湘中涟源凹陷下石炭统天鹅坪组页岩气成藏条件及主控因素

田巍; 陈孝红; 李旭兵; 岳勇; 李海; 刘安

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0504

湘中涟源凹陷下石炭统天鹅坪组页岩气成藏条件及主控因素

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0504

基金项目:

中国地质调查局地质调查项目"雪峰古陆周缘页岩气地质调查" DD20190558

详细信息

作者简介:
田巍(1986-), 男, 高级工程师, 主要从事含油气盆地构造分析及非常规油气勘探。E-mail: tianweijordan@163.com

中图分类号: P618.130.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-06

Accumulation conditions and main factors of the Lower Carboniferous Tianeping Formation in Lianyuan Sagin the middle of Hunan Province

摘要

摘要: 下石炭统天鹅坪组页岩是湘中地区页岩气勘探的新层系。基于野外地质调查、页岩气钻井的样品采集和分析测试等对湘中涟源凹陷石炭系天鹅坪组泥页岩的发育特征、有机地球化学特征、储层特征和含气性等页岩气成藏地质条件进行了分析。结果表明：涟源凹陷石炭系天鹅坪组有机质丰度较高，w（TOC）分布在0.78%~2.84%之间，有机质类型以Ⅱ₁型为主，有机质成熟度R_o分布在1.48%~2.09%之间，处于高成熟演化阶段；泥页岩矿物成分以石英和黏土矿物为主，黏土矿物主要由伊蒙混层、伊利石和绿泥石组成；泥页岩有机质孔较发育，孔隙度平均为1.97%，渗透率平均为0.847×10^-3 μm²，但大多小于0.1×10^-3 μm²；湘新地4井天鹅坪组泥页岩含气量分布在1.64~4.29 m³/t，平均2.69 m³/t（不含残余气）。结合区域构造-沉积演化背景的分析表明，涟源凹陷下石炭统天鹅坪组页岩气成藏条件的主控因素为沉积环境、构造保存条件，其中深水陆棚相是页岩气有利相带，复杂构造背景下由对冲式构造样式形成的向斜对页岩气保存条件最为有利，是研究区页岩气勘探的"甜点区"。研究成果可以为该区后续油气勘探提供参考。
- 湘新地4井 /
- 天鹅坪组 /
- 页岩气 /
- 成藏条件 /
- 涟源凹陷
Abstract: Lower Carboniferous Tianeping Formation shale is a new shale gas exploration bed in Linayuan Sag of Xiangzhong Depression.Based on the filed geological investigation, shale gas drilling wells, sample collection and laboratory analysis, the shale gas accumulation conditions of Carboniferous Tianeping Formation in the sag were discussed in this paper, such as distribution characteristics, geochemical characteristics, reservoir characteristics and gas content.The results show that the total organic content of the shale is high and distributed from 0.78% to 2.84%.The organic matter types are mainly type Ⅱ₁.The thermal evolution degree of the shale is mainly in high mature with the range of 1.48%-2.09%.The shale composition is mainly quartz and clay minerals which are mainly composed of illite/smectite, illite, and chlorite.The pore of organic matter is more developed in mud shale.The porosity and permeability of shale are 2.43% and 0.285×10^-3 μm² in average respectively, but the permeability of most of the samples is less than 0.1×10^-3 μm².The gas content of shale of Tianeping Formation in Well Xiangxindi 4 ranges from 1.64 m³/t to 4.29 m³/t, with an average of 2.69 m³/t (without residual gas).Combining with the regional sedimentary-tectonic background, we suggest the sedimentary environment and structural preservation conditions are the main controlling factors of shale gas accumulation conditions of Lower Carboniferous Tianeping Formation in Lianyuan Sag.The basin facies are the favorable facies belt for shale gas, and the syncline formed by the hedge structural style under the complex structural background is the most favorable for the preservation conditions of shale gas, which is the sweet spot area for shale gas exploration in the study area.The research results can provide reference for subsequent oil and gas exploration in this area.
- Well XXD-4 /
- Tianeping Formation /
- shale gas /
- gas accumulation characteristics /
- Lianyuan Sag

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图 1 涟源凹陷构造单元划分(a)和上泥盆统-下石炭统主要地层划分(b)

Figure 1. Subdivision of tectonic units(a) and main stratigraphic of Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous (b) in Lianyuan Sag

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图 2 涟源凹陷天鹅坪组TOC分布特征

Figure 2. TOC distribution characteristics of Tianeping Formation in Lianyuan Sag

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图 3 涟源凹陷天鹅坪组页岩有机质成熟度(R_o)分布特征

Figure 3. Distribution characteristics of organic matter maturity of Tianeping Formation shale in Lianyuan Sag

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图 4 涟源凹陷天鹅坪组矿物组成三角图

Figure 4. Triangle map of mineral composition of Tianeping Formation in Lianyuan Sag

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图 5 湘新地4井天鹅坪组泥页岩孔隙类型

a.有机质孔；b.晶间孔缝；c.黄铁矿晶间孔；d.有机质收缩缝；e.黏土矿物层间缝；f.构造缝

Figure 5. Pore types of Tianeping Formation shale in Well XXD-4

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图 6 湘新地4井天鹅坪组泥页岩孔隙度和渗透率直方分布图(8个样品)

Figure 6. Histogram of porosity and permeability of Tianeping Formation shale in Well XXD-4

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图 7 USBM直接法损失气量计算图(曲线回归法)

Figure 7. Calculation diagram of shale gas loss by USBM direct method (curve regression method)

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图 8 涟源凹陷天鹅坪组岩性对比剖面图及其含气性

Figure 8. Lithologic correlation profile and gas bearing chart of Tianeping Formation in Lianyuan Sag

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图 9 湘新地4井天鹅坪组含气性影响因素相关性分析图

Figure 9. Correlation analysis diagram of gas bearing factors of Tianeping Formation in Well XXD-4

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图 10 涟源凹陷天鹅坪组岩相古地理(据文献[37]修改)

Figure 10. Lithofacies and paleogeography of Tianeping Formation in Lianyuan Sag

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图 11 过湘新地4井二维地震时间剖面(a)和深度剖面(b)(测线位置见图 1A-A′)

Figure 11. Two-dimensional seismic time profile (a) and depth profile (b) cross the Well XXD-4

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表 1 涟源凹陷天鹅坪组泥页岩全岩X射线衍射分析结果

Table 1. X-Ray diffraction analysis result of whole rock of Tianeping Formation in Lianyuan Sag

采样位置	样品数	w(石英+长石)/%	w(黏土矿物)/%	w(碳酸盐矿物)/%	w(脆性矿物)/%
湘新地4井	18	15.0~58.0(33.9)	13.8~56.5(28.8)	5.4~68.2(39.4)	41.6~83.2(66.8)
冷水江剖面	2	32.8~38.5(35.7)	30.2~32.9(31.5)	24.8~34.5(29.7)	63.4~67.4(65.4)
坪上剖面	5	49.8~73.7(63.2)	23.7~33.6(28.6)	0.38~11.45(5.3)	59.7~74.1(67.8)
注：括号中的数值为平均值，下同

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表 2 涟源凹陷天鹅坪组泥页岩黏土矿物X射线衍射分析结果

Table 2. X-Ray diffraction analysis result of clay minerals of Tianeping Formation in Lianyuan Sag

采样位置	样品数	w (伊蒙混层)/%	w(伊利石)/%	w(绿泥石)/%	w(高岭石)/%
湘新地4井	18	64.0~84.0(75.7)	9.0~28.0(14.9)	3.0~18.0(8.5)	2.0~5.0(3.4)
冷水江剖面	2	/	85.0~86.5(85.7)	11.0~12.5(11.7)	2.5(2.5)
坪上剖面	5	/	91.0~94.0(91.9)	4.0~8.0(6.2)	1.0~2.5(1.9)

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