基于栅格最大值法的县域综合地质灾害建模

范雅婕; 范宣梅; 方成勇

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0046

基于栅格最大值法的县域综合地质灾害建模

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0046

详细信息

作者简介:
范雅婕(1997—)，女，现正攻读地质工程专业硕士学位，主要从事地质灾害风险评价与防治研究。E-mail: 779232340@qq.com

通讯作者:
范宣梅(1981—)，女，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事遥感和地理信息系统在地质学科中的应用研究、地质灾害风险评价与防治研究。E-mail: 18202308@qq.com

中图分类号: X84
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-07

County comprehensive geohazard modelling based on the grid maximum method

摘要

摘要: 四川省地形高低悬殊, 岩性构造发育, 各类地质灾害频发, 开展地质灾害易发性评价具有重要意义。崩塌、泥石流属于广义上的滑坡, 以四川省丹巴县为例, 从考虑不同滑坡类别的区域性地质灾害易发性出发综合考虑崩塌、滑坡、泥石流的空间概率分布。基于ArcGIS通过高精度数字高程模型共选取高程、坡度等10个地质灾害关键控制因素, 采用信息量模型对综合地质灾害进行了易发性评价。最终通过ArcGIS的单元统计(Cell Statistics)功能实现多个栅格图层最大值法合成综合易发性, 进一步利用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)验证单种滑坡类别易发性模型的精度。按照自然断点法将研究区划分为极低、低、中、高、极高易发区, 高易发区和极高易发区主要集中分布在章谷镇、太平桥乡以及甲居镇等地。研究结果证明信息量模型能对单类地质灾害进行评价, 栅格最大值法是获取综合易发性的一种有效评价方法。
- 综合地质灾害 /
- 地理信息系统 /
- 信息量模型 /
- 栅格最大值法 /
- 易发性评价
Abstract: Sichuan Province is characterized by great differences in topography, lithologic structure and frequent occurrence of various local disasters. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out evaluations of the vulnerability of geological disasters. Rockfall and debris flows are landslides in a broad sense. Taking Danba County, Sichuan Province, as a case study, the spatial probability distributions of collapse, landslide and debris flow are comprehensively considered from the perspective of the susceptibility of different types of landslides to regional geological disasters. Based on ArcGIS, 10 key control factors of geological hazards, such as elevation and slope, were selected by a high-precision digital elevation model, and the susceptibility of comprehensive geological hazards was evaluated by an information content model. Finally, the Cell Statistics function of ArcGIS was used to realize the synthesis and comprehensive vulnerability of the maximum value method of multiple raster layers, and the ROC curve was further used to verify the accuracy of the vulnerability model of landslide categories in a single area. According to the natural break point method, the very low-, low-, medium-, high- and very high-prone areas were divided, and the high- and very high-prone areas were mainly concentrated in Zhanggu Town, Taipingqiao Township and Jiaju Town.This paper shows that the information model can evaluate a single type of geological hazard and that the grid maximum method is an effective evaluation method to obtain the comprehensive vulnerability.
- comprehensive geohazard /
- ArcGIS /
- information value model /
- grid maximum method /
- susceptibility evaluation

HTML全文

图 1 丹巴县地质灾害概况

Figure 1. Overview of the geohazards in Danba County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 丹巴县崩塌灾害易发性评价因子图

Figure 2. Factor chart of susceptibility evaluation of rockfalls in Danba County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 丹巴县滑坡灾害易发性评价因子图

Figure 3. Factor chart of susceptibility evaluation of landslides in Danba County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 丹巴县泥石流灾害易发性评价因子图

Figure 4. Factor chart of susceptibility evaluation of debris flows in Danba County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 崩塌因子柱状图

(图中R₃因子由于分级数太多只能相间列出，具体见表 1)

Figure 5. Factor histogram of rockfall

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 滑坡因子柱状图

(图中因子L3、L4因分级数太多只能相间列出，具体分级见表 2)

Figure 6. Factor histogram of landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 泥石流因子柱状图

Figure 7. Factor histogram of debris flow

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图 8 丹巴县崩塌灾害易发性分区

Figure 8. Subdivision of rockfall susceptibility in Danba County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 丹巴县崩塌易发性评价ROC曲线

Figure 9. ROC curve of rockfall susceptibility evaluation in Danba County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 丹巴县滑坡灾害易发性分区

Figure 10. Subdivision of landslide susceptibility in Danba County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 丹巴县滑坡易发性评价ROC曲线

Figure 11. ROC curve of landslide susceptibility evaluation in Danba County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 丹巴县泥石流灾害易发性分区

Figure 12. Subdivision of debris flow susceptibility in Danba County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 丹巴县泥石流易发性评价ROC曲线

Figure 13. ROC curve of debris flow susceptibility evaluation in Danba County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 丹巴县综合地质灾害易发性分区

Figure 14. Subdivision of comprehensive susceptibility in Danba County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 丹巴县综合地质灾害易发性评价ROC曲线

Figure 15. ROC curve of comprehensive susceptibility evaluation in Danba County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 丹巴县崩塌灾害易发性评价因子信息量(I)统计

Table 1. Information content statistics of rockfall susceptibility evaluation factors in Danba County

高程/m	< 1 800	[1 800, 2 000)	[2 000, 2 200)	[2 200, 2 500)	[2 500, 3 000)	[3 000, 3 500)	[3 500, 4 000)	[4 000, 4 500)	[4 500, 5 000)	[5 000, 5 409]
I	0.45	1.00	0.93	0.74	0.57	0.13	0.00	0.45	0.45	0.45
坡度/(°)	< 10	[10, 20)	[20, 30)	[30, 35)	[35, 40)	[40, 45)	[45, 50)	[50, 55)	[55, 60]	>60
I	0.01	0.34	0.42	0.43	0.57	0.80	0.84	0.85	0.20	0.10
岩性	半坚硬中厚层状变质岩			坚硬中厚层状变质岩		坚硬花岗岩		坚硬碳酸盐岩	松散堆积岩
I	0.36			0.26		0.14		0.35	0.99
NDVI	< 0.2			0.40		0.6		0.8	1.0
I	0.68			1.00		0.51		0.23	0
距断层距离/km	[0, 1)	[1, 2)	[2, 3)	[3, 4)	[4, 5)	[5, 6)	[6, 7)	[7, 8)	[8, 9)	[9, 10)
I	0.94	0.90	0.78	0.66	0.68	0.10	0.48	0.65	0.56	0.49
距断层距离/km	[10, 11)	[11, 12)	[12, 13)	[13, 14)	[14, 15)	[15, 16)	[16, 17)	[17, 18)	[18, 19)	[19, 20]
I	0.26	0.31	0.26	0	0.10	0.10	0	0	0	0
曲率	< -5	[-5, -2)	[-2, -1)	[-1, -0.5)	[-0.5, 0]	[0, 0.5)	[0.5, 1)	[1, 2)	[2, 5]	>5
I	1.00	0.83	0.19	0.39	0.31	0.33	0.14	0.13	0	0.32

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 丹巴县滑坡灾害易发性评价因子信息量(I)统计

Table 2. Information content statistics of landslide susceptibility evaluation factors in Danba County

高程/m	< 1 800	[1 800, 2 000)	[2 000, 2 200)	[2 200, 2 500)	[2 500, 3 000)	[3 000, 3 500)	[3 500, 4 000)		[4 000, 4 500)	[4 500, 5 000)	[5 000, 5 409]
I	0.62	1.00	0.94	0.89	0.83	0.52	0.18		0	0.62	0.62
坡度/(°)	< 10	[10, 20)	[20, 30)	[30, 35)	[35, 40)	[40, 45)	[45, 50)		[50, 55)	[55, 60]	>60
I	0.60	0.92	1.00	0.90	0.74	0.61	0.47		0	0	0.10
距河流距离/km	< 0.5	[0.5, 1.0)	[1.0, 1.5)	[1.5, 2)	[2, 3)	[3, 4)	[4, 5)		[5, 6)	[6, 7)	[7, 8)
I	0.99	0.95	0.83	0.82	0.76	0.58	0.44		0.46	0	0.62
距河流距离/km	[8, 9)	[9, 10)	[10, 11)	[11, 12)	[12, 13)	[13, 14)	[14, 15)		[15, 20)	[20, 24]
I	0.62	0.62	0.33	0.11	0.62	0.62	0.62		0.62	0.62
土地利用类型	旱地	灌木	经济作物	林地	建筑用地	工矿企业	其他	道路	河流水面	草地	设施农用
I	0.66	0.54	0.93	0.36	1.00	0	0	0.90	0	0	0
距断层距离/km	[0, 1)	[1, 2)	[2, 3)	[3, 4)	[4, 5)	[5, 6)	[6, 7)		[7, 8)	[8, 9)	[9, 10)
I	0.95	0.94	0.78	0.73	0.71	0	0.64		0.63	0.71	0.62
距断层距离/km	[10, 11)	[11, 12)	[12, 13)	[13, 14)	[14, 15)	[15, 16)	[16, 17)		[17, 18)	[18, 19)	[19, 20]
I	0.63	0.59	0.56	0.54	0.26	0.24	0.15		0	0	0
岩性	半坚硬中厚层状变质岩			坚硬中厚层状变质岩		坚硬花岗岩			坚硬碳酸盐岩	松散堆积岩
I	0.65			0.32		0			0.72	1.00

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表 3 丹巴县泥石流灾害易发性评价因子信息量(I)统计

Table 3. Information content statistics of the debris flow susceptibility evaluation factors in Danba County

高程/m	< 1 800	[1 800, 2 000)	[2 000, 2 200)	[2 200, 2 500)	[2 500, 3 000)	[3 000, 3 500)	[3 500, 4 000)	[4 000, 4 500)	[4 500, 5 000)	[5 000, 5 409]
I	0.59	1.00	0.93	0.90	0.77	0.45	0.26	0	0.59	0.59
坡度/(°)	< 10	[10, 20)	[20, 30)	[30, 35)	[35, 40)	[40, 45)	[45, 50)	[50, 55)	[55, 60]	>60
I	1.00	0.70	0.24	0.25	0.19	0.12	0.02	0.10	0	0.17
TWI	[2.9, 6.7)	[6.7, 7.7)	[7.7, 8.5)		[8.5, 9.3)	[9.3, 10.3)	[10.3, 11.6)	[11.6, 13.4)	[13.4, 22.5)
I	0.12	0	0.23		0.39	0.51	0.57	0.81	1.00
SPI	< 1	[1, 2)	[2, 3)		[3, 4)	[4, 5)	[5, 6)	[6, 7)	[7, 8)
I	0.62	0.62	0.33		0.11	0.62	0.62	0.62	0.62
岩性	半坚硬中厚层状变质岩		坚硬中厚层状变质岩			坚硬花岗岩		坚硬碳酸盐岩	松散堆积岩
I	0.66		0.54			0.93		0.36	1.00

下载: 导出CSV

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