泥质砂岩残积土边坡降雨冲刷特性

李继兴; 严松; 杨春健; 方跃光

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0051

泥质砂岩残积土边坡降雨冲刷特性

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0051

李继兴^1,,
严松^{2, 3, ,},
杨春健¹,
方跃光⁴

基金项目:

云南省交通厅科教项目"基于原位测试关键技术的山区高速公路高边坡风险评价体系与防治措施研究" [2020]74号

详细信息

作者简介:
李继兴(1966—), 男, 正高职高级工程师, 主要从事水利水电工程、公路工程方面的研究工作。E-mail: 598106123@qq.com

通讯作者:
严松(1994—), 男, 现正攻读建筑与土木工程专业硕士学位, 主要从事特殊土工程性质研究。E-mail: songyan.whrsm@163.com

中图分类号: P642.1;P642.21
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-27

Rainfall erosion characteristics of argillaceous sandstone residual soil slopes

Li Jixing^1
,,
Yan Song^{2, 3
, ,},
Yang Chunjian¹,
Fang Yueguang⁴

摘要

摘要: 泥质砂岩残积土作为一种结构性很强的特殊土, 具有崩解性强、抗冲蚀性差以及扰动性极大的特点, 对工程建设有较大影响。为了探究泥质砂岩残积土边坡降雨冲刷机理, 设计了边坡降雨冲刷试验, 通过现场三维激光扫描技术测试分析了其表面冲刷效应; 利用高密度电法进一步明确了泥质砂岩残积土边坡的入渗特性、表面冲刷演化机制及冲刷破坏机理。结果表明: 冲刷试验的最初阶段, 降水入渗强且主要向坡脚处运移, 坡表未形成明显的细沟; 冲刷试验中期, 坡脚处土体最先达到饱和而形成坡面径流, 细沟贯通扩大形成小规模冲槽以及片蚀区; 冲刷试验后期, 坡面中部和坡脚处土体冲蚀严重, 坡脚处的冲槽向上部延伸, 片蚀区扩大, 导致表层土体结构发生变化, 渗透性差异明显; 泥质砂岩残积土坡体降雨冲刷主要划分为表层溅蚀、下层潜蚀和细沟贯通3个阶段, 坡面土体流失主要发生在最后一个阶段, 细沟率达到最高值16.9%, 细沟贯通率也高达0.74。研究结果可以为深入探讨泥质砂岩残积土边坡冲蚀防护和研究冲蚀防护机理提供基础资料。
- 泥质砂岩残积土 /
- 边坡 /
- 降雨 /
- 冲刷 /
- 入渗性质 /
- 三维激光扫描 /
- 高密度电法
Abstract: As a special soil with a strong structure, argillaceous sandstone residual soil has the characteristics of strong disintegration, poor erosion resistance and great disturbance, it has great influence on the engineering construction. To explore the mechanism of rainfall erosion of argillaceous sandstone residual soil slopes, a slope rainfall erosion test is designed. The surface erosion effect is analysed by 3D laser scanning technology on site. The infiltration characteristics, surface brush evolution mechanism and erosion failure mechanism of argillaceous sandstone residual soil slopes are further clarified by using a high-density electrical method. The results show that in the initial stage of the experiment, the precipitation was highly permeable and mainly migrated to the foot of the slope, and no obvious rills were formed on the surface of the slope. In the middle period of the erosion test, the soil at the foot of the slope reached saturation first, and slope runoff was formed, and the rill expanded to form small-scale erosion chutes and chip erosion areas.In the later stage of the test, the soil erosion in the middle of the slope and at the foot of the slope was serious. The upwards part of the channel at the foot of the slope extended, and the erosion area expanded, which led to the structural change in the surface soil, and the permeability difference was obvious. The rainfall erosion of argillaceous sandstone residual soil slope was mainly divided into three parts. The soil loss of slope mainly occurred in the last stage, with a maximum rill rate of 16.9% and gully connectivity of up to 0.74.
- argillaceous sandstone residual soil /
- slope /
- rainfall /
- erosion /
- infiltration property /
- 3D laser scanning /
- high density electrical method

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图 1 泥质砂岩残积土

Figure 1. Argillaceous sandstone residual soil

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图 2 泥质砂岩残积土边坡冲蚀状况

Figure 2. Erosion condition of argillaceous sandstone residual soil slope

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图 3 边坡现场(a)及示意图(b)

Figure 3. Site(a) and schematic diagram (b) of slope

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图 4 边坡冲刷测试系统

Figure 4. Slope erosion test system

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图 5 高密度电阻率法测点和深度记录点

Figure 5. Measuring points and depth recording points of the high density resistivity method

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图 6 WBD网络并行电法仪

C₁、C₂为供电电极，P₁、P₂为测量电极，a为电极间距，本试验中a=0.5 m，n为隔离系数(n=1, 2, 3, …)

Figure 6. WBD network parallel electrical instrument

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图 7 三维激光扫描仪

Figure 7. 3D laser scanner

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图 8 高密度电法测试结果(各状态同表 2)

a.状态一(测线1);b.状态一(测线2);c.状态二(测线1);d.状态二(测线2);e.状态三(测线1);f.状态三(测线2); g.状态四(测线1);h.状态四(测线2);i.状态五(测线1);j.状态五(测线2);k.状态六(测线1);l.状态六(测线2); m.状态七(测线1);n.状态七(测线2);o.状态八(测线1);p.状态八(测线2);q.状态九(测线1);r.状态九(测线2); s.状态十(测线1);t.状态十(测线2);u.状态十一(测线1);v.状态十一(测线2)

Figure 8. Test results of the high density electrical method

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图 9 降雨过程中细沟变化

Figure 9. Variation in rill during rainfall

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图 10 细沟深度及细沟宽度变化

Figure 10. Variation in depth and width of rill

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图 11 细沟率与连通率变化

Figure 11. Variation in rill rate and connectivity

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表 1 泥质砂岩残积土物理性质

Table 1. Physical properties of argillaceous sandstone residual soil

物理性质	参数
相对密度	2.72
天然密度/(g·cm^-3)	1.89
天然含水率/%	17.5
标准击实试验：
最大干密度/(g·cm^-3)	1.86
最优含水率/%	12
颗分试验：w_B/%
粗砂	18.4
中沙	23.5
细砂	8.5
粉砂	20.7
黏土	28.9

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表 2 模拟降雨及试验测试设计

Table 2. Simulated rainfall and experimental test design

测试状态	降雨累计时长/h	测试内容
状态一(初始)	0	电法、三维激光扫描
状态二(降雨)	2	电法
状态三(入渗)	2	电法、三维激光扫描
状态四(降雨)	4	电法
状态五(降雨)	6	电法
状态六(入渗)	6	电法、三维激光扫描
状态七(降雨)	8	电法
状态八(降雨)	10	电法、三维激光扫描
状态九(降雨)	11	电法
状态十(降雨)	12.5	电法、三维激光扫描
状态十一(入渗)	12.5	电法、三维激光扫描

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