Characterization and evaluation of fractal dimension of intersalt shale oil reservoirs in Qianjiang Depression
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摘要:
目前, 众多学者从地球化学特征、储层物性特征等方面对潜江凹陷潜江组页岩展开了较多研究, 并取得了一定的进展, 但对其孔隙的复杂性、形成孔喉的主要矿物及其影响因素的分析存在盲点。依据分形理论, 结合氮气吸附实验、高压压汞实验, 选取沉积位置不同的BX7井以及BYY2井, 分别对潜三段第四亚段(E
q 34-10)页岩的比表面分形特征、孔隙结构分形特征以及孔喉分形特征进行了评价, 分析了其影响因素。结果表明, 该地区的孔隙表面较为平整, 比表面分形维数D 1趋近于2, 孔隙表面的粗糙程度主要受黏土矿物本身特性影响。相较于沉积边缘的BX7井, 位于沉积中心的BYY2井储层孔隙结构分形特征更为简单。小孔径孔隙的孔体积所占比例越大, 孔隙结构分形特征越复杂。BX7井储层孔隙结构分形维数D 2主要受黏土矿物以及石英的影响, 而BYY2井储层孔隙结构分形维数D 2主要受白云石的影响。白云石为构成BX7井储层孔喉的主要矿物, 随白云石增加, 孔喉特征复杂, 连通性变差。BYY2井储层中石英形成的孔喉直径较小, 石英的增加会使孔隙连通性变差; 方解石形成的孔喉直径较大。页岩油的赋存会使孔隙的分形维数变小, 对孔喉分形特征的影响较小。盐类矿物的存在会阻塞孔隙, 使孔隙连通性变差。Abstract:At present, studies of the shales in Qianjiang Formation from the Qianjiang Depression has been widely documented and significant progress has been made in the aspects of geochemical characteristics and reservoir physical properties.However, the complexity of pores, the main minerals forming pore throats and their influencing factors is still poorly understood. In this work, based on fractal theory and combined with nitrogen adsorption and high-pressure mercury injection experiments, Wells BX7 and BYY2 at different deposition locations were selected to evaluate the specific surface fractal characteristics, pore structure fractal characteristics and pore throat fractal characteristics of the E
q 34-10 rhythmic shale of the Qianjiang Formation and analyses the influencing factors.The results show that the pore surface of shale in study are a is relatively flat, with the fractal dimension D1 being close to 2, and the roughness of the pore surface is mainly affected by the characteristics of the clay minerals. Compared with Well BX7 at the sedimentary edge, Well BYY2 at the sedimentary center has simpler fractal characteristics of reservoir pore structure. The larger the proportion of pore volume with a small pore size is, the more complex the fractal characteristics of the pore structure are. The fractal dimensionD 2 of the reservoir pore structure in Well BX7 is mainly affected by clay minerals and quartz, while dolomiteis the dominant controlling factor for the fractal dimensionD 2 of the reservoir pore structure in Well BYY2. Dolomite is the main mineral that constitutes the pore throat of the Well BX7 reservoir. With the increase in dolomite, the pore throat features are complex, and the pore connectivity becomes poor. The pore throat diameter formed by quartz in the Well BYY2 reservoir is small.The increase in quartz will worsen the pore connectivity, and the pore throat diameter formed by calcite is large. The occurrence of shale oil will reduce the fractal dimension of pores and have little influence on the fractal characteristics of pore throats. The presence of salt minerals can block the pores and make the pore connectivity poor.-
Key words:
- fractal characteristics /
- shale reservoir /
- Qianjiang Formation /
- Qianjiang Depression
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图 1 潜江凹陷沉积相及取样位置图
Figure 1. Sedimentary facies and sampling location of Qianjiang Depression
图 2 潜江凹陷潜江组Eq34-10韵律页岩样品孔隙类型及有机质赋存状态
A.层间孔，粒间孔，BX7井，3 046.98 m；B.层间孔，粒间孔，BX7井，3 055.32 m；C.溶蚀孔，BX7井，3 046.98 m；D.有机质在粒间孔以及层间孔内赋存，BX7井，3 055.32 m；E.白云石晶间孔，BYY2井，2 817.11 m；F.粒间孔，BYY2井，2 817.51 m；G.白云石晶间孔，BYY2井，2 817.51 m；H.有机质在白云石晶间孔内赋存，BYY2井，2 814.67 m；I.有机质在粒间孔内赋存，BYY2井，2 817.11 m
Figure 2. Pore types and organic matter occurrence state of Qianjiang Formation Eq34-10 rhythmic shale samples in Qianjiang Depression
图 3 潜江凹陷潜江组Eq34-10韵律页岩样品抽提前后低温氮气吸附曲线特征
Figure 3. Characteristics of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption curve before and after extraction of Qianjiang Formation Eq34-10 rhythmic shale samples in Qianjiang Depression
图 4 潜江凹陷潜江组Eq34-10韵律页岩样品抽提前后比孔容、比表面积变化柱状图
Figure 4. Histograms of specific pore volume and specific surface area before and after extraction of Qianjiang Formation Eq34-10 rhythmic shale samples in Qianjiang Depression
图 5 潜江凹陷潜江组Eq34-10韵律页岩样品抽提前后压汞曲线特征
Figure 5. Mercury injection curve characteristics before and after extraction in Qianjiang Formation Eq34-10 rhythmic shale samples in Qianjiang Depression
图 6 潜江凹陷潜江组Eq34-10韵律页岩样品抽提前后不同孔径进汞量分布曲线
Figure 6. Distribution curve of mercury intrusion in different pore sizes of before and after extraction in Qianjiang Formation Eq34-10 rhythmic shale samples in Qianjiang Depression
图 7 由N2气体吸附等温线重建的lnV和ln(ln(P/P0))图
Figure 7. Plots of lnV and ln(ln(P/P0)) derived from N2 gas adsorption isotherms
图 8 由高压压汞数据重建的lnS和lnr图
Figure 8. Plots of lnS and lnr obtained from high-pressure mercury injection data
图 9 江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组Eq34-10韵律BX7井页岩样品矿物成分对孔隙分形维数的影响
Figure 9. Influence of mineral composition on pore fractal dimension of shale samples from Well BX7 in Eq34-10 rhythm of Qianjiang Formation, Qianjiang Depression, Jianghan Basin
图 10 江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组Eq34-10韵律BYY2井页岩样品矿物成分对孔隙分形维数的影响
Figure 10. Influence of mineral composition on pore fractal dimension of shale samples from Well BYY2 in Eq34-10 rhythm of Qianjiang Formation, Qianjiang Sag, Jianghan Basin
图 11 江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组Eq34-10韵律BX72井页岩样品矿物成分对孔喉分形维数(D3)的影响
Figure 11. Influence of mineral composition on fractal dimension (D3) of pore throat of shale samples from Well BX72 in Eq34-10 rhythm of Qianjiang Formation, Qianjiang Sag, Jianghan Basin
图 12 江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组Eq34-10韵律BYY2井页岩样品矿物成分对孔喉分形维数(D3-1, D3-2)的影响
Figure 12. Influence of mineral composition on fractal dimension (D3-1, D3-2) of pore throat of shale samples from Well BYY2 in Eq34-10 rhythm of Qianjiang Formation, Qianjiang Depression, Jianghan Basin
图 13 江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组Eq34-10韵律页岩样品盐类矿物对孔隙分形维数的影响
Figure 13. Influence of salt minerals on fractal dimension of pore throat of shale samples in Eq34-10 rhythm of Qianjiang Formation, Qianjiang Depression, Jianghan Basin
表 1 BX7井以及BYY2井样品矿物成分特征
Table 1. Mineral composition characteristics of samples from Wells BX7 and BYY2
样品 深度/m w(TOC)/% 黏土 石英 长石 方解石 白云石 黄铁矿 石膏 硬石膏 石盐 钙芒硝 wB/% BX7-1 3 046.490 2.070 21.96 12.60 16.53 14.59 31.90 2.43 \ \ \ \ BX7-2 3 046.980 2.870 13.47 18.88 17.42 20.22 27.32 2.69 \ \ \ \ BX7-6 3 049.020 1.400 18.13 22.47 13.02 30.27 14.43 1.68 \ \ \ \ BX7-11 3 051.820 1.010 6.44 9.58 4.79 10.19 66.08 2.92 \ \ \ \ BX7-15 3 053.720 2.430 37.87 25.42 10.27 8.74 11.56 3.72 2.43 \ \ \ BX7-18 3 055.320 0.815 5.53 17.11 16.28 25.78 33.36 1.94 \ \ \ \ BX7-25 3 060.110 0.969 8.24 8.11 20.47 13.65 46.73 2.80 \ \ \ \ BYY2-21 2 814.450 1.830 9.13 13.87 21.37 36.25 15.17 1.94 \ \ 2.27 \ BYY2-90 2 817.105 2.440 19.96 8.60 28.35 5.17 29.71 2.68 \ 3.59 1.95 \ BYY2-101 2 817.505 2.050 19.64 8.40 30.39 13.49 22.13 1.68 \ \ 0.85 3.43 BYY2-161 2 820.230 1.150 15.50 9.52 20.54 1.60 44.38 1.70 2.43 2.11 2.22 \ 
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表 2 基于N2气体吸附以及高压压汞数据重建计算分形维数值
Table 2. Calculation of fractal dimension values based on N2 gas adsorption and high-pressure mercury injection data
样品 氮气吸附实验 高压压汞实验 D1 D2 D3 BX7-1 抽提前 2.100 5 2.284 9 2.829 抽提后 2.358 4 2.579 0 2.898 BX7-2 抽提前 2.097 0 2.383 8 2.824 抽提后 2.348 5 2.641 7 2.828 BX7-6 抽提前 1.743 6 2.513 3 2.883 抽提后 2.407 2 2.659 5 2.886 BX7-11 抽提前 / / 2.844 抽提后 / / 2.955 BX7-15 抽提前 1.807 6 2.491 8 2.745 抽提后 2.483 9 2.676 3 2.790 BX7-18 抽提前 1.975 9 2.269 6 2.811 抽提后 2.241 3 2.561 9 2.821 BX7-25 抽提前 1.736 4 2.283 4 / 抽提后 2.359 6 2.538 0 / 样品 氮气吸附实验 高压压汞实验 D1 D2 D3-1 D3-2 BYY2-21 抽提前 1.792 1 2.258 5 2.89 2.76 抽提后 2.386 4 2.344 1 2.96 2.89 BYY2-90 抽提前 1.861 2 2.272 6 2.98 2.71 抽提后 2.384 1 2.384 8 2.88 2.80 BYY2-101 抽提前 2.033 1 2.190 0 2.77 2.84 抽提后 2.415 1 2.345 6 2.80 2.88 BYY2-161 抽提前 1.744 9 2.326 6 2.90 2.88 抽提后 2.286 1 2.403 1 2.91 2.78
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