Deformation mechanism and stability evaluation of Tanjiawan landslide based on multi-source data
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摘要: 针对2016年5月发生于秭归县西北部的谭家湾滑坡，结合卫星遥感影像、现场勘查资料以及历史资料等多源数据，初步明确了滑坡的影响区域、特征及发生时序；综合采用钻探、槽探、物探等手段，开展室内外相关实验，明确了滑坡区的地层特性以及岩土体物理力学性质指标，通过分析该区裂缝位移及GPS数据，对该边坡的变形机制进行了探讨，并对该区稳定性进行了评价。结果表明：①谭家湾滑坡属于不规则"圈椅形"中型松散层的水库下降型滑坡，滑坡区的地表形态、地质构造及岩性等因素决定了滑坡的形成和发育，库水位和降雨的共同作用激励了滑坡的变形；②滑坡根据时序共分为3级滑体，总体呈现多次、多层、相互影响的演化特点，第三级滑体具有牵引式特征；③滑坡体内地下水位随库水位下降而下降，但下降速率缓于库水位，随之坡体内水力梯度和渗透力显著变大，此时碰到强降雨，将会导致坡体地下水赋存，岩土体软化，加剧滑坡变形，须施加必要的防护措施。④稳定性分析表明，该滑坡现处于临界稳定状态，一旦发生降雨和库水位变化，局部段可能发生失稳滑动。Abstract: In view of the Tanjiawan landslide, which occurred in the northwest of Zigui County in May 2016, this paper preliminarily defined the affected area, characteristics and occurrence time sequence of the landslide based on multi-source data such as satellite remote sensing images, field survey data and historical data.By means of drilling, trough exploration and geophysical exploration, indoor and outdoor experiments were carried out to clarify the stratum characteristics and the physical and mechanical properties of the rock and soil mass in the landslide area.By analyzing the crack displacement and GPS data in the area, the deformation mechanism of the slope was discussed and the stability of the area was evaluated.The results show that: ①The Tanjiawan landslide belongs to reservoir descending landslide with irregular "chair-shaped" medium-sized loose layer; the surface morphology, geological structure and lithology of landslide area determine the formation and development of landslide, and the joint action of reservoir water level and precipitation stimulates the development of landslide; ②The landslide is divided into three levels of sliding body according to the time sequence, showing multiple, multi-layered and mutual shadows on the whole.The third-order sliding body has the characteristics of traction; ③The groundwater level in the landslide body decreases with the decrease of the reservoir level, but the rate of decline is slower than the reservoir level, and the hydraulic gradient and permeability in the slope body become significantly larger.Heavy rainfall at this time will lead to the occurrence of groundwater in the slope body, softening of rock and soil mass, and exacerbating landslide deformation, and necessary protective measures must be applied; ④Stability analysis shows that the landslide is in a critical stable state.Once rainfall and reservoir water level change, instability sliding may occur in some sections.
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图 2 谭家湾滑坡遥感影像图(2016年6月10日10时26分32秒)
Figure 2. Remote sensing image of Tanjiawan landslide(26′32″, 10 a.m., July 10, 2016)
图 3 谭家湾滑坡平面图(a)和Ⅱ-Ⅱ′剖面图(b)
Figure 3. Plain view of Tanjiawan landslide(a), and profile section of Ⅱ-Ⅱ′ (b)
图 4 谭家湾滑坡工程平面图
1.洪积物; 2.残坡积; 3.崩坡积; 4.滑坡体；5.蓬莱镇组；6.钻孔编号；7.滑坡边界；8.滑坡边界(推测)；9.地表裂缝；10.基岩界限；11.产状；12.裂缝计；13.GPS位移监测
Figure 4. Engineering geological ichnograohy of the Tanjiawan landslide
图 7 2017-2018年库水位、日降雨量、累计位移随时间变化曲线
Figure 7. Curve of reservoir water level, daily rainfall, accumulated displacement with time change from 2017 to 2018
图 9 库水位、裂缝宽度、降雨量随时间变化图
Figure 9. Curve of reservoir water level, crack width, rainfall with time change
图 10 监测点累计位移、库水位、月降雨量、库水位变化速率、月降雨量随时间变化曲线
Figure 10. Curve of cumulative displacement of monitoring points, reservoir, water level, rainfall, speed of reservoir water level, rainfall coupling with time change
表 1 计算工况及安全系数
Table 1. Calculation conditions and safety coefficient
工况 荷载组合 安全系数Fs 工况Ⅰ 自重+道路荷载+水库坝前162 m静水位 1.15 工况Ⅱ 自重+道路荷载+水库坝前175 m静水位+20年一遇暴雨 1.15 工况Ⅲ 坝前水位从175 m降至145 m+20年一遇暴雨 1.15 
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表 2 谭家湾滑坡稳定性系数计算结果
Table 2. Calculation results of stability coefficient of Tanjiawan landslide
剖面 重度γ/(kN·m-3) 黏聚力c/kPa 内摩擦角φ/(°) 稳定性系数 天然 饱和 天然 饱和 天然 饱和 工况Ⅰ 工况Ⅱ 工况Ⅲ 1-1′整体 21.63 22.63 15 13 26 24 1.047 2 1.012 1.008 60 1-1′次级滑体① 21.63 22.63 15 13 26 24 1.037 9 1.002 6 0.999 80 1-1′次级滑体② 21.63 22.63 15 13 26 24 1.015 7 0.963 3 0.956 50 2-2′整体 21.63 22.63 15 13 26 24 1.105 7 1.100 9 1.100 60 2-2′次级滑体① 21.63 22.63 15 13 26 24 1.076 6 1.070 8 1.062 70 2-2′次级滑体② 21.63 22.63 15 13 26 24 1.051 2 1.023 9 1.017 54 3-3′整体 21.63 22.63 15 13 26 24 1.125 2 1.109 1 1.102 10
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