Application of high pressure mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance in analysis of the pore structure of dense sandstone: A case study of the Heshui area, Ordos Basin
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摘要:
孔隙结构制约着油气在储层中的储集能力和流动能力, 是研究致密砂岩储层的关键要素, 也是当前研究的重点和难点问题。以鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区上三叠统延长组长7致密储层为例, 结合高压压汞、核磁共振等分析技术, 对储层孔隙结构、可动流体参数之间的关系进行了深入研究, 主要取得以下认识: ①利用常规方法, 线性最小二乘法将核磁共振
T 2谱转换孔隙半径时, 这种通过线性关系得到的结果精度较低, 相关系数为(0.87~0.98)/0.92, 通过分形理论, 计算出压汞曲线对应的拐点, 进行分段换算出对应的T 2, 以此为界限将核磁共振T 2谱分段转换, 结果显示转化后曲线叠合程度高, 相关系数(0.97~0.99)/0.98;②通过分析流体可动性的影响因素, 岩石的物性具有直接的关系, 其中孔隙度更适合表征储层的储集空间大小, 相关性为0.9, 和可动流体饱和度的相关性更好; 孔隙结构特征参数与可动流体参数相关性较好, 致密的孔隙结构制约着流体的可动性。Abstract:Pore structure restricts the reservoir capacity and flow capacity of oil and gas in the reservoir, which is the key factor of studying tight sandstone reservoir, and also the key and difficult problem of current research. Taking the Chang 7 tight reservoir of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Heshui area of Ordos Basin as an example, the relationship between pore structure and movable fluid parameters was studied by combining high-pressure mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis techniques. The main results are as follows: ① when using the conventional method and linear least square method to convert the NMR T2 spectrum into pore radius, the pore structure can be divided into two parts, The correlation coefficient is (0.87-0.98)/0.92. The inflection point of the mercury injection curve is calculated by fractal theory, and the corresponding T2 is converted. The T2 spectrum is converted by segments. After the conversion, the curve has a high degree of overlap, and the number of phase relations is (0.97-0.99)/0.98. ② By analyzing the influencing factors of fluid mobility, it is found that there is a direct relationship between rock physical properties, in which porosity is more suitable to characterize the size of reservoir space, the correlation is 0.9, and the correlation with movable fluid saturation is better; The characteristic parameters of pore structure have a good correlation with the parameters of movable fluid, and the tight pore structure restricts the mobility of fluid. The proportion of dead pores is related to SMFS φ The negative correlation coefficients of MFS were 0.5371 and 0.3775, respectively φ MFS has little effect, but it has no effect φ MFS is more suitable to characterize the micro pore structure.
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Key words:
- dense sandstone /
- NMR /
- high pressure mercury injection /
- mercury compression fractal /
- pore structure /
- movable fluid
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图 2 合水地区不同岩心核磁孔隙半径分布与压汞孔隙半径分布对比
Figure 2. Comparison of the nuclear magnetic pore radius distribution and mercury injection pore radius distribution of different cores in the Heshui area
图 3 Z143_1样品核磁共振T2与孔隙半径转换-改进后
Figure 3. Z143_ 1 Sample NMR T2 and pore radius conversion-after improvement
图 4 合水地区不同岩心核磁孔隙半径分布与压汞孔隙半径分布对比
Figure 4. Comparison of the nuclear magnetic pore radius distribution and mercury injection pore radius distribution of different cores in the Heshui area
图 6 合水地区长7储层可动流体参数与孔隙度关系图
Figure 6. Relationship between movable fluid parameters and porosity of the Chang 7 reservoir in the Heshui area
图 7 合水地区长7储层可动流体参数与渗透率关系图
Figure 7. Relationship between movable fluid parameters and permeability of the Chang 7 reservoir in the Heshui area
图 8 合水地区长7储层可动流体参数与孔喉结构参数关系图
Figure 8. Relationship between movable fluid parameters and pore throat structure parameters of the Chang 7 reservoir in the Heshui area
图 9 可动流体参数和死孔隙占比关系
Figure 9. Relationship between movable fluid parameters and proportion of dead pores
表 1 岩样基本物性参数
Table 1. Basic physical parameters of rock samples
岩样编号 深度/m 压汞测试样品 核磁测试样品 直径/cm 长度/cm 压汞孔隙度/% 压汞渗透率/10-3 μm2 直径/cm 长度/cm 核磁孔隙度/% 气测孔隙度/% 气测渗透率/10-3 μm2 L23_1 1 645.4 2.52 2.32 10.3 0.156 2.52 3.29 11.83 11.8 0.150 L23_2 1 672.0 2.51 2.35 7.6 0.055 2.51 3.35 8.55 7.9 0.024 L205_1 1 636.9 2.52 2.30 9.1 0.049 2.52 3.50 10.57 10.0 0.050 Z143_1 1 842.7 2.53 2.32 6.8 0.028 2.53 3.73 12.20 7.9 0.024 N181_1 1 613.6 2.53 2.27 3.5 0.017 2.53 3.20 5.50 4.9 0.088 N181_2 1 659.7 2.52 2.42 2.6 0.011 2.52 3.31 5.85 4.4 0.005 
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表 2 合水地区不同岩心转化系数
Table 2. Conversion coefficients of different cores in Heshui Area
样品编号 气测孔隙度/% 气测渗透率/10-3 μm2 最大进汞饱和度/% C $ \frac{1}{n}$ R2 L23-1 0.156 10.3 68.302 0.007 2 0.851 8 0.93 L23-2 0.055 7.6 62.615 0.001 7 0.487 5 0.92 L205-1 0.049 9.1 66.904 0.007 9 0.779 9 0.90 Z143-1 0.028 6.8 61.204 0.000 8 1.241 7 0.90 N181-1 0.017 3.5 53.509 0.010 2 0.871 7 0.87 N181-2 0.011 2.6 52.459 0.002 5 1.014 3 0.98
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表 3 合水地区样品分形计算结果和转化系数计算结果
Table 3. Fractal calculation results and conversion coefficient calculation results of samples in the Heshui area
样品编号 大孔 小孔 拐点半径ra/μm R2 Dp-1 C 1/n Dp-2 C 1/n L23_1 2.598 7 0.015 9 0.642 8 2.830 8 0.000 7 2.191 3 0.050 0 0.99 L23_2 2.687 5 0.019 3 0.366 3 2.787 6 0.002 3 1.852 1 0.039 0 0.99 L205_1 2.606 8 0.015 2 0.571 3 2.773 3 0.000 9 2.420 7 0.039 0 0.99 Z143_1 2.614 5 0.007 5 0.678 7 2.810 8 0.000 05 2.290 5 0.053 7 0.99 N181_1 2.670 5 0.016 4 0.584 6 2.826 0 0.003 1 2.611 6 0.022 0 0.97 N181_2 2.822 5 0.000 9 1.355 5 2.678 3 0.002 7 0.981 2 0.026 0 0.98
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表 4 束缚孔隙度和死孔隙占比计算结果
Table 4. Calculation results of bound porosity and dead porosity
样品编号 气测 核磁测试 束缚孔隙度/% 死孔隙(含水)/% 有效孔隙度/% 核磁孔隙度/% 离心孔隙度/% 可动流体孔隙度/% 可动流体饱和度/% L23-1 11.82 11.83 6.22 5.61 47.38 6.21 0.01 L23-2 7.87 8.55 5.20 3.35 39.25 4.52 0.68 L205-1 10.04 10.57 5.90 4.67 44.16 5.37 0.53 Z143-1 7.87 12.20 7.43 4.77 39.13 3.10 4.33 N181-1 4.87 5.50 3.16 2.34 42.51 2.53 0.63 N181-2 4.38 5.85 4.03 1.82 31.03 2.56 1.47
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表 5 合水地区长7储层可动流体参数与孔喉结构参数数据
Table 5. Movable fluid parameters and pore throat structure parameters of Chang 7 reservoir inHeshui Area
样品编号 可动流体参数 孔喉结构参数 孔喉连通特征 孔喉大小特征 孔喉分布特征 可动流体饱和度Smfs/% 可动流体孔隙度φmfs/% 最大进汞饱和度SHgmax/% 退汞饱和度/% 排驱压力/MPa 最大孔隙半径/μm 中值孔隙半径/μm 平均孔隙半径/μm 分选系数 歪度 L23-1 47.38 5.61 68.30 17.72 1.148 0.640 0.067 0.130 1.563 0.28 L23-2 39.25 3.35 62.62 15.86 3.983 0.185 0.029 0.059 1.494 0.102 L205-1 44.16 4.67 66.90 19.27 3.977 0.185 0.036 0.059 1.837 0.038 Z143-1 39.13 4.77 61.20 17.05 2.947 0.249 0.01 0.075 2.361 0.032 N181-1 42.51 2.34 53.51 15.14 7.573 0.097 0.01 0.031 3.269 0.612 N181-2 31.03 1.82 52.46 12.72 7.571 0.097 0.007 0.024 2.369 0.402
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表 6 死孔隙占比计算结果
Table 6. Calculation results of dead pore proportion
样品编号 核磁孔隙度/% 可动流体孔隙度/% 束缚孔隙度/% 死孔隙(含水)/% 死孔隙占比/% L23-1 11.83 5.61 6.21 0.01 0.08 L23-2 8.55 3.35 4.52 0.68 7.95 L205-1 10.57 4.67 5.37 0.53 5.01 Z143-1 12.20 4.77 3.10 4.33 35.49 N181-1 5.50 2.34 2.53 0.63 11.45 N181-2 5.85 1.82 2.56 1.47 25.13
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