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西宁盆地地下热水的TDS分布特征及富集机理

孙红丽 王贵玲 蔺文静

孙红丽, 王贵玲, 蔺文静. 西宁盆地地下热水的TDS分布特征及富集机理[J]. 地质科技通报, 2022, 41(1): 278-287, 299. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0079
引用本文: 孙红丽, 王贵玲, 蔺文静. 西宁盆地地下热水的TDS分布特征及富集机理[J]. 地质科技通报, 2022, 41(1): 278-287, 299. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0079
Sun Hongli, Wang Guiling, Lin Wenjing. Distribution characteristics and enrichment mechanism of TDS geothermal water in Xining Basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2022, 41(1): 278-287, 299. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0079
Citation: Sun Hongli, Wang Guiling, Lin Wenjing. Distribution characteristics and enrichment mechanism of TDS geothermal water in Xining Basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2022, 41(1): 278-287, 299. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0079

西宁盆地地下热水的TDS分布特征及富集机理

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0079
基金项目: 

国家重点研发项目 2019YFB1504101

国家自然科学基金项目 41602271

中国地质调查项目 1212011220842

详细信息
    作者简介:

    孙红丽(1984-), 女, 助理研究员, 主要从事地热流体地球化学研究工作。E-mail: hlsun2008@126.com

    通讯作者:

    王贵玲(1964-), 男, 研究员, 博士生导师, 主要从事地热资源评价研究。E-mail: Guilingw@163.com

  • 中图分类号: P641

Distribution characteristics and enrichment mechanism of TDS geothermal water in Xining Basin

  • 摘要: 西宁盆地大部分地下热水中TDS含量较高,极大限制了地热水的可利用性,研究盆地地下水TDS的成因机理,可为后期指导地热资源开发利用提供参考价值。通过对西宁盆地药水滩至盆地中心沿线地下水的常、微量组分的分析,探讨了区内TDS的分布特征及富集机理。结果表明:从盆地边缘到盆地中心,地下水由HCO3-Ca·Mg型淡水逐渐向SO4·Cl-Na、SO4-Na型盐、卤水变化,地下水具有陆相沉积水特征,且变质程度逐渐增强;盆地内不同区域TDS的富集机理也有显著差异,盆地边缘以降水入渗、溶解混合作用为主,湟水中心区域以蒸发浓缩作用和混合、水-岩相互作用为主,而盆地中心区域则以深部沉积物质随热液上涌的混合作用和封闭环境下的水-岩相互作用为主。

     

  • 图 1  西宁盆地地质构造略图及采样点位与断裂位置示意图

    Figure 1.  Sketch of geological structure and sampling points and fault location in Xining Basin

    图 2  采样点位与TDS、水化学类型分布示意图

    研究区范围示意区:A.药水滩;B.湟中:C.西宁中心

    Figure 2.  Sketch of sampling points and the distribution of TDS and hydrochemical types

    图 3  采样井点井口温度(a)、TDS(b)随井点深度变化图

    Figure 3.  Variation of wellhead temperature (a) and TDS (b) with well depth

    图 4  西宁盆地地下水采样区ρ(TDS)箱式图

    Figure 4.  Box chart of TDS content of groundwater sampling areas in Xining Basin

    图 5  西宁盆地地下水主要离子Piper三线图

    Figure 5.  Piper diagram of main ions of the groundwater in Xining Basin

    图 6  代表性离子比例系数与ρ(TDS)散点图

    Figure 6.  Scatter plot of representative ions′ proportional coefficient and TDS

    图 7  研究区内地下水ρ(TDS)吉布斯分布图

    Figure 7.  Gibbs distribution of TDS of the groundwater in the study area

    表  1  西宁盆地地下水主要化学指标测试结果

    Table  1.   Detection results of main chemicalindexes of groundwater in Xining Basin

    类型 采样编号 pH T/℃ TDS K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- SO42- HCO3- CO32- Sr 类型
    ρB/(mg·L-1)
    药水滩热水 Yh01 7.12 35 993.5 3.81 47.9 196.7 88.1 6.3 129.5 995.9 0 0.52 HCO3-Ca·Mg
    Yh02 7.03 38 1 221 3.75 47.4 285.7 88.4 9.1 153.0 1 221 0 0.544 HCO3-Ca·Mg
    Yh03-S 7.05 22 1 510 2.36 43.1 394.7 97.1 7.35 176.9 1 544 0 0.362 HCO3-Ca·Mg
    Yh04* 6.91 41.5 1 550 2.50 97.5 225.4 83.2 12.76 153.7 1 156.9 0 - HCO3-Ca·Mg
    药水滩冷水 Yc01-S 7.81 10 589.4 0.76 77.9 49.4 49.5 3.50 228.0 344.7 0 0.199 HCO3·SO4-Mg·Na·Ca
    Yc02-S 7.74 7 574.1 1.13 89.0 83.0 20.0 5.25 206.5 312.3 0 0.204 HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na
    Yc03-S 8.02 9 572.9 1.04 70.0 78.5 32.1 5.25 209.8 330.0 0 0.225 HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na·Mg
    湟中热水 Hh01 8.58 21 1 944 2.07 500.7 70.3 42.9 43.77 1 079 335.9 11.6 4.236 SO4-Na
    Hh02* 7.56 65 34 200 124 11 100 270.1 78.3 6 983 14 200 1 414 0 6.1 SO4·Cl-Na
    湟中地下冷水 Hc01-S 7.53 10 2 492 4.63 539.8 152.2 117.3 385.2 1 021 429.0 0 5.598 SO4·Cl-Na·Mg
    Hc02 7.80 9 1 226 2.96 288 70.6 38.7 19.96 614 335.9 0 0.272 HCO3·SO4-Na
    Hc03 7.50 9 3 903 2.42 625.7 355.8 192.2 118 2 402 347.7 0 19.04 SO4-Na·Ca·Mg
    Hc04 7.99 13 2 379 5.98 615.6 76.6 66.8 362.4 1 033 368.3 0 7.297 SO4·Cl-Na
    Hc05-S 8.43 7 1 139 0.97 276.6 67.6 29.2 8.75 602 277.0 5.8 0.369 SO4·HCO3-Na
    Hc06-S 8.75 10 2 587 2.74 681.8 74.3 68.4 259.1 1 309 277.6 15.6 2.225 SO4-Na
    Hc07-S 8.79 12 2 036 2.28 596.4 38.7 53.6 96.99 866 582.2 29 1.533 SO4·HCO3-Na
    Hc08-S 8.46 13 1 864 2.50 544.7 39.5 43.6 81.23 889 466.7 10.4 1.112 SO4·HCO3-Na
    Hc09-S 7.52 12.3 2 377 4.89 709.7 47.1 46.7 243.3 1038 471.4 0 1.281 SO4·HCO3-Na
    西宁热水 Xh01-S 7.70 36 27 696 37.1 9 352 242.6 116.9 5 865 11 321 1 427 0 10.06 SO4·Cl-Na
    Xh02 7.44 34 42 604 42.9 14 460 548.4 139.8 11 729 15 370 524.5 0 10.84 Cl·SO4-Na
    Xh03* 7.15 27 21 600 0 6 980 262.8 77.8 5 104.2 8 489 1 292.2 0 - SO4·Cl-Na
    Xh04* 7.47 30 20 400 29 6 330 380.8 36.45 3 261.4 9 414 1 354.6 0 - SO4·Cl-Na
    Xh05* 7.37 42 28 490 18 9 359 476.7 108 5 955.6 12 007 1 181.4 0 8.46 SO4·Cl-Na
    Xh06* 8.08 42.2 39 820 57.6 11 760 501.1 167.8 4 938.9 19 987 458.9 0 - SO4·Cl-Na
    Xh07* 7.35 39.5 34 900 50 8 300 271.4 171 5 232 14 109 1 576 0 - SO4·Cl-Na
    Xh08* 7.82 53 52 970 34 17 250 573.1 103.3 8 915.7 25 792 598 0 - SO4·Cl-Na
    西宁冷水 Xc01-S* 7.56 15.2 32 200 73 10 600 293.1 71.9 6 860 12 900 1 340 0 - SO4·Cl-Na
    Xc02-S* 7.52 12.7 12 300 15 3 902 280.6 63.9 899.7 5 773 2720.3 0 - SO4·HCO3-Na
    周边热水 Zh01* 8 34 11 992 17.5 3 735 141.2 32 1 293.3 6 258 508 0 - SO4·Cl-Na
    Zh02* 7.65 62 41 820 37.3 14 330 567.7 107 15 992.6 10 276 249.8 0 10.92 Cl·SO4-Na
    Zh03-S* 6.54 21 5 470 0 756.5 739.5 145.4 294.2 1 359 3 145 0 - HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na
    周边冷水 Zc01* 6.63 17 2 940 68.8 189 300.5 145.5 58.2 320 1820 0 - HCO3-Ca·Mg·Na
    Zc02* 7.4 8 7 590 11.4 2312 120.5 18.4 745.5 4114 265.4 0 - SO4-Na
    带“*”为收集样(来源于《西宁盆地地热地质》[17]),样品编号中“h”、“c”分别为井口温度≥20℃、 < 20℃地下水样品,“-”数据遗失或未测,“S”为泉水
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  研究区地下水样品的物理参数、常量和微量元素质量浓度统计

    Table  2.   Summary of physical parameters, major and trace elements concentration of the groundwater samples in the study area

    项目 最小值 中位值 平均值 最大值 标准方差
    pH 6.54 7.53 7.62 8.79 0.57
    T/(℃) 7 21 24.77 65 16.54
    TDS 993.5 4 686.5 14 807.1 52 970 16 311.6
    K+ 0.0 5.98 22.7 124 29.28
    Na+ 43.1 733.1 4 544.4 17 250 5 373.32
    Ca2+ 38.73 266.45 268.84 739.5 188.01
    Mg2+ 18.40 80.77 88.02 192.2 46.06
    Li+ ρB/(mg·L-1) 0.01 0.05 0.53 3.41 0.97
    Sr 0.27 3.23 5.0 19.04 5.23
    Cl- 6.30 373.8 2 859.4 15 992.6 4 090.55
    SO42- 129.5 1 880.6 6 105.3 25 792.1 6933.41
    HCO3- 249.8 590.1 956.2 3 145 729.44
    F- 0.00 1.36 1.94 7.5 2.37
    Br- 0.00 0.20 1.84 8.20 2.81
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  研究区采样点TDS、主要离子及微量组分相关分析结果

    Table  3.   Correlation analysis results of the sampling points′ TDS, main ions and tracecomponents in the study area

    项目 TDS K Na Ca Mg Cl SO4 HCO3 CO3 Sr SiO2 F Li B T
    K 0.667**
    Na 0.993** 0.647**
    Ca 0.648** 0.464** 0.632**
    Mg 0.423* 0.380* 0.365 0.670**
    Cl 0.912** 0.567** 0.933** 0.612** 0.347
    SO4 0.970** 0.642** 0.955** 0.596** 0.392* 0.791**
    HCO3 0.100 0.376* 0.061 0.490** 0.332 -0.007 0.087
    CO3 -0.264 -0.243 -0.250 -0.386** -0.248* -0.231 -0.249 -0.238
    Sr 0.589** 0.338 0.575* 0.629** 0.840** 0.550** 0.598** 0.018 -0.227
    SiO2 0.653** 0.622** 0.630** 0.611** 0.484* 0.568** 0.634** 0.296 -0.292 0.289
    F 0.590* 0.260 0.627** 0.600** 0.460* 0.715** 0.504* 0.467* -0.109 0.601* 0.404
    Li 0.955** 0.677** 0.960** 0.671** 0.456* 0.983** 0.929 0.334 -0.212 0.505* 0.468* 0.828**
    B 0.957** 0.970** 0.959** 0.505 0.395 0.926** 0.968** 0.217 -0.161 0.477 0.293 0.981** 0.930**
    T 0.729** 0.572** 0.721** 0.587** 0.371 0.710** 0.671** 0.182 -0.268 0.343* 0.918** 0.418 0.615** 0.511
    深度 0.692** 0.339 0.717** 0.278 0.107 0.803** 0.533* -0.506 - 0.468 0.807 0.513 1.0** 0.848**
    注:** 指在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关;* 在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-03-20
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-03-02

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