Experimental simulation of salt transport in hierarchically nested groundwater flow systems
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摘要: 地下水年龄和滞留时间包含了地下水循环和演化的重要信息，被广泛用于盆地地下水循环模式的研究。使用多级次地下水流系统演示仪，实验模拟了三级水流系统模式中地下水年龄及滞留时间分布。研究发现，盆地底部、区域流线的下游、盆地滞留区最晚响应；浅部的局部水流系统稳定后的浓度值相对较低；中间水流系统相对深部的区域水流系统也较低，滞留区盐分积累，浓度值相对较大。盆地内部所有监测点的地下水年龄分布曲线都为单峰，区域水流系统的循环时间大于中间水流系统以及局部水流系统。在排泄区监测的滞留时间分布显示不同级次补给会产生早、中、晚峰，并且峰值与地下水流系统的级次性完全对应，可以通过排泄区的峰值判断地下水是从局部、中间或区域水流系统补给而来，以此判断污染物的来源。本研究成果对于地下水的循环演化和地下水流系统理论的完善具有一定的意义。Abstract: Groundwater age and groundwater residence time contain important information about groundwater circulation and evolutionary processes, and have been widely used in the study of groundwater circulation patterns in basins.In this paper, we simulated a three-stage flow system model through a multi-stage groundwater flow system demonstrator, and simulated the groundwater age distribution and groundwater residence time distribution based, and found that the bottom of the basin, the downstream of the regional flow, and the basin retention area responded the latest.The local flow system in the shallow part has relatively low concentration values after stabilization, the intermediate flow system is also relatively low compared to the regional flow system in the deep part, and the stagnant zone has relatively large concentration values due to salt accumulation.The groundwater age distribution curves are single-peaked, and the circulation time of the regional flow system is greater than that of the intermediate flow system than that of the local flow system.The residence time distribution monitored in the discharge zones shows that different levels of recharge will produce early, middle and late peaks, and the peaks correspond exactly to the level of the groundwater flow system.It can be judged from the peaks in the discharge zones that the groundwater is recharged from the local, intermediate or regional flow system, and thus the source of contaminants can be determined.The present research results have some significance for the evolution of groundwater circulation and the improvement of groundwater flow system theory.
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图 2 红墨水示踪得到的多级次盆地地下水流系统
R.区域水流系统; I.中间水流系统; L.局部水流系统，数字表示局部水流系统的编号
Figure 2. Groundwater flow system of multi-stage basin obtained by red ink tracing
图 3 多级次盆地地下水流系统中主要监测点的浓度变化
图中数字表示不同的监测点编号
Figure 3. Concentration variation of the main monitoring points in groundwater flow system of multi-stage basin
图 4 多级次盆地地下水流系统中各监测点稳定后的浓度分布
图中数字表示标准化浓度，色块表示滞留区范围
Figure 4. Stable concentration distribution of each monitoring point in groundwater flow system of multi-stage basin
图 5 多级次盆地地下水流系统中主要监测点的地下水年龄分布
图中数字表示不同的监测点编号
Figure 5. Groundwater age distribution of the main monitoring sites in groundwater flow system of multi-stage basin
图 6 盆地多级次地下水流系统中地下水年龄分布密度函数峰值对应的时间
Figure 6. Time corresponding to the peak of the density function of groundwater age distribution in groundwater flow system of multi-stage basin
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