地下水循环结构的动力学研究进展

万力; 王旭升; 蒋小伟

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0003

地下水循环结构的动力学研究进展

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0003

万力^a,,
王旭升^b, ,,
蒋小伟^{a, b}

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41772249

详细信息

作者简介:
万力(1962-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事水文地质教学和科研工作。E-mail: wanli@cugb.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王旭升(1974-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事地下水动力学研究工作。E-mail: wxsh@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641
计量
- 文章访问数: 953
- PDF下载量: 115
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-31
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-02

Advances in dynamics of groundwater circulation patterns

Wan Li^a
,,
Wang Xusheng^{b
, ,},
Jiang Xiaowei^{a, b}

摘要

摘要: 由地下水补给、径流和排泄过程构成的地下水循环运动，是水文循环的重要组成部分，也是水文地质学的基本研究对象。地下水循环在空间上表现为不同结构单元的组合，存在以含水层特性为依据的介质结构和以渗流场为依据的动力结构2种划分方法。地下水流系统是动力结构意义上的地下水循环单元。近10年来，区域地下水流系统理论取得了显著进展，更加全面深入地揭示了地下水循环结构的动力学特性。通过对河间地块地下水流系统的研究，发现潜水面最高点并非地下水分水岭的准确位置。在盆地尺度上，系统研究了沟谷地貌、降水入渗强度、渗透性随埋深变化和盆地厚度等因素对潜水面波形与地下水循环动力结构的影响，初步发现了动力结构的周期性或趋势性演化特征。通过大规模流线路径的精细识别或驻留时间的统计分析，提出了三维地下水循环单元的划分方法。在水文地质效应方面，发现地下水循环的动力结构对地下水年龄的分布有重要影响。地下水循环的动力结构反映了不同补给区和排泄区之间的水力联系，在盆地尺度地球化学过程、流域尺度生态水文过程中发挥着关键作用，未来的研究重点是三维地下水循环的动力特性和演变规律。
- 地水文循环 /
- 地下水流系统 /
- 地下分水岭 /
- 潜水面 /
- 盆地
Abstract: As an essential part of hydrological cycle, groundwater circulation is a process including groundwater recharge, flow and discharge, which has been the primary research topic in hydrogeology.The spatial patterns of groundwater circulation are composed of different structure elements.There are two partitioning methods: the media structure determined from aquifer properties and the dynamic patterns determined according to the seepage field.A groundwater flow system (GFS) roles as a groundwater circulation cell within the concept of the dynamic patterns.In the last decade, significant advances have been achieved in the theory of GFSs, revealing groundwater circulation patterns in more comprehensive and deep ways.Studies on GFSs between parallel streams discovered that the top of water table is not the accurate position of groundwater divide.At the basin scale, the integrated impacts of the vale landform, precipitation infiltration rate, depth dependent permeability and basin thickness on the undulating shape of water table and groundwater circulation patterns were systematically investigated, with preliminary discovery on the evolution characteristics of dynamic patterns in periodicity and tendencies.Partitioning methods for three dimensional groundwater circulation cells were developed, according to fine-grained identification of paths or statistic analysis on residence times along a huge number of streamlines.For the hydrogeological effect, it has been found that the groundwater circulation patterns significantly influence the distribution of groundwater age.As an indication of hydraulic connection between recharge and discharge zones, groundwater circulation patterns play a key role in the geochemical processes at the basin scale and eco-hydrological processes at the catchment scale, which should be studied with more attentions on the dynamic and evolution behaviors of the three-dimensional groundwater circulation.
- hydrological cycle /
- groundwater flow system /
- groundwater divide /
- water table /
- basin

HTML全文

图 1 地下水循环的结构单元示意图

a.含介质结构(改自文献[12])；b.剖面动力结构(改自文献[7])；c.平面动力结构(改自文献[13])；d.三维动力结构(改自文献[17])

Figure 1. Illustrations of structural elements in groundwater circulation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 几种河间地块剖面模型

a.Dupuit-Forchheimer模型(改自文献[13])；b.对称流网(改自文献[22])；c.均匀介质不对称流网(改自文献[23-24])；d.非均匀介质不对称流网

Figure 2. Several profile models of an aquifer-block between streams

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 波状潜水面模型及其地下水循环动力结构

a.渗透性随深度衰减的影响(改自文献[30])；b.各向异性的影响(改自文献[31])；c.入渗强度的影响(改自文献[33])；d.盆地深度的影响(改自文献[34])

Figure 3. Undulating water table models and their groundwater circulation dynamic patterns

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 潜水面周期性变化模型

a.跷跷板型(改自文献[36])；b.同期涨落型(改自文献[37])

Figure 4. Models of periodical change in water table

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 三维地下水循环结构的模拟识别案例

a.荷兰Regge河地区1850年地下水流系统(改自文献[18])；b.中国鄂尔多斯高原中部湖泊群地下水循环单元(改自文献[17])

Figure 5. Simulated identification cases of three-dimensional groundwater circulation patterns

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 地下水循环动力结构控制地下水年龄分布的案例

a.长度6 km假想剖面模拟结果(改自文献[55])；b.鄂尔多斯高原大克泊-胡同察汗淖剖面模拟和钻孔实测结果(改自文献[56])

Figure 6. Cases of the groundwater age distribution dominated by groundwater circulation dynamic patterns

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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