碳酸盐岩古溶洞层级约束地质建模方法探讨：以塔河油田奥陶系某缝洞单元为例

张文彪; 段太忠; 何治亮; 赵华伟; 刘彦锋; 鲍典

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0067

碳酸盐岩古溶洞层级约束地质建模方法探讨：以塔河油田奥陶系某缝洞单元为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0067

张文彪^{1, 2,},
段太忠²,
何治亮^3, ,,
赵华伟²,
刘彦锋²,
鲍典⁴

基金项目:

中国科学院战略先导A项目子课题 XDA14010204

中国石化科技部项目 P20064-2

详细信息

作者简介:
张文彪(1984—)，男，高级工程师，主要从事油气田开发地质及三维地质建模研究工作。E-mail：zwb.syky@sinopec.com

通讯作者:
何治亮(1963—)，男，教授级高级工程师，主要从事石油地质研究工作。E-mail: hezhiliang@sinopec.com

中图分类号: P588.24⁺5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-12

Hierarchical constraint geological modelling method for carbonate paleokarst caves: A case study of Ordovician fracture-cavern unit in Tahe Oilfield

摘要

摘要:
碳酸盐岩地下古溶洞及其内部充填结构一直以来是地质建模的难点。综合地震、地质、测井等资料，提出了溶洞复合体、单一溶洞及溶洞内部充填结构3个层次逐级约束建模的思路，探索了基于多点地质统计学的溶洞内部充填结构建模方法。其中溶洞复合体属于较大尺度地质体单元，地震分辨率基本可识别，井震联合反演约束下采用截断高斯模拟方法建立溶洞复合体模型；单一溶洞是溶洞复合体的重要组成单元，属于中等尺度地质体单元，地震分辨率难以直接识别，基于大量露头实测数据，在溶洞复合体约束下采用基于目标的方法建立单一溶洞分布模型；溶洞内部充填结构属于小尺度地质体单元，地震分辨率很难识别，在单一溶洞约束下，尝试采用多点地质统计学方法建立溶洞内部充填结构模型。以上层级约束建模思路有助于提升地下古溶洞及其内部储集体地质建模的准确度，在塔河油田某缝洞单元测试中取得了初步效果，同时讨论了存在问题及攻关方向。该研究对于精细表征缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏具有指导和启示作用。
- 地质建模 /
- 古溶洞 /
- 洞穴充填 /
- 多点地质统计学 /
- 碳酸盐岩
Abstract:
The characteristics of carbonate paleokarst cave and filling have always been the difficulty of characterization and modelling. Based on the seismic, geological and logging data, this paper puts forward the idea of three-level progressive modelling of karst cave complex, single karst cave and karst cave internal filling. The karst cave complex is a large-scale geological body, which can be identified by seismic in most cases. The truncated Gaussian simulation method is used to establish the karst cave complex model; the single karst cave belongs to the medium-scale geological body, and which is difficult to beidentified by seismic. Based on a large number of outcrops measured data, the single karst cave distribution model is established by using the target based indicative point process simulation method; the internal filling of karst cave is small.It is barely recognizable by seismic waves at current resolutions. The multi-point geostatistics method is applied to establish a single karst cave internal filling structure model. The "three-step" modeling idea of hierarchical constraint can gradually reduce the uncertainty of geological model, improve the accuracy of geological modelling.The new idea was tested by a case study in a fracture-cavity unit in Tahe Oilfield, and the related issues and study directions of the new idea were discussed. The test results indicate that the "three-step" modeling idea karst cave reservoir, and the implementation effect is remarkable.
- geological modelling /
- paleokarst cave /
- cave filling /
- multipoint geostatistics /
- carbonate

HTML全文

图 1 西克尔某野外露头溶洞识别及几何参数测量

Figure 1. Identification and geometric parameter measurement of an outcrop karst cave in Xiker

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图 2 古溶洞系统层级关系划分

Figure 2. Hierarchy of paleokarst cavern system

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图 3 地下古溶洞层级约束三维建模方法

Figure 3. 3D geological modelling process of paleokarst cave and its internal filling features

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图 4 基于地震相对波阻抗属性预测古溶洞发育概率

Figure 4. Prediction of paleokarst cave development probability based on seismic texture attributes

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图 5 基于截断高斯的溶洞复合体建模结果

a.溶洞复合体建模结果二维剖面; b.溶洞复合体建模结果三维展示

Figure 5. Modelling results of cave complexes based on truncated Gauss simulation

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图 6 溶洞复合体约束下基于目标模拟得到的单一溶洞分布(溶洞编号为随机)

a.单一溶洞分布模拟结果二维剖面; b.单一溶洞模拟结果三维分布

Figure 6. Single cave distribution(cave number is random) based on target simulation under the constraint of karst complex

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图 7 单一溶洞内部充填结构三维训练图像获取

a.溶洞充填三维分布; b.溶洞充填栅状图; c.溶洞充填二维剖面; d.溶洞充填二维剖面

Figure 7. 3D training image acquisition of single cave filling features

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图 8 单一溶洞充填多点地质统计学建模结果

a.溶洞充填结构模拟结果剖面; b.溶洞充填结构三维模拟结果

Figure 8. Multipoint geostatistical modelling results of single cave filling features

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表 1 西克尔露头剖面溶洞主体结构部分参数统计

Table 1. Statistics of the main structural parameters of paleokarst caves in Xiker outcrop profile

野外露头溶洞编号	宽度/m	高度/m	剖面形态特征
①	1.5	2.8	椭圆形
②	2.3	1.6	豆荚状
③	4.5	2.2	椭圆形
④	1.9	5.8	椭圆形
⑤	3.2	4.9	豆荚状
⑥	5.5	4.2	椭圆形
⑦	5.1	7.7	椭圆形

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表 2 地下古溶洞层级关系及表征资料

Table 2. Hierarchical relationship and characterization data of paleokarst caverns

类型	地质含义	表征尺度	表征资料
溶洞复合体	相似地质成因背景的一簇溶洞体组合	几十米~百米级	大型露头、测井解释、地震基本可识别
单一溶洞	基本的溶洞单元，形态差异取决于是否属于同一成因系统	几米~十米级	露头、测井解释、地震可探测但难准确刻画
溶洞内部充填	决定溶洞储集性能的关键因素，差异性取决于主控因素	分米~几米级	露头、测井解释

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