Indication of elements geochemical characteristics of stream sediment to evaluation of regional denudation degree: A case study of the Dachang gold ore field in east Kunlun, Qinghai Province
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摘要: 利用水系沉积物测量元素地球化学的相关特征，对青海东昆仑大场金矿集中区开展矿床、矿田尺度的剥蚀程度研究，可以为评价区域成矿潜力提供有力支撑，具有快速、有效、低成本的优点。选取青海省东昆仑大场金矿田的1∶5万水系沉积物测量数据进行了处理和分析，以热液渗滤晕分带理论为指导，依据区内金矿床原生晕在空间的分带性和次生异常的结构相似性，建立了整体成矿元素分散流与原生晕共性的元素组合和元素分带序列，分别采用了元素比值法、三角图解法和元素分带序列法来选取区域剥蚀程度评价参数，并结合实地地质矿产特征，评价了大场金矿田及周边地区7个异常区的剥蚀程度大小。研究结果表明：扎拉依北、格涌贡玛、东达哈日乌拉、照大额北地区的剥蚀程度较高；旁海、启得喜然地区的剥蚀程度中等；扎拉依-大场、照大额南地区的剥蚀程度一般；同时利用水系沉积物元素地球化学特征，多种评价指标的对比使用，可以有效快速地对区域剥蚀程度开展评价，为成矿潜力评价提供支持，对找矿勘查具有十分重要的指示意义。Abstract: Using the elements geochemical characteristics in stream sediments survey, have the advantages of yofast, effective and low cost in different scale evaluation of denudation degree in Dachang gold ore field in east Kunlun, Qinghai Province.It also provides strong support for evaluating the regional metallogenic potential.We take a case study of the data of 1∶50 000 stream sediments survey in the Dachang gold ore field for processing and analysis, which is based on the theory of hydrothermal percolation halo banding, and the spatial zoning of the primary halo and the structural similarity with secondary anomalies of gold deposits in the area.Besides, we build the element association and elemental banding sequence with common features between the common mineralization element dispersed train and the primary halo.Three methods, including the elemental ratio method, the triangular graphic method and the elemental banding sequence method are used to set up the evaluation parameters of regional denudation degree.Finally, combined with the characteristics of the geology and mineral resources in the field, the denudation degree of 7 anomalous areas in the Dachang gold ore field and surrounding areas is evaluated, and it is believed that the denudation degree of Zalayibei, Geyonggongma, Dongda Hariwula, and Zhaodaebei areas is higher; the degree of denudation in the Dexiran area is medium; the degree of denudation in the Zarayi-Dachang and Zhaodaenan areas is lower.Meanwhile, it is believed that the use of the elemental geochemical characteristics of stream sediments and the combined use of multiple evaluation indicators can effectively and quickly carry out a moderate evaluation of the degree of regional denudation, provide support for the evaluation of mineralization potential, and have very important indications for prospecting and exploration.
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图 1 大场金矿田地质简图
Q.第四系；T3q.上三叠统清水河组；T2gd2.中三叠统甘德组上段；T2gd1.中三叠统甘德组下段；T1-2c3、T1-2c2、T1-2c1.下-中三叠统昌马河组上、中、下段；P2m.中二叠统马尔争组。1.扎拉依陇洼金矿点；2.旁海金矿点；3.加给陇洼金矿床；4.扎拉依金矿床；5.照大额南金矿点；6.稍日哦金矿床；7.格涌尕玛考金矿点；8.大场金矿床；9.大东沟金矿床；10.扎家同哪金矿床
Figure 1. Geological sketch map of Dachang gold ore field
图 3 大场金矿田单元素异常图
Figure 3. Geochemical anomaly maps of single element in the Dachang gold field area
图 4 大场金矿田元素浓集系数比值等值线剥蚀程度图
A.(KW+KMo+KBi)/(KAs+KSb+KHg)等值线图；B.(KW+KMo+KBi)/(KCu+KPb+KZn)等值线图；矿床(点)编号同图 1
Figure 4. Contour map of element concentration coefficient ratios showing denudation degree of Dachang gold ore field
图 5 大场金矿田组合异常示意图及各异常区剥蚀程度三角图
矿床(点)编号同图 1；Ⅰ~Ⅶ为异常区编号：Ⅰ.东达哈日乌拉; Ⅱ.格涌贡玛; Ⅲ.扎拉依北; Ⅳ.照大额北; Ⅴ.照大额南; Ⅵ.旁海; Ⅶ.扎拉依-大场
Figure 5. Sketch map of anomaly belt and triangular diagram showing denudation degree of Dachang ore field
图 6 大场金矿田水系沉积物采样点位及Au、As、Sb、Hg元素质量分数图
Figure 6. Sketch map showing the sampling position and abundances of Au, As, Sb, Hg in sediments of drainage network of Dachang gold ore field
图 7 大场金矿田不同矿区矿化下限标高变化趋势示意图
Figure 7. Sketch map showing the regularities of gold mineralization varying with elevation in different mining area of Dachang gold ore field
图 8 扎拉依-大场地区组合异常示意图
1.扎拉依陇洼金矿点；2.加给陇洼金矿床；3.扎拉依金矿床；4.稍日哦金矿床；5.格涌尕玛考金矿点；6.大场金矿床；7.大东沟金矿床；8.扎家同哪金矿床
Figure 8. Sketch map of anomaly belt of Zhalayi-Dachang area
表 1 研究区异常元素NAP值序列和水平分带序列
Table 1. Sequence of anomalies element NAP value and horizontal zonality sequence in Dachang gold ore field
异常区名称 异常元素NAP值序列 异常元素水平分带序列 东达哈日乌拉(Ⅰ) Sb21.9-Sn18.6-Bi9.1 Sn-Bi-Sb 格涌贡玛(Ⅱ) Sn132.4-Zn129.1-Bi57.3-Cu19.4-Mo15.7 Sn-Zn-Bi-Cu-Mo 扎拉依北(Ⅲ) W49.2-Zn23.3-Sn19.8-Mo12.5-Cu7.2 W-Zn-Sn-Mo-Cu 照大额北(Ⅳ) Zn172.4-Sn98.1-Cu89.7-Bi65.0-Mo25.7-W24.1-Sb6.7 Zn-Sn-Cu-Bi-Mo-W-Sb 照大额南(Ⅴ) Pb161.0-Zn123.0-Sn36.6-Cu15.0-Au12.3-Bi11.2 Pb-Zn-Sn-Cu-Au-Bi 旁海(Ⅵ) Au57.9-Mo48.1-W22.0-Zn13.1-Cu11.8 Au-Zn-Cu-Mo-W 扎拉依-大场(Ⅶ) a：Sb172.4-Mo171.4-As113.1-Au98.0-Zn91.9-W70.9-Sn54.5-Cu46.6-Bi40.6 Sb-As-Au-Zn-Cu-Mo-W-Sn-Bi b：Au152.3-As121.4-Sb98.0-W52.7-Sn45-Zn22.5-Cu21.2-Bi12.2 Sb-Au-As-Zn-Cu-W-Sn-Bi 
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