广西干热型地热资源成因机制与赋存模式

孙明行; 张起钻; 刘德民; 孙兴庭; 林珊; 吴祥珂; 梁国科; 李玉坤; 管彦武; 李叶飞

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0037

广西干热型地热资源成因机制与赋存模式

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0037

基金项目:

广西关键矿产资源深部勘查人才小高地项目桂组通字[2019]85号

广西关键矿产资源深部勘查人才小高地项目 2019-2023年

广西合浦盆地干热型地热资源调查项目桂地矿地[2021]23号

中国地质调查局项目"海南昌江-广东云浮地区区域地质调查" DD20190047

详细信息

作者简介:
孙明行(1989—)，男，工程师，主要从事区域地质矿产调查工作。E-mail: smhgxddy@163.com

通讯作者:
刘德民(1975—)，男，副教授，主要从事区域地质矿产调查方面的教学和研究工作。E-mail: 5guc@163.com

中图分类号: P314
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-21

Genesis and occurrence models of hot-dry geothermal resources in Guangxi

摘要

摘要:
干热岩(HDR)作为一种清洁、可再生的地热资源，所蕴含的地热能潜力巨大，极具开发前景和研究价值。为了向干热型地热资源生成理论研究及赋存条件分析提供案例，向干热岩成因机制、赋存模式的系统性总结贡献广西经验，选取地热资源丰富的钦州、合浦盆地为研究对象，采用区域地质调查、热物性测定、放射性元素测量、地热地球化学和地球物理勘查等综合性研究方法，对两个干热型地热资源潜力区的热源机制、运移和聚热模式进行了系统总结，即在有限的地质、地热井、热物性和大地电磁测深(MT)资料的约束下，初步建立密度、磁性、电性参数与基础地质认识有机统一的地质—地球物理模型和干热型地热资源赋存模型。结果表明：在地球内热的生成、演化理论制约下，钦州盆地以壳、幔物质上涌所形成的传导型热为主要热源，归属于强烈构造活动带—沉积盆地型干热型地热资源区；合浦盆地以“低速高导”局部熔融层为主要热源，以次级幔枝或热点为热源补给，归属于近代火山—沉积盆地型干热型地热资源区。研究结果为干热型地热资源的勘查提供了理论依据，对广西干热型地热资源潜力区的对比性研究和精细化评价具有示范性意义。
- 广西 /
- 干热型地热资源 /
- 成因机制 /
- 赋存模式
Abstract:
As a kind of clean and renewable geothermal resource, dry hot rock (HDR) contains a huge potential for geothermal energy, which is of great development prospect and research value. To provide cases for the theoretical study on the generation and the analysis of occurrence conditions of dry-hot geothermal resources, and contribute the experience of Guangxi to the systematic summary of the genesis and occurrence models of HDR, this article selects Qinzhou and Hepu basins, which contain rich geothermal resources, as the research objects, using regional geological survey, thermophysical determination, radioactive element measurement, geothermal geochemistry, geophysical exploration and other comprehensive research methods, systematically summary the heat source mechanism, migration and heat accumulation model of two potential dry heat geothermal resource regions. Under the constraint of limited geological, geothermal well, thermophysical property, and magnetotelluric sounding(MT)data, establish an organic and unified geology-geophysics model of density, magnetism, electrical property parameters, and basic geological knowledge, an occurrence model of dry hot geothermal resources. The results suggest that under the restriction of the generation and evolution of the earth′s internal heat, Qinzhou Basin is classified as an active tectonic belt - sedimentary basin type of HDR resources area, which regards crust-mantle upwelling material as the main heat source; Hepu Basin is classified as the modern volcano-sedimentary basin type of HDR resources area, which regards local molten layer as the main heat source with the "low speed and high resistance" and secondary mantle branch / hot spot as the supply heat source. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of dry-hot geothermal resources and have demonstrative significance for the comparative study and fine evaluation of dry-hot geothermal resource potential areas in Guangxi.
- Guangxi /
- hot-dry geothermal resources /
- genesis /
- occurrence models

HTML全文

图 1 研究区区域地质及地热地质简图

F₁.峒中-小董断裂；F₂.防城-灵山断裂；F₃.合浦-梧州断裂；MT.大地电磁测深剖面

Figure 1. Sketch map of regional geology and geothermal geology inthe study area

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图 2 研究区典型地质体的放射性生热率对比图

1.第四纪玄武岩; 2.三叠纪花岗岩; 3. 志留纪花岗岩; 4.古—中生代碎屑岩; 5.新元古代变质岩; 6.中国花岗岩; 7.中国玄武岩

Figure 2. Comparison chart of RHGR of the typical geological bodies from the study area

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图 3 研究区典型地质体Th/K-U/K协变图解

Figure 3. Th/K-U/K covariant diagram of the typical geological body from the study area

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图 4 研究区典型地质体比热容趋势图解

Figure 4. Sketch map of regional geology and geothermal geology in the study area

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图 5 广西热水点δD_V-SMOW-δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW同位素关系图解

Figure 5. Diagram of the δD_V-SMOW-δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW relationship at the geothermal point, Guangxi

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图 6 研究区电性结构及布格重力异常图(A-B剖面位置见图 1)

Figure 6. Map of the electrical structure and Bouguer anomaly in the study area

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图 7 研究区30 km以浅区域精细化电性结构图(A-B剖面位置见图 1)

Figure 7. Elaborate electrical structure within 30 km in the study area

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图 8 研究区干热岩赋存模式

Figure 8. Occurrence model of the HDR resources in the study area

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表 1 研究区典型地质体的放射性元素含量和放射性生热率统计

Table 1. Statistical table of radioactive element contents and RHGR of the typical geological bodies from the study area

时代	岩性	样品编号	块体密度ρ/(g·cm^-3)	Th	U	w(K₂O)/%	A/(μW·m^-3)	A_Th	A_U	A_K
时代	岩性	样品编号	块体密度ρ/(g·cm^-3)	w_B/(μg·g^-1)		w(K₂O)/%	A/(μW·m^-3)	热贡献率/%
第四纪	烟墩玄武岩	WZD-01	2.59	6.76	1.26	1.75	0.92	49	34	17
第四纪	涠洲岛玄武岩	WZD-03	2.83	7.18	1.56	1.41	1.08	48	39	13
三叠纪	六万大山堇青花岗岩	HP-45-01	2.70	17.5	5.46	2.72	2.87	42	49	9
		HP-45-03	2.70	16.4	5.27	4.01	2.86	40	47	13
		HP-45-04	2.69	18.3	5.67	3.86	3.07	41	47	12
	那丽堇青花岗岩	QZ-22-02	2.76	18.5	4.15	4.29	2.81	47	39	15
		QZ-22-03	2.71	18.4	3.65	4.32	2.62	49	36	16
		QZ-22-05	2.76	18.9	3.27	3.96	2.57	52	33	15
	旧州紫苏花岗岩	QZ-44-05	2.75	24.7	3.06	4.07	2.92	59	27	13
		QZ-44-06	2.72	27.0	2.92	3.92	3.00	63	25	12
		QZ-44-07	2.76	26.5	3.20	3.70	3.06	61	27	12
志留纪	六万大山黑云二长花岗岩	HP-54-02	2.75	7.05	1.35	4.06	1.24	40	29	31
		HP-54-04	2.72	8.92	1.48	4.87	1.46	42	26	31
		HP-54-05	2.71	7.87	1.61	4.48	1.38	39	30	31
中生代	那周尾组粉砂岩	QZ-16-05	2.35	16.7	4.00	0.13	1.91	53	47	1
古生代	莲花山组石英砂岩	HP-49-02	2.61	12.8	1.21	2.30	1.36	63	22	15
古生代	莲花山组石英砂岩	HP-49-04	2.75	5.81	0.65	1.68	0.74	55	23	22
新元古代	片麻岩	QZ-22-B5	2.75^#	21.0	2.20	6.21	2.65	56	22	22
新元古代	片麻岩	QZ-22-B1	2.75^#	20.2	2.26	5.80	2.57	55	23	22
	中国花岗岩类		2.66*	16.0*	2.80*	4.32*	2.20	50	32	18
	中国玄武岩		3.00*	3.0*	0.73*	1.45*	0.59	39	35	26
注：ρ为块体密度(g/cm³)；A为放射性生热率(μW/m³)；A_U、A_Th、A_K为U、Th、K元素热贡献率(%)；* 据文献[5]

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表 2 研究区典型地质体的热物性参数统计

Table 2. Statistical table of thermophysical parameters of the typical geological bodies from the study area

时代	岩性	样号编号	K	ρ	C	k
第四纪	烟墩玄武岩	WZD-01	2.026	2.59	1.306	0.60
第四纪	涠洲岛玄武岩	WZD-02	2.136	2.83	1.306	0.58
三叠纪	六万大山堇青花岗岩	HP-45-03	3.475	2.70	1.383	0.93
	六万大山堇青花岗岩	HP-45-04	2.226	2.70		0.60
	那丽堇青花岗岩	QZ-22-05	3.013	2.76		0.79
	那丽堇青花岗岩	QZ-22-06	3.494	2.71		0.93
	旧州紫苏花岗岩	QZ-44-05	2.964	2.75	1.397	0.77
		QZ-44-06	2.941	2.72		0.77
		QZ-44-10	3.329	2.67		0.89
志留纪	六万大山黑云二长花岗岩	HP-54-03	3.306	2.65	0.794	1.57
		HP-54-04	3.145	2.72		1.46
		HP-54-05	3.830	2.71		1.78
中生代	那周尾组粉砂岩	QZ-15-01	3.643	2.40	1.295	1.17
	那周尾组粉砂岩	QZ-15-02	2.633	2.35	1.295	0.87
	石夹组硅质灰岩	QZ-08-01	3.238	2.43	1.372	0.97
	小董组细砂岩	QZ-43-01	3.884	2.70	1.155	1.25
	小董组细砂岩	HP-54-01	4.579	2.75	1.155	1.44
	莲花山组石英砂岩	HP-49-01	4.288	2.75	1.185	1.32
	莲花山组石英砂岩	HP-49-02	4.397	2.61		1.42
	莲滩组变质砂岩	QZ-10-01	3.512	2.60		1.14
	莲滩组变质砂岩	QZ-25-01	2.582	2.13		1.03
注：ρ为块体密度(g/cm³)；K为热导率(W/mK)；C为比热容(J/(g·K))；k为热扩散率(10^-6 m²/s)，且k=K/(ρ·C)；☆据文献[1]

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表 3 研究区水样D、¹⁸O同位素分析测试结果

Table 3. Results of D, ¹⁸O isotopic analyses of the water samples from the study area

编号	取样地点	水样类型	δD_V-SMOW/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW/‰
SY01	合浦廉北村	浅井	-48.5	-7.38
SY02	合浦大庄江村	热泉	-50.6	-7.59
SY05	合浦苏屋村	浅井	-44.8	-6.54
SY06	合浦岭咀村	浅井	-47.2	-7.07
SY08	合浦石湾村	浅井	-49.3	-7.35
SY10	合浦苏屋村	浅井	-41.9	-6.15
SY11	合浦石湾镇	热泉	-51.0	-7.52
SY12	合浦石湾镇	热泉	-49.3	-7.59
合1	合浦清水村	地热井	-31.9	-5.16
合2	合浦清水村	地热井	-	-5.18

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