纳米塑料颗粒在饱和多孔介质中的迁移规律

叶芯瑶; 吴鸣; 胡晓农; 程洲; 莫测辉

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0064

纳米塑料颗粒在饱和多孔介质中的迁移规律

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0064

叶芯瑶^{1a, 1b,},
吴鸣^{1a, 1b, ,},
胡晓农^{1a, 1b, 2},
程洲³,
莫测辉^{1a, 1b}

1a.
暨南大学广东省环境污染与修复材料工程技术研究中心, 广州 510632
1b.
暨南大学生命科学技术学院, 广州 510632
2.
济南大学水利与环境学院, 济南 250022
3.
广东省环境科学研究院, 广州 510045

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41902246

广东省自然科学基金项目 2020A1515010447

详细信息

作者简介:
叶芯瑶(1997—)，女，现正攻读环境工程专业硕士学位，主要从事地下水污染的研究工作。E-mail: 3212435673@qq.com

通讯作者:
吴鸣(1989—)，男，副教授，主要从事地下水污染与防治研究工作。E-mail: wumingnj@foxmail.com

中图分类号: X131
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-13
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-07

Migration mechanism of nanoplastic particles in saturated porous media

Ye Xinyao^{1a, 1b
,},
Wu Ming^{1a, 1b
, ,},
Hu Xiaonong^{1a, 1b, 2},
Cheng Zhou³,
Mo Cehui^{1a, 1b}

1a.
Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
1b.
College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2.
School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
3.
Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China

摘要

摘要:
针对纳米塑料颗粒在饱和多孔介质中的迁移及其影响因素, 以纳米聚苯乙烯(PSNPs)作为典型纳米塑料颗粒, 通过实验和理论相结合的方法研究纳米塑料颗粒的迁移规律。以经典DLVO理论计算出PSNPs与石英砂颗粒之间的相互作用能, 分析预测PSNPs与石英砂之间的吸附、聚沉。在柱实验中, 以石英砂作为多孔介质填充到砂柱中, 让PSNPs在一维饱和砂柱中迁移, 研究不同条件下PSNPs的迁移行为和影响因素。结果表明, 当离子强度由1 mmol/L增至50 mmol/L(电解质为NaCl), PSNPs与石英砂颗粒之间的相互作用能的势垒则从215.13 KT逐渐降低至45.9 KT使得PSNPs更易于吸附在石英砂介质表面, 从而降低PSNPs在多孔介质中的迁移能力, PSNPs的穿透率由62.16%降至3.65%。当离子强度由0.1 mmol/L增至5 mmol/L(电解质为CaCl₂)时, 势垒则由33.72 KT降至14.03 KT, PSNPs的穿透率从82.46%降至4.27%。这些实验现象说明增加离子强度对PSNPs的穿透起到抑制作用, 且Ca²⁺比Na⁺具有更强的电荷屏蔽作用。同时提高PSNPs的初始浓度、流速和介质粒径均可增大PSNPs的穿透率, 而大粒径PNSPs颗粒的穿透率则较小。研究中构建了PSNPs实际运移与理论之间的关系, 进一步推进PSNPs的环境行为和机理研究, 为系统全面评价纳米塑料颗粒在土壤-地下水中的环境风险和生态安全提供科学依据。
- 纳米塑料 /
- 多孔介质 /
- 迁移 /
- DLVO理论 /
- 实验
Abstract:
To investigate the migration of nanoplastic particles in saturated porous media and the associated influencing factors, polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) are selected as typical nanoplastics in this study. The migration behavior and mechanism of PSNPs in saturated porous media is investigated through a combination of physical experiments and DLVO theory. First, the interaction energy between PSNPs and quartz sand particles is calculated based on DLVO theory, and then a column experiment is conducted to investigate the characteristics of PSNP migration in porous media under different conditions.According to the experimental results, when the ionic strength (NaCl) increases from 1 mmol/L to 50 mmol/L, the value of the energy barrier between PSNPs and quartz sand based on DLVO theory gradually decreases from 215.13 KT to 45.9 KT. PSNPs are easier to be adsorbed on the surface of quartz sand media, thereby reducing the migration ability of PSNPs in porous media, the penetration rate consequently decreases from 62.16% to 3.65%. When the ionic strength (CaCl₂) increases from 0.1 mmol/L to 5 mmol/L, the value of the energy barrier decreases from 33.72 KT to 14.03 KT, and the penetration rate decreases from 82.46% to 4.27%. These experimental phenomena indicate that increasing the ionic strength can inhibit the penetration of PSNPs, and Ca²⁺ has a stronger charge shielding effect than Na⁺. At the same time, increasing the initial concentration, flow rate and particle size of the medium can increase the penetration rate of PSNPs, while the penetration rate of large-diameter PNSPs particles is smaller. The implementation of this research will contribute to further understanding the environmental behavior and risks of nanoplastics in porous media and provide a scientific basis for accurately predicting and assessing the environmental risks of nanoplastics in soil-groundwater systems.
- nanoplastic /
- porous media /
- migration /
- DLVO theory /
- experiment

HTML全文

图 1 一维砂柱实验装置示意图

Figure 1. One-dimensional sand column experimental installation

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图 2 石英砂扫描电镜图(a, b)和PSNPs扫描电镜图(c, d)

Figure 2. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) of quartz sand (a, b) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of PSNPs (c, d)

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图 3 NaCl溶液中介质与PSNPs的势能计算(a)、NaCl溶液中PSNPs与PSNPs的势能计算(b)、CaCl₂溶液中介质与PSNPs的势能计算(c)和CaCl₂溶液中PSNPs与PSNPs的势能计算(d)

Figure 3. (a) Estimationof DLVO potential energy between medium and PSNPs in NaCl solution; (b) Estimationof DLVO potential energy between PSNPs and PSNPs in NaCl solution; (c) Estimationof DLVO potential energy between medium and PSNPs in CaCl₂ solution; (d) Estimationof DLVO potential energy between PSNPs and PSNPs in CaCl₂ solution

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图 4 不同浓度条件下(a)和不同流速条件下的PSNPs穿透曲线(b)

Figure 4. Breakthrough curves(BTCs) of PSNPs under different concentration conditions(a) and under different flow rate conditions (b)

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图 5 不同PSNPs粒径条件下(a)和不同介质粒径条件下(b)的穿透曲线

Figure 5. BTCs under different PSNPs particle size conditions(a) and under different media particle size conditions(b)

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图 6 NaCl条件下(a)和CaCl₂条件下(b)的PSNPs穿透曲线

Figure 6. BTCs of PSNPs under different NaCl concentration(a) and under different CaCl₂ conditions(b)

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表 1 PSNPs和石英砂在不同条件下的Zeta值和粒径值

Table 1. Zeta potential and particle size of PSNPs and quartz sand under various conditions

离子类型	离子强度/ (mmol· L^-1)	Zeta电位/mV		PSNPs粒径/ nm	PSNPs-介质
离子类型	离子强度/ (mmol· L^-1)	介质	PSNPs	PSNPs粒径/ nm	能量势垒/ KT	能量势阱/ KT
NaCl	0.1	-55.13	-46.15	27.16	115.42	-
	0.1	-55.13	-48.35	51.11	226.32	-
	0.1	-55.13	-50.89	108.61	502.94	-
	1.0	-54.98	-48.02	51.95	215.13	-
	5.0	-47.57	-39.74	53.17	141.73	-0.09
	10.0	-46.14	-35.74	55.74	117.42	-0.24
	50.0	-34.59	-29.50	56.65	45.90	-0.83
CaCl₂	0.1	-22.26	-17.07	55.34	33.72	0.27
	0.5	-18.59	-16.43	56.01	23.97	0.11
	1.0	-17.10	-14.30	58.10	14.28	0.02
	5.0	-15.96	-12.21	60.30	14.030	0.01
注：Zeta电位利用马尔文激光粒度仪(Zetasiser Nono ZS90)在25℃(±1℃)下测量，用滴管取至少1 mL样品，缓慢注入样品池并与其一端连接，测试单位为易析科技(广州)有限公司；PSNPs粒径利用马尔文激光粒度仪(Zetasiser Nono ZS90)在25℃(±1℃)下测量，缓慢注入溶液至样品池，装至15~20 mm之间后测量，测试单位为易析科技(广州)有限公司

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表 2 PSNPs在饱和石英砂柱中运移行为的数值模拟结果

Table 2. Numerical simulation of PSNPs migration in a saturated quartz sand column

序号	介质粒径/mm	PSNPs粒径/nm	离子强度/ (mmol·L^-1)	电解质		初始浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	流速/ (mL·min^-1)	穿透率/%
序号	介质粒径/mm	PSNPs粒径/nm	离子强度/ (mmol·L^-1)	NaCl	CaCl₂	初始浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	流速/ (mL·min^-1)	穿透率/%
1	0.425~0.50	60~65	0	0	0	50	1.0	83.19
2	0.425~0.50	60~65	0	0	0	100	1.0	92.95
3	0.425~0.50	60~65	0	0	0	200	1.0	98.92
4	0.425~0.50	60~65	0	0	0	100	0.1	79.84
5	0.425~0.50	60~65	0	0	0	100	0.5	89.62
6	0.425~0.50	60~65	1.0	1	0	100	1.0	62.16
7	0.425~0.50	60~65	5.0	5	0	100	1.0	61.24
8	0.425~0.50	60~65	10.0	10	0	100	1.0	55.32
9	0.425~0.50	60~65	50.0	50	0	100	1.0	3.65
10	0.425~0.50	60~65	0.1	0	0.1	100	1.0	82.46
11	0.425~0.50	60~65	0.5	0	0.5	100	1.0	18.92
12	0.425~0.50	60~65	1.0	0	1.0	100	1.0	11.03
13	0.425~0.50	60~65	5.0	0	5.0	100	1.0	4.27
14	0.710~0.85	60~65	0	0	0	100	1.0	97.39
15	0.150~0.18	60~65	0	0	0	100	1.0	29.30
16	0.425~0.50	20~25	0	0	0	100	1.0	98.16
17	0.425~0.50	90~95	0	0	0	100	1.0	78.38

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