Analyzing the characteristics and reason for the ground collapse hazard in Shenzhen
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摘要: 为了查明深圳市地面塌陷成因并提出防治措施, 收集整理了深圳市2016-2020年地面塌陷灾害事故数据, 通过现场调查、数据统计分析以及GIS空间分析, 研究了深圳市地面塌陷灾害的时空分布、灾害危害程度以及塌陷成因等。结果表明: 深圳市地面塌陷灾害正处于持续增长阶段, 绝大多数属于小规模塌陷, 且绝大多数发生在雨季, 其中5-8月尤为严重; 地面塌陷发灾点主要集中分布在福田区、罗湖区以及光明区, 主要塌陷地点是市政道路和人行道; 塌陷成因主要包括管网破损、暗渠河道破损、施工不当、雨水冲刷、软土沉降、车辆荷载过大以及其他原因, 其中, 管网破损和施工不当是造成地面塌陷的最主要原因。本研究成果可为深圳市及其他类似城市地面塌陷的防治工作提供一定的参考与借鉴。Abstract: To ascertain the causes of ground collapse in Shenzhen and put forward prevention and control measures, this paper collects ground collapse accidents in Shenzhen between 2016 and 2020 and analyses the spatial and temporal distribution, hazard degree of ground collapse, and causes of ground collapse through field investigation, statistical data analysis and GIS spatial analysis. The results show that ground collapse disasters in Shenzhen are in a stage of continuous growth, most of which are small-scale ones, and most of which occur in the rainy season, especially from May to August. The disaster sites of ground collapse are mainly in Futian District, Luohu District and Guangming District, and the main sites of ground collapse are municipal roads and sidewalks. The main reason for ground collapse disasters is damage to water pipelines, damage to culverts, improper construction, rainwater erosion, settlement of soft soil, excessive vehicle loads and so on. Among them, water pipeline damage and improper construction are the main causes of ground collapse. The research results can provide some reference for the prevention and control of ground collapse in Shenzhen and other similar cities.
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图 1 深圳市地面塌陷事故年度分布特征
Figure 1. Annual distribution charactertics of ground collapse accidents in Shenzhen City
图 2 深圳市地面塌陷与降雨量按月分布特征
Figure 2. Characteristics of monthly distribution of ground collapse and rainfall in Shenzhen City
图 3 深圳市2016-2020年地面塌陷分布图
Figure 3. Ground collapse distribution in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020
图 4 2016-2020年深圳市地面塌陷分区统计
Figure 4. Statistics of ground collapse in Shenzhen City by region from 2016 to 2020
图 5 2016-2020年深圳市地面塌陷分地点统计
Figure 5. Statistics of ground collapse in Shenzhen City by site from 2016 to 2020
图 6 深圳市地面塌陷成因分类统计
Figure 6. Statistics of causes classification of ground collapse in Shenzhen
表 1 皮尔逊相关系数的关联程度
Table 1. Correlation of Pearson correlation coefficients
|r|的范围 相关程度 0.0≤|r| < 0.2 极弱相关或无关 0.2≤|r| < 0.4 弱相关 0.4≤|r| < 0.6 中等程度相关 0.6≤|r| < 0.8 强相关 0.8≤|r| < 1.0 极强相关 
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表 2 深圳市2016-2020年地面塌陷规模及财产损失统计
Table 2. Statistics of the ground collapse scale and property loss in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020
塌陷深度/m 数量/起 占比/% 塌陷面积/m2 数量/起 占比/% 塌陷体积/m3 数量/起 占比/% 财产损失/万元 数量/起 占比/% >10 9 0.63 >100 29 2.03 >1 000 4 0.28 >100 30 2.11 (3, 10] 161 11.26 (30, 100) 59 4.13 (300, 1 000) 13 0.91 (30, 100] 89 6.22 [1,3] 623 43.57 [10,30] 175 12.25 [100, 300] 37 2.58 [10, 30] 227 15.87 < 1 636 44.54 < 10 1 166 81.59 < 100 1 375 96.23 < 10 1 083 75.80 合计 1 429 100.00 合计 1 429 100.00 合计 1 429 100.00 合计 1 429 100.00
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