利用高压压汞实验研究致密砂岩孔喉结构分形特征

王伟; 宋渊娟; 黄静; 李亚辉; 陈朝兵; 朱玉双

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0402

利用高压压汞实验研究致密砂岩孔喉结构分形特征

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0402

王伟^1,,
宋渊娟²,
黄静³,
李亚辉¹,
陈朝兵⁴,
朱玉双^5, ,

基金项目:

榆林学院高层次人才科研启动基金 18GK22

国家自然科学基金项目 1802140

国家自然科学基金项目 41904128

国家自然科学基金项目 42062011

详细信息

作者简介:
王伟(1988-), 男, 讲师, 主要从事油气田开发地质研究工作。E-mail: 283465227@qq.com

通讯作者:
朱玉双(1968-), 女, 教授, 主要从事油气田开发地质与油层物理研究工作。E-mail: yshzhu@nwu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.13
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-05

Fractal characteristics of pore-throat structure in tight sandstones using high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry

摘要

摘要: 微观孔喉结构是影响砂岩油藏特征的重要因素，但致密砂岩孔喉复杂，非均质性强，常规测试难以对其进行有效表征，需要利用分形理论对致密砂岩孔喉结构进行深入研究。以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长7段致密砂岩为研究对象，通过高压压汞和分形理论研究了致密砂岩孔喉结构和分形维数特征。讨论了分形曲线转折点与孔喉结构关系，并结合铸体薄片和扫描电镜，分析了孔喉分形特征形成原因。结果表明：致密砂岩分形曲线具有明显转折点。转折点为孔喉分布峰值，代表连通性好的大尺度孔喉向连通性差的小尺度孔喉的转换。致密砂岩小尺度孔喉分形维数平均值为2.24，大尺度孔喉半径分形维数平均值为4.65。大尺度孔喉非均质性明显强于小尺度孔喉。小尺度孔喉分形维数与孔喉结构相关性较好。致密砂岩小尺度孔喉主要为喉道和晶间孔，这部分孔喉连通性差，半径较小，受成岩作用影响微弱，因此分形维数小。致密砂岩大孔喉主要为剩余粒间孔和溶蚀孔隙，该类型孔喉半径较大，受成岩作用改造明显，因此分形维数大。
- 致密砂岩 /
- 鄂尔多斯盆地 /
- 分形特征 /
- 孔喉结构 /
- 成岩作用
Abstract: Microcosmic pore-throat structure is an important factor affecting the characteristics of sandstone reservoirs.However, the pore-throat of tight sandstone is complex and heterogeneous, which is difficult to be effectively characterized by conventional tests.Therefore, it is necessary to use fractal theory to research the pore-throat structure of tight sandstone.In this study, through high-pressure mercury injection porosimetry and fractal theory, the pore-throat structure and fractal dimension characteristics of the Chang 7 tight sandstones in Jiyuan area of the Ordos Basin are studied, and the relationship between infection points on the fractal curves and pore-throat structure are discussed.And combined with casting thin section and scanning electron microscope, the causes of fractal characteristics from pore-throat are analyzed.The results show that there are obvious infection points on fractal curves, and the infection point is the peak value of pore size distribution, which representes the transition from the large pore-throat with good connectivity to the small pore-throat with poor connectivity.The average fractal dimension of small pore-throat is 2.24, and that of large pore-throat is 4.65.The heterogeneity of large pore-throat is obviously stronger than that of the small pore-throat.And the correlation between fractal dimensions of small pore-throat and pore-throat structure is good.The small pore-throats of tight sandstones mainly consist of intercrystalline pores and throats, which have poor connectivity, small radius and weak influence by diagenesis.Therefore, the fractal dimensions of the small pore-throat are low.The large pore-throats of tight sandstone mainly consist of residual intergranular pores and dissolution pores.The large pore-throat has good connectivity, large radius and obvious transformation by diagenesis.Therefore, the fractal dimension of the large pore-throat is high.
- tight sandstone /
- Ordos Basin /
- fractal characteristics /
- pore-throat structure /
- diagenesis

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图 1 研究区地质构造及地层特征(研究区构造位置据文献[18]修改；地层柱状图据文献[19]修改)

Figure 1. Features of geological structure and lithology in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 致密砂岩孔隙度和渗透率相关性

Figure 2. Relationship between the permeability and porosity of tight sandstones

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 高压压汞进汞曲线(H2井，2 306 m，长7段)

Figure 3. Mercury curves of high-pressure porosimetry (Well H2, 2 306 m, Chang 7)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 致密砂岩孔喉半径分布

A.单峰型；B.双峰型

Figure 4. Pore size distribution of tight sandstones by high-pressure porosimetry

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 致密砂岩分形特征

Figure 5. Fractal characteristics of tight sandstone

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 小尺度孔喉分形维数与孔喉结构相关性

A.小孔喉进汞饱和度；B.中值压力

Figure 6. Relationship between fractal dimensions of small pore-throat and pore-throat structure in tight sandstones

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 致密砂岩进汞曲线特征(H2井，2 306 m，长7段)

Figure 7. Mercury curve characteristics of tight sandstone samples by high-pressure porosimetry (Well H2, 2 306 m, Chang 7)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 孔喉结构和渗透率相关性

Figure 8. Relationship between pore-throat structure of infection and permeability in tight sandstones

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 转折点压力和门槛压力相关性

Figure 9. Relationship between pressure of infection and threshold pressure in tight sandstones

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 致密砂岩孔喉分布曲线与转折点关系

A.单峰型；B.双峰型

Figure 10. Relationship between pore size distribution and infection of tight sandstones

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 长7段致密砂岩微观孔喉结构特征

A.绿泥石晶间孔，H1井, 2 554 m；B.粒内溶孔，H3井，2 270 m；C.孔隙缩小形成缩颈状喉道，H2井，2 306 m；D.长石溶孔进一步扩大，形成铸模孔，H5井，2 501 m；E.剩余粒间孔和弯片状喉道，H6井，2 404 m；F.半径较大的弯片状喉道和剩余粒间孔，H8井，2 395 m

Figure 11. Microscopic characteristics of pore-throat structure in the Chang 7 tight sandstones

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 致密砂岩孔喉结构和分形特征参数

Table 1. Pore-throat structure and fractal characteristic parameters of tight sandstone samples

井号	深度/m	孔隙度/%	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	门槛压力/MPa	中值压力/MPa	中值半径/μm	分形维数		转折点		进汞饱和度			孔喉类型
井号	深度/m	孔隙度/%	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	门槛压力/MPa	中值压力/MPa	中值半径/μm	小孔隙	大孔隙	转折点压力/MPa	转折孔喉/μm	大孔喉/%	小孔喉/%	总进汞/%	孔喉类型
H1	2 554	8.1	0.10	2.91	10.90	0.07	2.25	5.31	7.39	0.10	35.37	54.77	90.14	单峰
H2	2 306	9.2	0.12	1.81	11.15	0.07	2.21	4.62	7.38	0.10	41.02	43.49	84.51	单峰
H3	2 270	9.9	0.14	1.81	10.55	0.07	2.21	4.87	7.39	0.10	39.49	46.68	86.17	单峰
H4	2 170	8.3	0.24	1.14	16.57	0.04	2.29	4.67	4.55	0.16	28.01	59.29	87.30	双峰
H5	2 501	10.3	0.10	0.46	6.86	0.11	2.20	3.78	4.50	0.16	35.92	49.39	85.31	双峰
H6	2 404	10.4	0.32	0.72	4.19	0.18	2.22	5.09	1.81	0.41	28.68	61.85	90.53	双峰
H7	2 620	10.5	0.19	1.17	10.30	0.07	2.26	4.13	4.50	0.16	34.46	57.45	91.91	双峰
H8	2 395	11.5	0.28	1.16	12.63	0.06	2.27	4.71	4.50	0.16	33.95	56.96	90.91	双峰

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