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纳米塑料颗粒在饱和多孔介质中的迁移规律

叶芯瑶 吴鸣 胡晓农 程洲 莫测辉

叶芯瑶, 吴鸣, 胡晓农, 程洲, 莫测辉. 纳米塑料颗粒在饱和多孔介质中的迁移规律[J]. 地质科技通报, 2022, 41(4): 225-233. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0064
引用本文: 叶芯瑶, 吴鸣, 胡晓农, 程洲, 莫测辉. 纳米塑料颗粒在饱和多孔介质中的迁移规律[J]. 地质科技通报, 2022, 41(4): 225-233. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0064
Ye Xinyao, Wu Ming, Hu Xiaonong, Cheng Zhou, Mo Cehui. Migration mechanism of nanoplastic particles in saturated porous media[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2022, 41(4): 225-233. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0064
Citation: Ye Xinyao, Wu Ming, Hu Xiaonong, Cheng Zhou, Mo Cehui. Migration mechanism of nanoplastic particles in saturated porous media[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2022, 41(4): 225-233. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0064

纳米塑料颗粒在饱和多孔介质中的迁移规律

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0064
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 41902246

广东省自然科学基金项目 2020A1515010447

详细信息
    作者简介:

    叶芯瑶(1997—),女,现正攻读环境工程专业硕士学位,主要从事地下水污染的研究工作。E-mail: 3212435673@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    吴鸣(1989—),男,副教授,主要从事地下水污染与防治研究工作。E-mail: wumingnj@foxmail.com

  • 中图分类号: X131

Migration mechanism of nanoplastic particles in saturated porous media

  • 摘要:

    针对纳米塑料颗粒在饱和多孔介质中的迁移及其影响因素, 以纳米聚苯乙烯(PSNPs)作为典型纳米塑料颗粒, 通过实验和理论相结合的方法研究纳米塑料颗粒的迁移规律。以经典DLVO理论计算出PSNPs与石英砂颗粒之间的相互作用能, 分析预测PSNPs与石英砂之间的吸附、聚沉。在柱实验中, 以石英砂作为多孔介质填充到砂柱中, 让PSNPs在一维饱和砂柱中迁移, 研究不同条件下PSNPs的迁移行为和影响因素。结果表明, 当离子强度由1 mmol/L增至50 mmol/L(电解质为NaCl), PSNPs与石英砂颗粒之间的相互作用能的势垒则从215.13 KT逐渐降低至45.9 KT使得PSNPs更易于吸附在石英砂介质表面, 从而降低PSNPs在多孔介质中的迁移能力, PSNPs的穿透率由62.16%降至3.65%。当离子强度由0.1 mmol/L增至5 mmol/L(电解质为CaCl2)时, 势垒则由33.72 KT降至14.03 KT, PSNPs的穿透率从82.46%降至4.27%。这些实验现象说明增加离子强度对PSNPs的穿透起到抑制作用, 且Ca2+比Na+具有更强的电荷屏蔽作用。同时提高PSNPs的初始浓度、流速和介质粒径均可增大PSNPs的穿透率, 而大粒径PNSPs颗粒的穿透率则较小。研究中构建了PSNPs实际运移与理论之间的关系, 进一步推进PSNPs的环境行为和机理研究, 为系统全面评价纳米塑料颗粒在土壤-地下水中的环境风险和生态安全提供科学依据。

     

  • 图 1  一维砂柱实验装置示意图

    Figure 1.  One-dimensional sand column experimental installation

    图 2  石英砂扫描电镜图(a, b)和PSNPs扫描电镜图(c, d)

    Figure 2.  Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) of quartz sand (a, b) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of PSNPs (c, d)

    图 3  NaCl溶液中介质与PSNPs的势能计算(a)、NaCl溶液中PSNPs与PSNPs的势能计算(b)、CaCl2溶液中介质与PSNPs的势能计算(c)和CaCl2溶液中PSNPs与PSNPs的势能计算(d)

    Figure 3.  (a) Estimationof DLVO potential energy between medium and PSNPs in NaCl solution; (b) Estimationof DLVO potential energy between PSNPs and PSNPs in NaCl solution; (c) Estimationof DLVO potential energy between medium and PSNPs in CaCl2 solution; (d) Estimationof DLVO potential energy between PSNPs and PSNPs in CaCl2 solution

    图 4  不同浓度条件下(a)和不同流速条件下的PSNPs穿透曲线(b)

    Figure 4.  Breakthrough curves(BTCs) of PSNPs under different concentration conditions(a) and under different flow rate conditions (b)

    图 5  不同PSNPs粒径条件下(a)和不同介质粒径条件下(b)的穿透曲线

    Figure 5.  BTCs under different PSNPs particle size conditions(a) and under different media particle size conditions(b)

    图 6  NaCl条件下(a)和CaCl2条件下(b)的PSNPs穿透曲线

    Figure 6.  BTCs of PSNPs under different NaCl concentration(a) and under different CaCl2 conditions(b)

    表  1  PSNPs和石英砂在不同条件下的Zeta值和粒径值

    Table  1.   Zeta potential and particle size of PSNPs and quartz sand under various conditions

    离子类型 离子强度/ (mmol· L-1) Zeta电位/mV PSNPs粒径/ nm PSNPs-介质
    介质 PSNPs 能量势垒/ KT 能量势阱/ KT
    NaCl 0.1 -55.13 -46.15 27.16 115.42 -
    0.1 -55.13 -48.35 51.11 226.32 -
    0.1 -55.13 -50.89 108.61 502.94 -
    1.0 -54.98 -48.02 51.95 215.13 -
    5.0 -47.57 -39.74 53.17 141.73 -0.09
    10.0 -46.14 -35.74 55.74 117.42 -0.24
    50.0 -34.59 -29.50 56.65 45.90 -0.83
    CaCl2 0.1 -22.26 -17.07 55.34 33.72 0.27
    0.5 -18.59 -16.43 56.01 23.97 0.11
    1.0 -17.10 -14.30 58.10 14.28 0.02
    5.0 -15.96 -12.21 60.30 14.030 0.01
    注:Zeta电位利用马尔文激光粒度仪(Zetasiser Nono ZS90)在25℃(±1℃)下测量,用滴管取至少1 mL样品,缓慢注入样品池并与其一端连接,测试单位为易析科技(广州)有限公司;PSNPs粒径利用马尔文激光粒度仪(Zetasiser Nono ZS90)在25℃(±1℃)下测量,缓慢注入溶液至样品池,装至15~20 mm之间后测量,测试单位为易析科技(广州)有限公司
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  PSNPs在饱和石英砂柱中运移行为的数值模拟结果

    Table  2.   Numerical simulation of PSNPs migration in a saturated quartz sand column

    序号 介质粒径/mm PSNPs粒径/nm 离子强度/ (mmol·L-1) 电解质 初始浓度/ (mg·L-1) 流速/ (mL·min-1) 穿透率/%
    NaCl CaCl2
    1 0.425~0.50 60~65 0 0 0 50 1.0 83.19
    2 0.425~0.50 60~65 0 0 0 100 1.0 92.95
    3 0.425~0.50 60~65 0 0 0 200 1.0 98.92
    4 0.425~0.50 60~65 0 0 0 100 0.1 79.84
    5 0.425~0.50 60~65 0 0 0 100 0.5 89.62
    6 0.425~0.50 60~65 1.0 1 0 100 1.0 62.16
    7 0.425~0.50 60~65 5.0 5 0 100 1.0 61.24
    8 0.425~0.50 60~65 10.0 10 0 100 1.0 55.32
    9 0.425~0.50 60~65 50.0 50 0 100 1.0 3.65
    10 0.425~0.50 60~65 0.1 0 0.1 100 1.0 82.46
    11 0.425~0.50 60~65 0.5 0 0.5 100 1.0 18.92
    12 0.425~0.50 60~65 1.0 0 1.0 100 1.0 11.03
    13 0.425~0.50 60~65 5.0 0 5.0 100 1.0 4.27
    14 0.710~0.85 60~65 0 0 0 100 1.0 97.39
    15 0.150~0.18 60~65 0 0 0 100 1.0 29.30
    16 0.425~0.50 20~25 0 0 0 100 1.0 98.16
    17 0.425~0.50 90~95 0 0 0 100 1.0 78.38
    下载: 导出CSV
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