渤海湾盆地南乐地热田特征及其成因分析

黄旭; 章惠; 汪新伟; 李清瑶

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0506

渤海湾盆地南乐地热田特征及其成因分析

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0506

黄旭^{1, 2,},
章惠^{1, 2},
汪新伟³,
李清瑶⁴

基金项目:

中国石油化工股份有限公司重点科技项目"岩溶热储非震精细描述技术及应用" J20011

详细信息

作者简介:
黄旭(1988-), 男, 工程师, 主要从事构造地质与地热地质研究工作。E-mail: huangxu1688.xxsy@sinopec.com

中图分类号: P314
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-08

Characteristics and mechanism analysis of geothermal field in Nanle Sub-uplift, Bohai Bay Basin

Huang Xu^{1, 2
,},
Zhang Hui^{1, 2},
Wang Xinwei³,
Li Qingyao⁴

摘要

摘要: 为探究渤海湾盆地南乐地热田的岩溶热储特征及地热田成因机制，基于物探和地质资料，对渤海湾盆地南乐次凸地热田的热储展布规律、水化学特征、运移通道以及地温场等因素进行了剖析，构建了地热田成因概念模型。研究表明：南乐次凸地热田存在加里东、印支-海西、燕山、喜山4期奥陶系风化壳岩溶热储，顶板埋深1 427~2 135 m，有效厚度累计46.2~91.7 m；具有良好的盖层，地温梯度高达3.04~3.24℃/hm，地下水类型为SO₄+Cl-Na+Ca-B型；地热田形成于较高的大地热流、渤海湾陆内裂陷盆地-东濮凹陷西斜坡带背景下，受西部太行山区和东部鲁西南山区裸露基岩大气降水的共同补给，进入基岩的冷水深部循环受到热流的"热折射""热流再分配"效应以及兰聊断裂摩擦生热等的共同加热、增温，沿区域内不整合面以及断裂向上运移、富集，最终形成了以奥陶系为热储的传导型地热田系统。南乐次凸地热田奥陶系岩溶热储可采地热资源量为1.02×10⁹ GJ，折合标煤3.50×10⁷ t，可满足供暖面积12.37×10⁴万m²，具有良好的开发市场前景。研究成果对南乐地热田乃至渤海湾盆地的岩溶热储开发利用具有较好的指导意义。
- 岩溶热储 /
- 地热田 /
- 地热资源 /
- 裂陷盆地 /
- 南乐次凸
Abstract: In order to explore the characteristics of karst reservoir and the genetic mechanism of the Nanle geothemal field in Bohai Bay Basin.Based on geophysical and geological data, this paper analyzes the factors of the geothermal field that include karstic reservoir distribution, hydro-chemical characteristics, migration channels and geothermal, and eventually we construct the conceptual model of the geothermal field. The results show that there are four stages of Ordovician weathering crust karst heat reservoirs in the Nanle geothermal field, including Caledonian, Indo-Hercynian, Yanshan and Xishan. The burial depth of the Ordovician karstic reservoir is 1 427-2 135 m (effective thickness: 46.2-91.7 m). The reservoir is characterized by good caprock and geothermal gradient (3.04-3.24℃/hm), and the groundwater is SO₄+Cl-Na+Ca-B type. It is considered that the geothermal field is a conductive one, which was formed in the west slope belt of Dongpu Sag-intracontinental basin in the high heat flow. And the system is characterized by the cold water that deep into the bedrock of cycle that influenced by thermal refraction and redistribution effect of heat flow and friction heat generation of Lanliao fault, which along the regional unconformity and fracture migration, enrichment, whose recharged water source comes from atmospheric precipitation in the Taihangshan and Luxinan, and finally concentrated in Ordovician karst heat reservoir of the Nanle Sub-uplift. The total extractable geothermal resource of the Ordovician karstic reservoir in the Nanle Sub-uplift geothermal field is 1.02×10⁹ GJ (3.5×10⁷ t standard coal eqv.), and the annual geothermal resource can meet the indoor heating demand of 0.124 million square meter. The geothermal field has a good market potential.The results have a good guiding significance for the development and utilization of karst reservoirs in the south of Bohai Bay Basin-Nanle geothermal field.
- karst reservoir /
- geothermal field /
- geothermal resources /
- crack basin /
- Nanle Sub-uplift

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图 1 南乐次凸构造位置及边界位置

F₁.1号断裂；F₂.2号断裂；F₃.南乐次凸次级小断裂；F₄.3号断裂；F₅.磁县-大名断裂

Figure 1. Location map and boundary map of the Nanle Sub-uplift

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图 2 南乐地热田MT反演剖面地质解释(ρ单位：Ω·m)

a.过F₄断裂剖面线L1;b.过F′₄断裂剖面线L2;c.过F₆断裂剖面线L3；F₄.3号断裂；F′₄.4号断裂；F₆.5号断裂；Q-N.第四系-新近系；∈-O.奥陶系-寒武系；Ar.太古宇

Figure 2. Geological interpretation of MT inversion profile in the Nanle Sub-uplift

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图 3 南乐次凸文昌苑探采1井产液剖面

Figure 3. Fluid production profile of Wenchangyuan Exploration Well 1 in the Nanle Sub-uplift

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图 4 南乐次凸基岩顶板埋深图(a)与水温等值线分布图(b)

F₂.2号断裂；F₄.3号断裂；F′₄.4号断裂；F₆.5号断裂

Figure 4. Distribution map of karst water thermal storage thickness isoline (a) and temperature isoline (b) in the Nanle Sub-uplift

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图 5 南乐次凸地下热水样品的Piper三角图解(a)与Na-K-Mg三角图解(b)

Figure 5. Piper diagram (a) and Na-K-Mg diagram (b) of geothermal water samples from the Nanle Sub-uplift

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图 6 南乐次凸典型井温度-深度曲线图

R²为相关系数，四段曲线均呈线性分布，相关性较好

Figure 6. Temperature-depth curves of the measured wells in the Nanle Sub-uplift

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图 7 南乐次凸地热田成因概念模型

Figure 7. Conceptual model of geothermal field in the Nanle Sub-uplift

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表 1 南乐次凸地热田部分地热钻孔数据

Table 1. Typical geothermal borehole data from the Nanle Sub-uplift

井号	井深/m	热储层段/m	热储层位	出口水温/ ℃	水量/ (m³·h^-1)	储层有效厚度/m	盖层地温梯度/ (℃·hm^-1)
探采1井	2 700.51	985~1 375	Ng	52	70.24	155.1	2.89
回灌1井	1 427	982~1 376	Ng	50	118.57	127.7	2.74
温莎尚郡井	1 490	1 010~1 490	Ng	45	50.00	137.8	2.20
探采2井	2 281	1 766~2 281	O	68	126.04	48.2	3.24
探采3井	2 480	1 958~2 480	O	69	126.04	46.2	3.24
西环探采1井	2 400	1 873~2 400	O	75	55.00	45.8	3.08
府前街D4井	2 310	1 768~2 310	O	65	126.04	65.0	3.18
府前街D5井	2 496	1 840~2 496	O	65	126.03	91.7	3.23
文昌苑1井	2 498	1 842~2 498	O	63	110.00	54.8	3.21
文昌苑2井	2 265	2 072~2 265	O	70	120.00	26.3	3.04
注：上述数据均为本次研究的原始数据，取自实钻地热井。盖层地温梯度表示钻井上覆盖层的平均地温梯度，根据恒温层厚度24.8 m，平均地面温度16℃计算得到。Ng.新近系馆陶组；O.奥陶系

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表 2 南乐次凸部分井水化学分析数据

Table 2. Chemical analysis data of wells in the Nanle Sub-uplift

序号	井名	井深/ m	ρ(TDS)/ (mg·L^-1)	pH	阳离子ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)				阴离子ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)			阴阳离子平衡误差/%	水化学类型
序号	井名	井深/ m	ρ(TDS)/ (mg·L^-1)	pH	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	阴阳离子平衡误差/%	水化学类型
1	探采1井	2 700.51	2 881	7.73	15.78	695.00	181.40	31.42	475.70	1 364.00	173.00	2.69	SO₄+Cl-Na-B
2	回灌1井	1 427	2 082	8.23	4.07	573.02	70.91	13.48	375.59	726.46	325.90	2.26	SO₄+Cl-Na-B
3	温莎尚郡井	1 490	2 523	8.09	6.73	654.20	166.10	32.92	1 105.00	778.61	268.60	3.89	SO₄+Cl-Na-B
4	探采2井	2 281	3 530	6.86	50.13	367.96	512.64	88.73	539.50	1 533.30	238.43	0.73	SO₄+Cl-Na+Ca-B
5	探采3井	2 480	3 300	6.76	53.70	367.52	522.05	89.70	601.88	1 563.30	233.02	2.31	SO₄+Cl-Na+Ca-B
6	西环探采1井	2 400	2 890	6.50			284.40	34.30	836.00	7.00	219.00
7	府前街D4井	2 310	3 430	6.73					574.00	234.00
8	府前街D5井	2 496	3 350	7.19					638.00	248.00
9	文昌苑探采1井	2 498	3 291	7.19					611.35	1 465.40
10	文昌苑探采2井	2 265	3 295	6.68		395.77				1 466.40
11	清丰1井		3 070	6.97	45.56	341.13	405.13	77.60	578.63	1 116.90	262.87	1.33	SO₄+Cl-Na+Ca-B
12	清丰2井		3 040	7.69	46.94	340.84	428.98	79.04	572.22	1 114.30	280.54	0.14	SO₄+Cl-Na+Ca-B
注：上述数据均为本次研究的原始数据，取自实钻地热井。①水化学类型是按照C.A舒卡列夫分类(水中主要阴、阳离子摩尔分数大于25%的顺序排列命名)。②阴阳离子平衡相对误差：E=\|Φ_阳-Φ_阴\|/\|Φ_阳+Φ_阴\| ×100%，式中，Φ_阳、Φ_阴分别代表阳离子和阴离子的毫克当量浓度(meq/L)，如果E≤5%则说明该井水样测试结果比较准确；如果E＞5%则说明该井水样测试结果有问题。经过计算，研究区所有井的阴阳离子平衡相对误差(E)在0.14%~3.89%之间，说明测试结果较为准确

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表 3 南乐次凸地下热水循环深度计算结果

Table 3. Calculation results of geothermal water circulating depth in the Nanle Sub-uplift

井号	热储平均温度/℃	热循环最小深度/m
探采2井	61.0	2 296.14
探采3井	62.0	2 266.92
府前街D4井	58.5	2 249.75
府前街D5井	59.0	1 898.57
文昌苑探采1井	62.0	2 201.08
文昌苑探采2井	63.0	2 024.95

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