鄂尔多斯盆地南缘双龙地区直罗组下段后生蚀变地球化学特征及其对铀成矿的制约

刘阳; 王军礼; 曹惠锋; 计波

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0608

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘双龙地区直罗组下段后生蚀变地球化学特征及其对铀成矿的制约

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0608

基金项目:

国家重点基础发展计划 2015CB45300

中国地质调查局项目"718工程" DD20170128

中陕核工业集团公司科技攻关项目 61180104

详细信息

作者简介:
刘阳(1986-), 男, 工程师, 主要从事沉积学与砂岩型铀矿方面的研究工作。E-mail: 529832520@qq.com

中图分类号: P591
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-30

Geochemical characteristics of epigenetic alteration and its constraints on mineralization in lower segment of Zhiluo Formation, Shuanglong area, southern Ordos Basin

摘要

摘要: 勘探实践发现，双龙地区砂岩型铀矿受绿色蚀变控制，与东胜地区相似。为明确区内层间氧化带的地球化学识别标志，通过对研究区直罗组下段砂岩后生蚀变的宏观表征观察和酸解烃、Th/U、Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺及有机碳等的地球化学研究，并与东胜铀矿床对比，探讨了双龙矿床绿色砂岩的成因，并讨论后生蚀变作用对铀成矿的影响机制。分析结果表明：原生灰色砂岩各类烃含量高于绿色蚀变砂岩和氧化蚀变砂岩，绿色蚀变砂岩介于两者之间；Th/U、Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺和有机碳质量分数分别在0.37~1.82，0.06~5.09，0.01%~1.24%之间，氧化蚀变砂岩与绿色蚀变砂岩皆具有高Th/U值、低有机碳的特征，而绿色蚀变砂岩的各地球化学指标介于氧化蚀变砂岩和原生灰色砂岩之间。总之，双龙地区直罗组下段的蚀变砂岩地球化学特征显示，绿色蚀变是砂岩处于一种相对较强的还原状态下形成的产物，即还原性流体的二次还原作用，早期的层间氧化作用为铀成矿提供了物质基础，后期的二次还原作用则保存了矿体的完整性。这一研究对该区层间氧化带的判别及划分具有重要的指示作用，并为砂岩型铀矿成矿规律的研究提供重要依据。
- 双龙地区 /
- 直罗组 /
- 砂岩型铀矿 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: Green-color sandstone illustrates close association to the deposition of sandstone-type uranium via field exploration, which is similar to the Dongsheng area. Geochemical research on acidolysis hydrocarbon, Th/U, Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ and organic carbon content in Zhiluo Formation were conducted, aiming to decipher the uranium mineralization in the green color sandstone.The result shows that: (1) Primary gray sandstone hold the higher content of hydrocarbon than the green altered and oxidized ones, and then the green altered sandstone.(2)Both oxidized sandstone and green alteration sandstone were chartererised by high Th/U (0.37-1.82) and low organic content (0.01%-1.24%).Green alteration was probably triggered by intensive reduced material, that is, the secondary reduction of reducing fluid.The early interlayer oxidation provided the material basis for uranium mineralization, and the later secondary reduction preserved the integrity of the ore body.This study has an important indication for the discrimination and division of interlayer oxidation zone in this area, and provides an important basis for the study of metallogenic regularity of sandstone type uranium deposits.
- Shuanglong area /
- Zhiluo Formation /
- sandstone-type uranium deposit /
- geochemistry

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图 1 研究区地质简图(a据参考文献[1]修改)

1.第四系；2.新近系；3.环河-华池组；4.洛河组；5.宜君组；6.东胜组；7.伊金霍洛组；8.安定组；9.直罗组；10.延安组；11.三叠系；12.铀矿床；13.铀矿点；14.地表放射性异常点；15.断裂构造；16.构造分区线；17.工作区；18.钻孔位置；19.地理位置

Figure 1. Tectonic sketch of the study area

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图 2 直罗组下段后生蚀变砂岩宏观特征

Figure 2. Macro characteristics of epigenetic alteration sandstone in lower segment Zhiluo Formation

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图 3 双龙地与东胜地区某勘探线剖面图(据参考文献[4]修改)

Q.第四系；K₁.白垩系；J₂z².直罗组上段；J₂z¹.直罗组下段；J₂y.延安组

Figure 3. A exploration line section of Shuanglong and Dongsheng areas

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图 4 双龙地区和东胜地区各蚀变带砂岩地球化学分析图

Figure 4. Analysis diagram of sandstone geochemistry of alteration belt in Shuanglong and Dongsheng areas

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图 5 直罗组下段砂岩氧化蚀变宏观表征

a，b，d.黄铁矿和炭质条带被氧化；c.氧化的植物茎秆

Figure 5. Macro characteristics of oxidation alteration in lower segment of Zhiluo Formation

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图 6 双龙地区直罗组下段后生蚀变控矿机理

1.灰色砂岩；2.氧化砂岩；3.灰绿色砂岩；4.泥岩；5.铀矿体；6.油斑；7.煤层或炭屑；8.黄铁矿；9.褐铁矿；10.赤铁矿；11.被氧化的炭屑；12.不整合界面；13.断层

Figure 6. Ore-controlling mechanism of epigenetic alteration in Zhiluo Formation in Shuanglong area

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表 1 双龙地区岩心样品清单

Table 1. Sample list of core in Shuanglong area

样品号	采样井	岩性	深度/m	岩性描述	分析项目
04Z-35	ZK-YS23	棕红色细砂岩	346.25~346.35	斜层理发育，碎屑占80%左右，以长石、石英为主，岩屑次之，钙泥质胶结	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC、烃类
04Z-38		棕红色细砂岩	348.55~348.65	斜层理发育, 碎屑占80%左右，以长石、石英为主，岩屑次之，钙泥质胶结	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC、烃类
04Z-40		灰色细砂岩	380.15~380.25	碎屑占75%左右，碎屑以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC、烃类
04Z-41		灰色中砂岩	384.55~384.65	略带浅红色，碎屑占80%以上，碎屑以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之, 见黄铁矿结核6 cm×7 cm	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC、烃类
04Z-42		灰绿色中砂岩	368.76~368.86	碎屑占80%左右，碎屑以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC、烃类
04Z-43		浅灰绿色细砂岩	371.63~371.73	碎屑占70%左右，以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之，见波状层理，见灰色粉砂岩条带	烃类
04Z-44		浅灰绿色细砂岩	378.40~378.50	碎屑占70%左右，以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之	烃类
04Z-46		灰色含矿中砂岩	387.75~387.85	含矿，碎屑以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之，见炭质条带	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC、烃类
04Z-48		灰色含矿中砂岩	388.65~388.85	含矿，碎屑以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之，见炭质条带	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC、烃类
04Z-50	ZK-01	灰白色粗砂岩	378.47~378.57	碎屑物质石英占75%，长石10%，未见有机质，岩屑10%	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC、烃类
04Z-53	ZK-YS49	灰白色细砂岩	435.36~435.36	碎屑物质石英占75%，长石10%，岩屑5%，见灰色泥砾	烃类
04Z-54	ZK-YS49	灰白色中砂岩	436.34~436.44	碎屑物质石英占75%，长石10%，岩屑5%，见灰色泥砾	烃类
04Z-55	ZK-YS21	浅灰绿色细砂岩	451.88~451.98	碎屑占65%左右，以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之，见波状层理，见灰绿色粉砂岩条带	烃类
04Z-56		灰白色中砂岩	472.56~472.66	碎屑占80%左右，以石英为主，其次为岩屑，硅质胶结	烃类
04Z-57		灰白色中砂岩	472.86~472.96	碎屑占80%左右，以石英为主，其次为岩屑，硅质胶结	烃类
04Z-13	ZK-FX2	浅灰绿色细砂岩	212.55~212.65	碎屑占80%左右，以石英为主，可见云母，硅质胶结	烃类
04Z-14		浅灰绿色中砂岩	212.76~212.86	碎屑占80%左右，碎屑以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之	烃类
04Z-15		灰色白细砂岩	248.46~248.56	碎屑物质石英占75%，长石10%，岩屑5%	烃类
04Z-21	ZK-04	灰绿色细砂岩	207.53~207.63	碎屑占65%左右，以石英为主，长石次之，见波状层理	烃类
04Z-24	ZK-YS43	褐黑色细砂岩	443.34~443.44	碎屑占70%以上，以长石石英为主，钙泥质胶结，致密	烃类
04Z-25		褐黑色细砂岩	443.87~443.97	碎屑占70%以上，以长石石英为主，钙泥质胶结，致密	烃类
04Z-26		褐黑色细砂岩	444.56~445.66	碎屑占70%以上，以长石石英为主，钙泥质胶结，致密	烃类
04Z-33	ZK-FX9	灰色粗砂岩	394.63~394.73	碎屑物质石英占75%，长石10%，岩屑5%，可见少量炭屑	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC
04Z-75		灰绿色细砂岩	383.25~383.35	碎屑占75%左右，以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之，中间夹薄层泥质粉砂岩	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC
04Z-94		灰绿色中砂岩	388.88~388.98	碎屑占80%左右，以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之，有时可见紫红色斑块	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC
04Z-58		灰绿色中砂岩	386.10~386.20	碎屑占80%左右，以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC
04Z-60		灰色中砂岩	390.68~390.78	碎屑物占80%左右，以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之，可见云母	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC、烃类
04Z-93		灰白色含矿中砂岩	403.78~403.88	含矿，碎屑以石英为主，长石、岩屑次之，见炭质条带	U、Th、Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺、OrgC

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表 2 各类蚀变砂岩中烃质量体积分析结果

Table 2. Results of sandstone of hydrocarbon

地区	砂岩类型	甲烷	乙烷	丙烷	异丁烷	正丁烷	异戊烷	正戊烷	样品个数/个
地区	砂岩类型	质量体积ρ_B/(μL·kg^-1)							样品个数/个
双龙	灰色砂岩	1 663.40	377.00	411.30	11.47	61.04	41.40	20.97	5
	灰白色砂岩	2 289.10	519.90	485.00	12.06	68.68	40.09	20.59	6
	褐黑色砂岩	567.34	131.70	194.40	6.08	32.14	21.50	13.18	3
	棕红色砂岩	1 487.00	357.20	301.10	8.82	45.63	25.71	15.91	2
	灰绿色砂岩	1 249.50	324.90	375.40	12.66	67.93	44.47	25.25	7
东胜	灰绿色砂岩	532.88	71.23	21.35	1.13	7.25	1.98	5.48	4
东胜	灰色砂岩	256.57	34.87	13.43	0.83	4.07	1.32	5.70	6
注：双龙地区资料引自本文；东胜地区资料引自文献[25]

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表 3 直罗组铀储层砂岩中Th/U、Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺、TOC值

Table 3. Results of Th/U, Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺, TOC for Zhiluo Formation uranium reservoir sandstone

地区	样品号	岩性	w(U)/10^-6	w(Th)/10^-6	Th/U	w(Fe³⁺)/%	w(Fe²⁺)/%	Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺	w(TOC)/%
双龙	04Z-35	棕红色细砂岩	2.56	3.87	1.51	3.75	0.73	5.14	< 0.01
	04Z-38	棕红色细砂岩	3.24	5.76	1.78	2.31	0.54	4.28	< 0.01
	04Z-40	灰色细砂岩	3.67	4.72	1.29	0.42	0.54	0.78	< 0.01
	04Z-41	灰色中砂岩	1.90	2.72	1.43	0.91	0.45	2.02	< 0.01
	04Z-42	灰绿色中砂岩	3.17	2.80	0.88	0.69	1.30	0.53	0.04
	04Z-46	灰色含矿中砂岩	818.85	11.98	-	0.77	0.66	1.17	0.98
	04Z-48	灰色含矿中砂岩	2 720.62	2.84	-	0.59	0.62	0.95	0.88
	04Z-50	灰白色粗砂岩	7.65	2.83	0.37	0.83	0.85	0.98	0.02
	04Z-33	灰色粗砂岩	4.09	4.22	1.03	0.21	3.37	0.06	0.10
	04Z-75	灰绿色细砂岩	3.03	5.46	1.80	0.55	1.10	0.50	0.02
	04Z-94	灰绿色中砂岩	3.36	2.01	0.60	3.97	0.78	5.09	0.07
	04Z-58	灰绿色中砂岩	1.69	3.07	1.82	0.17	0.40	0.43	0.02
	04Z-60	灰色中砂岩	2.70	2.52	0.93	0.59	0.68	0.87	< 0.01
	04Z-93	灰白色含矿中砂岩	891.56		-	1.07	1.48	0.72	1.24

地区	样品数	岩性	Th/U平均值		Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺平均值			w(TOC)/%平均值
双龙	2	氧化蚀变砂岩	1.66		4.73			0.01
	4	绿色蚀变砂岩	1.19		1.50			0.04
	8	原生灰色砂岩	0.85		0.62			0.41
东胜	4	氧化蚀变砂岩	1.87		5.74			0.08
	8	绿色蚀变砂岩	1.77		1.15			0.03
	6	原生灰色砂岩	0.98		1.48			0.09
注：东胜地区资料引自文献[20]

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