长江中游沿岸地下水中铵氮与磷的共存规律及其控制因素

冷智超; 杜尧; 陶艳秋; 黄艳雯; 邓娅敏

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0021

长江中游沿岸地下水中铵氮与磷的共存规律及其控制因素

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0021

冷智超^{a, b,},
杜尧^{a, b, ,},
陶艳秋^{a, b},
黄艳雯^{a, b},
邓娅敏^{a, b}

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41907173

详细信息

作者简介:
冷智超(1998-), 男, 现正攻读环境工程专业硕士学位, 主要从事地下水污染与防治研究工作。E-mail: lenzch@163.com

通讯作者:
杜尧(1989-), 男, 教授, 主要从事生态水文地质、同位素生物地球化学方面的研究工作。E-mail: yaodu@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: X141;P641
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- 文章访问数: 855
- PDF下载量: 67
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-29
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-02

Coexistence and controlling factors of ammonium and phosphorus in groundwater along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Leng Zhichao^{a, b
,},
Du Yao^{a, b
, ,},
Tao Yanqiu^{a, b},
Huang Yanwen^{a, b},
Deng Yamin^{a, b}

摘要

摘要: 长江中游平原区面临着一系列严重的地质环境问题，其中地下水铵氮和磷的问题十分突出，但目前对于二者共存规律的认识还十分薄弱。以长江中游沿岸故道区为典型研究区，对采集的地下水样品进行了水文地球化学分析，并综合运用因子分析和随机森林模型探讨了铵氮和磷的赋存规律。结果表明：地下水整体处于还原环境中，NH₄-N的质量浓度为0.03~71.0 mg/L（均值9.92 mg/L），P的质量浓度为0.02~3.38 mg/L（均值0.51 mg/L）。地下水中高浓度的铵氮与磷均主要为天然成因，但铵氮与磷的迁移富集过程存在差异：铵氮的迁移富集与含氮有机质矿化过程密切相关；磷的迁移富集与铁氧化物或氢氧化物的还原性溶解密切相关，而含磷有机质矿化是磷富集的次要过程。Eh很低的地下水环境易产生高浓度铵氮的地下水，相对中等的还原环境会产生高浓度的磷但通常不会伴生高浓度的铵氮；当地下水中S^2-，DOC，I均处于相对较高的浓度水平时会伴生大量的铵氮，而磷的浓度在很大程度上受控于Fe²⁺浓度；当DOC，I和Fe²⁺浓度都高时，通常会出现铵氮和磷浓度都较高的现象。
- 地下水 /
- 铵氮 /
- 磷 /
- 有机质 /
- 铁氧化物
Abstract: The plain area of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is faced with a series of serious geological environment problems, among which the groundwater ammonium and phosphorus are the most abnormal, but the understanding of their coexistence is still very weak.In this paper, the hydrogeochemical analysis was carried out on the groundwater samples collected from the oxbows along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the occurrence rules of ammonium and phosphorus were discussed by means of factor analysis and random forest model.The results showed that: Groundwater is in reductive environment as a whole, the mass concentration of NH₄-N is 0.03-71.0 mg/L(the mean is 9.92 mg/L), and the mass concentration of P is 0.02-3.38 mg/L(the mean is 0.51 mg/L).High concentration of ammonium and phosphorus in groundwater are mainly from natural causes.However, the migration and enrichment processes of ammonium and phosphorus are different.The migration and enrichment of ammonium is closely related to the mineralization process of organic matter.The migration and enrichment of phosphorus is closely related to the reductive dissolution of iron oxide/hydroxide, and the mineralization of organic matter containing phosphorus is the secondary process of phosphorus enrichment.A low Eh groundwater environment is prone to produce high ammonium groundwater, while a relatively medium reduction environment will produce high phosphorus but usually not associated with high ammonium nitrogen.When S^2-, DOC and I are in relatively high concentrations, a large amount of ammonium is associated, while the concentration of phosphorus is largely controlled by the concentration of Fe²⁺.When DOC, I, and Fe²⁺ are all high, high concentrations of ammonium and phosphorus are usually present.
- groundwater /
- ammonium /
- phosphorus /
- organic matter /
- iron oxide

HTML全文

图 1 研究区位置、采样点位图及典型水文地质剖面图

Figure 1. Location of the study area, sampling points and typical hydrogeological section

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图 2 水样的水化学Piper三线图

Figure 2. Piper diagram of hydrochemistry of water samples

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图 3 各影响因子控制下的铵氮与磷共存状态

Figure 3. Coexistence of ammonium and phosphorus under the control of each influencing factor

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图 4 铵氮、磷与主要环境因子的相关性图

Figure 4. Relationship between NH₄-N, P and major environmental factors

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图 5 随机森林模型各影响因子对NH₄-N和P的特征重要性

Figure 5. Characteristic importance of each influencing factor to ammonium and phosphorus by the random forest model

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表 1 研究区水样水化学指标统计

Table 1. Statistics of chemical parameters of water samples in the study area

水化学指标	地表水(n=14)			地下水(n=59)
水化学指标	最小值	最大值	平均值	最小值	最大值	平均值
pH	7.57	9.26	8.14	6.08	8.08	7.15
Eh/mV	39.6	217	125	-207.8	122.5	-95.4
	ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)
NH₄-N	0.02	0.64	0.21	0.03	71.0	9.92
P	0.01	4.94	0.41	0.02	3.38	0.51
Fe²⁺	—	—	—	< 0.001	38.5	6.32
HCO₃^-	102.24	210.0	150.88	104	1 753	681
DOC	< 0.001	7.83	3.89	1.39	22.51	8.35
TDS	90	213	179	49	1 058	501
Fe	< 0.001	0.22	0.03	0.01	24.6	8.84
Mn	< 0.001	0.06	0.01	< 0.001	2.97	0.66
K	0.88	6.61	3.0	0.32	13.1	3.67
Ca	23.03	49.19	39.84	15.5	334.03	154.4
Na	4.66	16.7	11.77	9.02	167.27	21.66
Mg	6.74	15.36	10.52	4.23	166.4	44.03
Cl^-	11.3	24.05	16.02	0.72	58.26	9.15
NO₃^-	0.34	8.86	3.8	< 0.001	8.14	—
SO₄^2-	4.05	36.54	25.94	< 0.001	89.58	—
	ρ_B/(μg·L^-1)
S^2-	—	—	—		< 0.1	192	12
As	1.44	9.06	4.02	0.37	625.0	122.4
I	1.3	10.53	4.64	2.1	594.36	87.36
注：—表示大部分水样质量浓度低于检出限

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表 2 因子分析结果

Table 2. The results of factor analysis

因子	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
P	0.261	0.556	-0.179	0.003	-0.389
Eh	-0.255	-0.680	-0.218	-0.048	-0.161
NH₄-N	0.901	0.193	0.130	0.058	-0.131
Mg²⁺	0.743	0.000	0.564	-0.065	-0.081
Fe²⁺	-0.130	0.819	0.200	-0.200	-0.124
Na⁺	0.074	-0.107	-0.010	0.936	-0.065
Ca²⁺	0.060	0.085	0.857	-0.289	-0.167
K⁺	0.583	0.063	0.039	0.087	0.610
Fe	0.179	0.810	-0.039	-0.112	-0.246
S^2-	0.055	-0.074	-0.191	0.829	0.377
DOC	0.539	0.370	0.217	0.151	0.187
pH	-0.559	-0.084	0.271	0.472	-0.109
Cl^-	-0.003	-0.285	-0.051	0.092	0.738
TDS	0.127	0.054	0.812	0.101	0.279
As	-0.019	0.785	-0.014	-0.031	-0.057
HCO₃^-	0.596	0.145	0.682	0.112	-0.271
I	0.687	-0.027	0.057	0.018	0.099
特征值	4.735	2.983	1.988	1.596	1.126
贡献率/%	19.7	17.8	14.6	11.7	9.3
累积贡献率/%	19.7	37.5	52.1	63.8	73.1
注：字体加粗表示该因子中具有较高载荷的特征值；TDS.总溶解固体

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