristics of the fractured plugging layer

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图 5 裂缝性封堵层失效前结构示意图

Figure 5. Structure diagram of the fractured plugging layer before failure

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图 6 气体扩散降黏过程示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the gas diffusion viscosity reduction process

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图 7 气蚀剪切剥离过程示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the cavitation shear stripping process

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图 8 封堵层气液置换错位剪切失稳过程示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the shear instability process of gas-liquid displacement mismatch in the plugging layer

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图 9 静态封堵评价装置结构示意图

Figure 9. Structure diagram of the static plugging evaluation device

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图 10 钢制裂缝岩心示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of the steel fractured core

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表 1 塔中区块试验井储层段岩心全烃含量统计结果

Table 1. Statistical results of total hydrocarbon content in cores collected from tested wells in the Tazhong block

井深/m	钻时效率/(min·m^-1)	TG	C₁	C₂	C₃	iC₄	nC₄	iC₅	nC₅
井深/m	钻时效率/(min·m^-1)	w_B/%
7 319	76	61.013	53.909 5	0.077 6	0.004 1	0.000 6	0.005 6	0.000 6	0.001 5
7 320	54	54.779	48.323 4	0.073 8	0.005 5	0.001 1	0.001 9	0.000 6	0.004 1
7 321	28	55.049	48.533 7	0.075 4	0.005 6	0.000 6	0.003 1	0.000 6	0.003 3
7 322	37	55.822	49.516 2	0.076 0	0.007 0	0.000 6	0.002 8	0.001 1	0.005 3
7 323	34	59.339	52.684 1	0.079 1	0.005 9	0.000 6	0.003 0	0.002 4	0.005 3
7 324	30	66.133	58.868 7	0.086 0	0.007 3	0.000 9	0.004 9	0.002 3	0.004 7
7 325	26	66.226	61.030 8	0.091 4	0.007 2	0.001 0	0.001 4	0.000 9	0.005 2

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表 2 裂缝正向承压封堵实验

Table 2. Fracture forward pressure-bearing plugging experiment

裂缝形状	裂缝宽度/mm	正向承压值/MPa	累计漏失量/mL	临界封堵时间/min
平行缝	2×2	6	16	17
楔形缝	2×1.5	6	10	15
平行缝	2×2	6	14	19
楔形缝	2×1.5	6	12	13
注：正向承压值是指封堵层形成的承压值(MPa)；临界封堵时间是指完全形成封堵层不再发生漏失时的时间(min)

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表 3 封堵层反向承压评价实验

Table 3. Reversed pressure-bearing evaluation experiment of the plugging layer

反向驱替流体	裂缝形状	裂缝宽度/mm	反向承压值/MPa	临界时间/min
0#柴油	平行缝	2×2	2.0	22
0#柴油	楔形缝	2×1.5	2.5	30
氮气(N₂)	平行缝	2×2	1.5	10
氮气(N₂)	楔形缝	2×1.5	1.0	12
注：反向承压值是指进行反向驱替时封堵层所能承受的最大压力值(MPa)；临界时间是反向驱替过程中封堵层发生破坏时的时间

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