Deformation and evolution characteristics of landslides with multiple sliding zones based on physical model test
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摘要: 滑坡变形演化特征一直是滑坡灾害预测与防治领域急需解决的关键问题, 但对于多层滑带滑坡的变形演化特征却少有研究。以物理模型试验为手段建立了三层滑带滑坡物理试验模型, 完成了多层滑带滑坡变形演化全过程的模拟。基于PIV技术获取坡表位移数据, 通过柔性测斜仪监测滑坡深部位移, 同时布设土压力盒获取滑坡内部土压力的变化情况, 实现了多层滑带滑坡演化过程多参量数据分析。试验结果表明, 多层滑带滑坡破坏过程可分为初始、等速、加速和破坏4个阶段。不同破坏阶段滑坡的主要变形区域不同, 下层滑体受到上层滑体牵引作用, 在重力和推力作用下滑坡变形逐渐向浅层发展。变形过程中滑坡应力逐渐向滑带集中, 滑坡推力沿埋深方向呈多级梯形分布。加速变形阶段滑带处应力迅速增大, 滑坡体内产生多层应力集中带, 滑带位置推力变化与滑坡位移显著相关。Abstract: The deformation and evolution characteristics of landslides has always been a key problem to be solved in the field of landslide disaster prediction and prevention, but there are few studies on the deformation evolution characteristics of multiple sliding zone landslides. A physical model of landslides with three sliding zones has been developed to study the whole deformation evolution process of landslides with multiple sliding zones. To realize multiparameter data analysis of multiple sliding zone landslide evolution processes. The displacement data of the slope surface are obtained by PIV technology, and the deep displacement of the landslide is monitored by a flexible inclinometer. At the same time, the soil pressure box is arranged to obtain the change in the internal soil pressure of the landslide. The experimental results show that the failure of multiple sliding zone landslides can be divided into four stages: the initial deformation stage, uniform deformation stage, accelerated deformation stage and failure stage. The main deformation area of the landslide is different in different stages.The deformation of the lower sliding mass gradually develops to shallow depths under the action of gravity and thrust due to the traction of the upper sliding mass. During the deformation process, the stress of the landslide gradually concentrates to the sliding zone, and the landslide thrust presents a multilevel trapezoidal distribution in the direction of depth. During the accelerated deformation stage, the stress at the sliding zone increases rapidly, multilayer stress concentration zones occur in the landslide body, and the thrust change at the sliding zone position is significantly related to the landslide displacement.
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图 1 模型框架图
M1.浅层滑体; M2.中层滑体; M3.深层滑体; S1.浅层滑带; S2.中层滑带; S3.深层滑带
Figure 1. Frame diagram of the landslide model
图 4 典型监测点与加载的时间序列
Figure 4. Relationship between typical monitoring points and loading time sequence
图 10 3层滑带滑坡后缘、中部和前部土压力深度变化曲线(括号中为推力)
Figure 10. Depth variation curve of earth pressure at trailing edge, middle and front
图 11 单层滑带滑坡后缘、中部和前缘土压力深度变化[30]
Figure 11. Variation in earth pressure depth in the rear, middle and front of a single-layer sliding zone landslide
图 12 不同阶段土压力分布云图
Figure 12. Nephogram of earth pressure distribution in different stages
表 1 模型材料基本参数
Table 1. Basic parameters of model materials
容重/(g·cm-3) 黏聚力/kPa 摩擦角/(°) 含水率/% 滑体 1.69 20.6 21.8 8 滑带 1.63 1.2 20.2 8 
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