Material field structure of ore-forming elements and deep prospecting potential of Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit, Qinghai Province
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摘要: 青海省柴达木盆地北缘锡铁山铅锌矿是我国大型的喷流沉积型(SEDEX)矿床，赋矿围岩主要是大理岩和片岩，浅部主要为大理岩型矿体，深部主要为片岩型矿体。系统描述了不同矿石类型中铅锌矿体与黄铁矿的空间共生关系、矿体空间形态三维变化规律；利用局部奇异性分析方法、相关性分析方法对矿区Pb、Zn、Ag、Au等成矿元素物质场结构特征及变化趋势进行了系统分析，2种分析方法均可表现元素物质场不同的结构特征，即：Pb、Zn、Au元素整体上沿着矿体的侧伏方向仍然有明显的向深部富集的趋势，且不受大理岩的影响，在片岩中物质场所反映的元素富集程度依然很强；Ag元素整体上从浅部到深部在矿化空间内均有明显的不连续富集特征。锡铁山铅锌矿水平方向上元素分带由远至近(由西向东)依次为Mn-Fe-S-Ag-Pb-Zn-S-Au，垂向上元素分带由上到下依次为Mn-S-Ag-Pb-Zn-S-Au，同时系统研究了成矿元素物质场中元素富集结构的变化规律，分析讨论了锡铁山深部找矿潜力。Abstract: The Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit in Qaidam, Qinghai Province, is a large-scale SEDEX deposit in China. The host rocks are mainly marble and schist, the marble-style ore-bodies mainly exist in the shallow part and the schist-style ore-bodies mainly exist in the deep part. This paper systematically describes the spatial symbiosis relationship between lead-zinc ore-body and pyrite in different ore types and the three-dimensional spatial change rule of ore-body spatial shape. The material field structure and change trend of Pb, Zn, Ag, Au and other ore-forming elements in the mining area are systematically analyzed by the local singularity analysis method and correlation analysis method. Both analysis methods show different structural characteristics of the material field of elements, that is, Pb, Zn and Au are still obviously enriched to the depth along the side direction of the ore-body as a whole, and are not affected by marble. In the schist, the concentration of elements is still very strong, and Ag is obviously discontinuous in the mineralization space from the shallow to the deep. The element zoning in the horizontal direction of Xitieshan lead-zinc mine is Mn-Fe-S-Ag-Pb-Zn-S-Au from the far (hydrothermal center) to the near, and Mn-S-Ag-Pb-Zn-S-Au from the top to the bottom in the vertical direction. At the same time, we systematically study the change rule of element enrichment structure in the ore forming field, analyze and discuss the prospecting potential in the deep part of Xitieshan.
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图 1 柴北缘及邻区构造分区图(据文献[12]修改)
Figure 1. Tectonic zoning map of northern margin and adjacent areas of Qaidam Basin
图 2 青海省锡铁山铅锌矿区地质图
1.古元古界达肯大坂群；2.上奥陶统滩间山群下段基性与酸性火山碎屑岩(现已变质成斜长角闪岩)；3.上奥陶统滩间山群上段热水沉积+正常沉积岩(黑色岩性，主含矿层)；4.上奥陶统滩间山群变中性火山碎屑岩(现已变质为斜长绢云绿泥片岩等)；5.上奥陶统滩间山群紫红色砂岩；6.上奥陶统滩间山群下段基性火山碎屑岩；7.上奥陶统滩间山群中段正常沉积岩；8.上奥陶统滩间山群上段基性火山碎屑岩；9.上奥陶统滩间山群上段基性熔岩；10.上泥盆统阿木尼克组，紫红色底部砾岩及碎屑岩；11.下石炭统城墙沟组，紫红色碎屑岩；12.新近系中新统上干柴沟组，紫红色碎屑岩；13.第四系洪冲积物；14.大理岩；15.铅锌矿体；16.角度不整合界线；17.逆断层及编号；18.断层；19.勘探线及编号
Figure 2. Geological map of Xitieshan lead-zinc mining area in Qinghai Province
图 3 锡铁山铅锌矿区褶皱构造
a.锡铁山沟倒转向斜转折端；b.锡铁山沟背斜北翼大理岩尖灭处见倒转向斜转折端
Figure 3. Fold structure of Xitieshan lead-zinc mining area
图 4 锡铁山铅锌矿区大理岩型矿体与片岩型矿体特征
a.经变形改造的大理岩型矿体呈囊状；b.大理岩与矿体接触界线；c.片岩型矿体；d.脉状矿体充填片岩型矿体
Figure 4. Characteristics of marble-type ore-body and schist-type ore-body in Xitieshan lead-zinc mining area
图 5 锡铁山围岩类型与矿体空间结构联合剖面
Figure 5. Joint section of surrounding rock type and ore-body spatial structure of Xitieshan
图 6 锡铁山铅锌矿床主矿带矿体三维空间特征图
Figure 6. 3D spatial characteristics map of major ore-bodies in Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit
图 7 黄铁矿与铅锌矿体空间共生关系图
图中蓝色点代表地下采场黄铁矿观测点
Figure 7. Spatial symbiosis diagram of pyrite and lead-zinc ore-body
图 8 锡铁山铅锌矿床硅质岩与黄铁矿的关系
a.团块状硅质岩；b.条带状硅质岩；c.厚层状硅质岩
Figure 8. Relationship between silicalite and pyrite in Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit
图 9 锡铁山铅锌矿区主成矿元素及伴生元素物质场结构特征
a.Pb元素物质场结构图；b.Zn元素物质场结构图；c.Ag元素物质场结构图；d.Au元素物质场结构图
Figure 9. Material field structure characteristics of main ore-forming elements and associated elements in Xitieshan lead-zinc mining area
图 10 成矿元素富集规律与深部变化趋势图
Figure 10. Map of enrichment regularity and trend of deep variation of metallogenic elements
图 11 青海省锡铁山铅锌矿区元素深部富集趋势
a.组合元素成矿场累积结构图; b.组合元素成矿场深部变化趋势图
Figure 11. Deep trend of combined elements in Xitieshan lead-zinc mining area, Qinghai Province
图 12 锡铁山铅锌矿床主成矿带成矿及伴生元素水平分带及主采区成矿及伴生元素向深部分段富集特征
Figure 12. Horizontal zoning of ore-forming and associated elements in the main ore-forming belt of Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit and enrichment characteristics of ore-forming
表 1 锡铁山铅锌矿区成矿元素与伴生元素相关性统计
Table 1. Statistics of correlation between main metallogenic elements and associated elements in Xitieshan lead-zinc mining area
Pb Zn Ag Au S Pb 1 Zn 0.412** 1 Ag 0.650** 0.217** 1 Au 0.029* 0.024 0.378** 1 S 0.216** 0.320** 0.203** 0.060** 1 注：**为在0.01置信水平(单侧)上显著相关；*为在0.05置信水平(单侧)上显著相关. 
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表 2 锡铁山铅锌矿区主成矿元素及伴生元素品位统计
Table 2. Statistics of grade of main metallogenic elements and associated elements in Xitieshan lead-zinc mining area
元素质量分数与累加特征值 最大值 最小值 品位下限 w(Pb)/% 59.27 0.01 7.1 w(Zn)/% 50.63 0.01 8.0 w(Ag)/10-6 1 364.38 0 72.0 w(Au)/10-6 185.00 0 0.8 w(Pb+Zn+Au+Ag)/% 64.21 0.02 13.4
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