水库滑坡涌浪风险研究现状和灾害链风险管控实践

殷坤龙; 张宇; 汪洋

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0064

水库滑坡涌浪风险研究现状和灾害链风险管控实践

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0064

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目（42077277）

详细信息

作者简介:
殷坤龙(1963-),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事地质灾害预测预报与风险研究。E-mail:yinkl@126.com

中图分类号: P642.22
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- 文章访问数: 1363
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-08

A review of landslide-generated waves risk and practice of management of hazard chain risk from reservoir landslide

摘要

摘要:
滑坡作为水库库区主要地质灾害类型之一,其风险研究一直是近年来的研究热点。水库滑坡涌浪的产生使滑坡灾害的影响范围由滑坡源本身扩散到上下游数千米,极大地扩大了滑坡风险的承灾体类型与数量以及灾害损失程度。因涉及交叉学科领域,滑坡涌浪风险评估是滑坡风险灾害链评价的难点与前沿课题。本文综合了前人近几十年来的研究成果,首先从危险性、易损性以及风险3个方面出发,对国内外的滑坡涌浪风险研究现状和常用的研究方法进行了概述,并对重点代表性研究成果进行了述评分析,针对滑坡涌浪风险研究方面的新进展进行了介绍,包括考虑实际河道地形复杂性的试验研究、聚焦于滑坡-水体相互作用机制的多种数值模拟方法耦合研究,以及基于多种承灾体类型的易损性评价体系等。然后对近年来三峡库区发生过的多起滑坡涌浪风险管控实例的过程与后果进行了详细的阐述。最后基于多年的研究经验提出了滑坡涌浪灾害链风险研究的新方向和新思路,即涌浪风险应与滑坡风险评价体系相互融合,并沿着定量化、规范化、精细化的方向发展。
- 滑坡涌浪 /
- 灾害链 /
- 危险性 /
- 易损性 /
- 风险管控
Abstract:
As one of the major types of geological hazards in reservoir areas, the risk analysis of landslides has been a top research topic recently. Landslide-generated waves extend the influence area from the landslide source itself to several kilometers upstream and downstream and greatly expand the type and number of elements and disaster damage. The risk evaluation of landslide generated waves is considered to be a difficult component in the evaluation of landslide risk hazard chains, as involving the intersection of different areas. Firstly, the previous research results in recent decades were synthesized from hazard, vulnerability and risk, the current situation of landslide generated waves risk research and common research methods worldwide were outlined, and the key representative research results were reviewed and analyzed. New progress was introduced, which includes experimental studies considering the complexity of actual river topography, coupled numerical simulation methods focusing on landslide-water interaction mechanisms, and a vulnerability assessment system based on multiple hazard-bearing body types. Secondly, the process and consequences of a number of landslide generated waves risk management cases that have occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in recent years were described in detail. Finally, according to the author's many years of research experience, new directions and ideas were proposed for the study of landslide-landslide generated waves hazard chain risks, and suggestions were given that surge risk and landslide risk evaluation systems should be merged with each other and developed along the direction of quantification, standardization and refinement.
- landslide-generated waves /
- hazard chain /
- hazard /
- vulnerability /
- risk management

HTML全文

图 1 新滩滑坡涌浪传播曲线

Figure 1. Maximum wave height versus propagated distance of the Xintan landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 新滩滑坡位移监测曲线

Figure 2. Cumulative displacement of the Xintan landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 千将坪滑坡剖面图

Figure 3. Geological cross section of the Qianjiangping landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 千将坪滑坡全貌

Figure 4. Panoramic view of the Qianjiangping landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 龚家方滑坡剖面图

T₁¹j.嘉陵江组第一段；T₁¹d、T₁³d.巴东组第一、三段

Figure 5. Geological section of the Gongjiafang landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 龚家方滑坡涌浪视频截图

Figure 6. Video screenshot of water wave generated by the Gongjiafang landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 三峡库区滑坡涌浪风险处置与险情应急管控实例

Table 1. Cases of risk treatment and emergency control of landslide impulse waves in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

滑坡	速度/(m·s^-1)	体积/(10⁶ m³)	承灾体	涌浪高度/m	防治对策	伤亡/人	损失
新滩	20	30	> 1 000人	54	监测预警、撤离	> 10	降到最低
千将坪	8	16	1 200多人	39	群测群防、撤离	13	直接经济损失400万元
龚家方	12	0.38	船只	13	无	0
望霞危岩体	未滑入水库	1	船只		监测预警、封锁航道		间接经济损失8 000万元
白水河	缓慢变形	12.6	船只		监测预警、准备封锁航道

下载: 导出CSV

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