Diagenetic facies of dolomite and geochemical characteristics across the Cambrian-Ordovician transitions in the Central Uplift Zone, Tarim Basin
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摘要:
成岩相识别与划分有助于碳酸盐岩储层分类评价及预测。为了明确塔里木盆地中央隆起带寒武系-奥陶系的白云岩成岩相类型及特征, 通过岩心描述、常规及铸体薄片观察、X衍射分析以及粒度分析等方法, 首先对其岩相学特征进行了详细研究并对成岩相类型进行了划分, 在此基础上, 结合O、C稳定同位素测试方法以及Fe、Mn、Sr、Li、U等常、微量元素测试技术探讨了各类白云岩成岩相的地球化学特征并建立了各类成岩相的模式。研究结果表明, 塔里木盆地中央隆起带寒武系-奥陶系白云岩成岩相可划分为准同生云化亚相(PD-F)、浅埋藏隐伏回流渗透云化亚相(SLRD-F)、浅埋藏活跃回流渗透云化亚相(SARD-F)、表生风化壳岩溶亚相(WK-F)和构造破碎亚相(TF-F)共5类。其中, PD-F模式的白云岩云化流体主要来自咸化海水并受部分淡水影响, 表现出O同位素负偏, Fe、Mn、Sr和Li质量分数明显偏高的特征; SARD-F模式的白云岩基本形成于正常海水, 个别样品受到埋藏溶蚀或重结晶作用以及淡水影响, 整体表现为O同位素值与奥陶纪海水一致, Fe、Mn、Sr质量分数相对较低的特点; SLRD-F模式的白云岩形成环境相对封闭, 受淡水影响较小, 表现为O同位素值与海水一致, Fe、Mn质量分数相对较低, Sr质量分数相对较高的特征; WK-F模式的白云岩样品由于经历表生淡水溶蚀作用和埋藏期的白云化作用, 具有O同位素负偏, Fe、U质量分数较高, Sr质量分数较低的特征; TF-F模式的白云岩样品受到构造热液的影响, 具有O同位素负偏, Fe、Mn、U、Li质量分数低的特征。
Abstract:The identification and division of diagenetic facies is useful for the classification, evaluation and prediction of carbonate reservoirs.To clarify the type and characteristics of the diagenetic facies of dolomite near the Cambrian-Ordovician transitions in the Central Uplift Zone of Tarim Basin, in this work, the lithographic characteristics of dolomite were studied in detail, and the category of diagenetic facies was divided by core description, conventional and casting thin section observation, X diffraction analysis and grain size analysis.Based on this, the geochemical characteristics of different diagenetic facies were discussed, and their formation models were established by testing stable isotopes, which included oxygen and carbon isotope as well as major and trace elements(Fe, Mn, Sr, Li and U).The results show that the diagenetic facies of Cambrian-Ordovician dolomite in the Central Uplift Zone, Tarim Basin, can be divided into five types, including penecontemporaneous dolomatization diagenetic facies(PD-F), shallow latent reflux dolomatization diagenetic facies(SLRD-F), shallow active reflux dolomatization diagenetic facies(SARD-F), weathered crust karstification diagenetic facies(WK-F) and tectonic fracture diagenetic facies(TF-F).Among them, the dolomitic fluid of PD-F mode dolostones mainly come from saltwalized seawater and is affected by freshwater, which shows an obviously negative bias of oxygenisotopes and high Fe, Mn, Sr and Li contents. The dolostone formed in the SARD-F mode shows a consistent value with Ordovician sea water and relatively low Fe, Mn, and Sr contents because it mainly formed in normal sea water environment and individually experienced burial dissolution and recrystallization and was affected by freshwater.Because the diagenetic environment of dolostone formed in SLRD-F mode is relatively closed, this dolostone is characterized by consistent values of oxygenisotopes, relatively low Fe and Mn contents but high Sr contents.Dolostone samples formed in WK-F mode have high Fe and U but low Sr contents because they experienced dissolution of freshwater and burial dolomitization.The dolostone formed in the TF-F model is characterized by low Fe, Mn, U and Li because of the influence of structural hydrothermal fluids.
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Key words:
- diagenetic facies of dolomite /
- geochemistry /
- Cambrian-Ordovician /
- Tarim Basin
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图 1 塔里木盆地构造区划及采样位置示意图
Figure 1. Sketch map of the structure and sampling point locations in the Tarim Basin
图 2 塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩成岩相特征
A.砂屑球粒泥晶膏质云岩，HT1井6 436.8 m，中寒武统沙依里克组；B.云斑灰云岩, SN7井7 104.00 m，下奥陶统蓬莱坝组；C.云斑云灰岩, SN7井7 100.05 m, 下奥陶统蓬莱坝组；D.中晶残余砂屑鮞粒白云岩，YB7井6 162.4 m, 下奥陶统蓬莱坝组；E.残余颗粒结构白云岩, 残余双壳类生物碎屑，SN7井7 078.71 m, 下奥陶统鹰山组；F.残余颗粒细晶白云岩, HT1井6 162.4 m，上寒武统丘里塔格组；G.马鞍形中晶白云岩, GL1井6 335.50 m, 下奥陶统蓬莱坝组；H.残余骨架结构，环带白云石，BT5井4 809.42 m，上寒武统丘里塔格组；I.构造角砾中-粗晶白云岩，晶间孔发育，YB5井6 742.80 m，下奥陶统鹰山组；J.角砾状粗-中晶云岩，YQ6井7 315.82 m，上寒武统丘里塔格组；K.中-粗晶残余砂屑云岩，YB5井6 741.40 m，下奥陶统蓬莱坝组；L.中-粗晶残余砂屑云岩，发育溶蚀孔洞，YB5井6 741.40 m，下奥陶统蓬莱坝组
Figure 2. Petrographic characteristics of the Lower Paleozoic dolomite in the Tarim Basin
图 3 塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩δ18O和δ13C散点图
Figure 3. Crossplot of δ18O and δ13C of the Lower Paleozoic dolomite in the Tarim Basin
图 4 塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩Fe、Mn质量分数散点图
Figure 4. Crossplot of Fe and Mn contents of the Lower Paleozoic dolomite in the Tarim Basin
图 5 塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩Sr、U质量分数散点图
Figure 5. Crossplot of Sr and U contents of the Lower Paleozoic dolomite in the Tarim Basin
图 6 塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩Li、U质量分数散点图
Figure 6. Crossplot of Fe and U contents of the Lower Paleozoic dolomite in the Tarim Basin
表 1 塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩元素分析数据
Table 1. Element concentrations of the Lower Paleozoic dolomite in the Tarim Basin
样品编号 深度/m 层位 白云岩成岩相类型 白云石有序度 δ18O/‰ δ13C/‰ Mn Fe Sr Li U wB/% wB/10-6 BT5-26 5 218.84 阿瓦塔格组 PD-F / -6.50 -2.24 0.008 0 0.315 0 6 710.828 302.062 1.367 BT5-27 5 219.13 0.90 -7.09 -0.98 0.007 8 0.143 4 12 703.565 6.896 0.719 BT5-29 5 219.80 / -6.31 -1.67 0.003 4 0.130 4 11 055.838 31.577 1.371 BT5-31 5 220.55 0.61 -6.47 -1.38 0.010 1 0.449 3 1 114.320 633.177 2.175 BT5-32 5 221.55 / -7.09 -0.86 0.006 4 0.318 8 1 376.951 297.174 1.589 BT5-36 5 223.48 1 -7.22 -0.23 0.004 8 0.158 4 1 439.824 21.517 2.176 SN7-33 7 098.18 蓬莱坝组 SLRD-F / -5.02 -1.03 0.003 4 0.166 6 161.614 1.965 0.419 SN7-34 7 098.71 / -5.23 -0.95 0.003 2 0.157 5 180.707 2.158 0.749 SN7-36 7 100.05 0.82 -6.78 -1.97 0.002 1 0.070 4 276.677 0.609 0.819 SN7-38 7 103.41 0.79 -5.29 -1.87 0.003 3 0.141 1 226.082 2.447 0.819 SN7-42 7 134.25 0.80 -4.94 -1.86 0.002 8 0.125 7 312.775 2.258 0.719 YB5-13 6 743.20 SARD-F / -6.23 -1.51 0.006 6 0.214 7 174.313 1.319 2.487 YB5-14 6 839.70 / -6.98 -0.84 0.004 5 0.274 7 101.637 0.630 0.950 YB5-7 6 605.20 / -6.37 -0.81 0.005 8 0.166 0 2.407 139.924 0.959 BT5-21 4 810.54 丘里塔格组 0.89 -5.58 -1.18 0.003 2 0.141 8 132.155 2.657 1.908 BT5-24 4 812.49 0.99 -5.58 -0.71 0.003 1 0.079 4 81.046 0.359 0.609 BT5-55 5 784.32 肖尔布拉克组 1 -5.71 0.48 0.021 6 0.133 6 120.575 1.036 2.132 YQ6-7 7 117.93 丘里塔格组 WK-F / / / 0.003 7 0.374 1 64.396 5.761 6.412 YQ6-9 7 118.59 0.79 / / 0.004 3 0.334 0 50.162 3.368 2.192 YQ6-10-1 7 118.89 / / / 0.004 1 0.398 9 51.851 3.661 4.351 BT5-14 4 807.68 / -6.29 -1.07 0.003 3 0.192 6 106.202 2.122 0.911 BT5-17 4 808.62 / -6.50 -0.99 0.004 8 0.183 9 64.152 1.157 1.756 BT5-19 4 809.77 / -6.11 -1.25 0.003 8 0.131 1 101.641 1.472 1.312 YB5-10 6 741.00 蓬莱坝组 TF-F / -7.63 -1.08 0.004 3 0.121 6 63.272 0.531 1.101 YB5-11 6 741.40 0.89 -7.09 -1.27 0.004 6 0.082 1 72.537 0.309 0.828 YB5-12 6 742.80 / -7.59 -0.84 0.003 0 0.073 8 67.097 0.359 1.487 YB5-15 6 840.80 / -7.05 -0.50 0.002 1 0.025 2 139.034 1.715 0.888 YB5-16 6 841.20 0.92 -7.13 -1 0.002 9 0.013 2 85.456 1.057 3.669 YB5-18 6 842.50 / -7.02 -0.54 0.001 8 0.075 4 60.131 5.283 0.870 注：PD-F.准同生云化亚相；SLRD-F.浅埋藏隐伏回流渗透云化亚相；SARD-F.浅埋藏活跃回流渗透云化亚相；WK-F.表生风化壳岩溶亚相；TF-F.构造破碎亚相 
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