地下水分层勘查技术在地下水流系统研究中的应用

高宗军; 张福存; 安永会; 解伟; 冯建国

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0039

地下水分层勘查技术在地下水流系统研究中的应用

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0039

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41641022

国家科技研发项目 2020YFC1808302

山东省自然科学基金项目 ZR2020MD109

中国地质调查局项目 DD20190339

详细信息

作者简介:
高宗军(1964-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事水文地质教学与科研工作。E-mail: gaozongjun@126.com

中图分类号: P641
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- 文章访问数: 914
- PDF下载量: 64
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-02

Application of groundwater stratified exploration technology in groundwater flow system research

摘要

摘要: 地下水流是一种运动流体，空间上分布连续且能传递压力，在能量（势）差驱使下发生从水头高处向低处的运动。通常在补给（势源）区，地下水垂向上由上向下运动，而在排泄（势汇）区地下水由下向上运动，即地下水整个生命过程中总是由源到汇、向着能量减小的方向做径流运动，无论是在单个或多个透水岩层中都是如此。地下水分层勘查技术使在垂向上分层监测水头、水温和水质等成为可能，从而实现对不同及同一含水岩层的上下不同点间地下水流要素的比较，并判断全井或单井不同垂向区段的势源汇条件，为地下水流空间运动方向判定和地下水流系统划定奠定基础。本文以地下水流系统理论与试验观测研究为基础，论述了地下水分层勘查技术的原理、系统结构和功能，结合张掖盆地实例阐述了分层勘查技术在地下水补给与排泄区判识的应用方法。
- 地下水流系统 /
- 地下水流要素 /
- 分层勘查技术 /
- 垂向监测 /
- 水流上行下行 /
- 张掖盆地
Abstract: The groundwater stored in the aquifer is a kind of moving fluid, which is continuously distributed in space and can transmit pressure.It is driven by the potential energy difference to move from high to low head.Usually in the recharge area (high head), the groundwater moves vertically from top to bottom, while in the drainage area (low head), the groundwater moves from bottom to top.The movement of groundwater in aquifers is like the same life process, in which it always moves from the source to the sink in the direction of energy reduction, whether it is in a single or multiple permeable rock formations.Hydrogeological stratified exploration technology (HSET) makes it possible to monitor different depths of groundwater elements such as head, temperature and quality in the vertical direction, so as to realize the comparison of groundwater elements between the vertical points of multi-layer aquifer rock formations.At the same time, HSET can judge the potential source and sink conditions of different vertical sections of a full well or a single well, laying a foundation for finely describing the spatial movement of groundwater flow and delimiting the groundwater system.This paper discusses the principle, system structure and function of groundwater layered exploration based on the theory and experimental observation of groundwater flow system and expounds the application method of layered exploration technology in the identification of groundwater recharge or discharge area in Zhangye Basin.
- groundwater flow system /
- groundwater flow elements /
- stratified exploration technology /
- vertical water head monitoring /
- the water flows up and down /
- Zhangye Basin

HTML全文

图 1 流域盆地地下水流系统及其伴生现象(据文献[10]修改)

Figure 1. Groundwater flow system and its associated phenomena in basin-type watershed

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图 2 地下水流系统物理模拟结果(据文献[12]修改)

Figure 2. Physical simulation results of groundwater flow system

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图 3 定水头条件下不同排泄点及流场内地下水流演示图(据文献[14]修改)

a.3个排泄点形成的多级水流系统; b.复杂流场内“死角”水重力下移引起的沿着隔水顶板的快速依赖水流

Figure 3. Demonstration diagram of groundwater flow in different discharge points and flow fields under constant head conditions

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图 4 可监测渗流场三维流动的试验装置平面及东西向剖面示意图(据文献[15-16]修改)

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the plane and cross-section of the test device monitoring the three-dimensional flow of the seepage field

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图 5 三维试验显示的排水及注水时地下水空间三维流情况(据文献[15-16]修改)

Figure 5. Three-dimensional flow of groundwater space during drainage and water injection under three-dimensional tests

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图 6 地下水分层勘查原理图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of groundwater stratified exploration

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图 7 分层监测井的原理示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the principle of a layered monitoring well

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图 8 张掖盆地地下水位等值线、补排分区及监测井分布略图

Figure 8. Groundwater level contour, recharge and discharge area and distribution of monitoring wells in Zhangye Basin

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图 9 A-B剖面地下水流系统示意图

1.第四系; 2新近系; 3.白垩系; 4.奥陶系; 5.太古界; 6.侵入岩; 7.等水位线; 8.流线; 9.泉; 10.界线

Figure 9. Diagram of groundwater flow system of section A-B

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