滇东南洒西钨铍矿床成矿流体来源和演化: 来自流体包裹体和H-O同位素证据

盛夏; 张达; 阙朝阳; 毕珉峰; 狄永军; 祖世元; 马慧慧

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0103

滇东南洒西钨铍矿床成矿流体来源和演化: 来自流体包裹体和H-O同位素证据

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0103

盛夏^{1, 2,},
张达^1, ,,
阙朝阳^{1, 3},
毕珉峰¹,
狄永军¹,
祖世元⁴,
马慧慧¹

1.
中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
2.
安徽农业大学, 合肥 230036
3.
紫金矿业集团股份有限公司, 福建厦门 361008
4.
文山麻栗坡紫金钨业集团有限公司, 云南文山 663600

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2016YFC0600509

云南省麻栗坡县政府委托项目“云南省麻栗坡县老君山地区钨多金属矿成因及成矿预测研究”

详细信息

作者简介:
盛夏(1987—), 女, 工程师, 主要从事矿床学研究工作。E-mail: 522217847@qq.com

通讯作者:
张达(1967—), 男, 教授, 主要从事构造地质学及区域成矿规律研究工作。E-mail: zhangda@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.6
计量
- 文章访问数: 437
- PDF下载量: 47
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-27

Sources and evolution of ore-forming fluids from the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit in southeastern Yunnan Province: Evidence from fluid inclusions and H-O isotopes

Sheng Xia^{1, 2
,},
Zhang Da^{1
, ,},
Que Chaoyang^{1, 3},
Bi Minfeng¹,
Di Yongjun¹,
Zu Shiyuan⁴,
Ma Huihui¹

1.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2.
Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
3.
Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd., Xiamen Fujian 361008, China
4.
Wenshan Malipo Zijin Tungsten Industry Group Co., Ltd., Wenshan Yunnan 663600, China

摘要

摘要:
洒西钨铍矿床位于滇东南老君山钨锡多金属成矿区。确定早期似层状矿体和晚期脉状矿体的流体性质、来源和演化过程, 并对其流体地球化学和同位素进行约束, 可以有效探讨洒西钨铍矿床成矿机制, 为老君山矿集区下一步找矿工作提供理论思考。洒西钨铍矿床脉状矿体的形成经历了硅酸盐阶段、氧化物-硫化物阶段和碳酸盐-萤石阶段, 白钨矿和绿柱石主要形成于前两阶段。对洒西钨铍矿床脉状矿体不同阶段石英中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学特征、显微测温、激光拉曼光谱分析等研究, 并对早期似层状矿体和晚期脉状矿体矿石中石英的氢-氧同位素组成进行了测试。结果表明: 该矿床内脉状矿体的流体包裹体主要有富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体3种类型。流体包裹体的气相成分以H₂O主, 含少量还原性气体如C₂H₂等, 液相成分也以H₂O为主。从硅酸盐阶段到碳酸盐-萤石阶段, 包裹体的均一温度和盐度(NaCl_eq)峰值范围分别为240~360℃、2.35%~13.81%;220~310℃、4.03%~9.86%和190~270℃、2.41%~6.88%。从硅酸盐阶段到碳酸盐-萤石阶段, 成矿流体的温度呈现降低趋势, 盐度也呈降低趋势。成矿流体总体上属中-高温度、低盐度、贫CO₂、含部分还原性气体的NaCl-H₂O流体体系。早期似层状矿体石英样品δD_V-SMOW值变化范围小, 为-102.8‰~-99.0‰, δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为11.7‰~13.0‰, δ¹⁸O_H₂O值为3.16‰~6.46‰; 晚期脉状矿体氧化物-硫化物阶段石英样品δD_V-SMOW值变化范围较大, 为-99.6‰~-69.5‰, δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为11.2‰~14.1‰, δ¹⁸O_H₂O值为3.08‰~6.73‰。综合表明成矿流体主要是岩浆水, 混合有少量大气降水或有机水, 流体可能发生了沸腾作用, 加之温度的降低, 导致晚期脉状矿体氧化物-硫化物阶段主要成矿物质的沉淀。洒西钨铍矿床属于中高温热液矿床。
- 流体包裹体 /
- 氢-氧同位素 /
- 洒西矿床 /
- 滇东南
Abstract:
The Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit is located in the Laojunshan tungsten-tin polymetallic metallogenic area in southeastern Yunnan. Determining the fluid nature, source, and evolution process of early layered orebodies and late vein-like orebodies and constraining their fluid geochemistry and isotopes can effectively explore the metallogenic mechanism of the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit, which is a collection of Laojunshan deposits. This study provides theoretical thinking for future prospecting work in the district. The formation of vein-like ore bodies in this deposit experienced a silicate stage, an oxide-sulfide stage, and a carbonate-fluorite stage. Scheelite and beryl were mainly formed in the first two stages. This article studies the fluid inclusions in quartz at different stages of the orebodies of the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit, including petrographic characteristics, microscopic temperature measurements, and laser Raman spectroscopy. The quartz sample's hydrogen-oxygen isotope composition in the ore-like ore body was tested. Three primary types of fluid inclusions (FIs) in vein-like ore bodies are detected, i.e.: liquid-rich FIs, gas-rich FIs, and aughter minerals bearing FIs. The gas phase composition of FIs is mainly H₂O, with a small amount of reducing gas such as C₂H₂, and the liquid phase composition is also mainly H₂O. From the silicate stage to the carbonate-fluorite stage, the peak homogenization temperature and salinity (NaCl_eq) of FIs are 240-360℃, 2.35%-13.81%; 220-310℃, 4.03%-9.86%, and 190-270℃, 2.41%-6.88%. From early to late, both homogenization temperature and salinity of the ore-forming fluid decreased obviously. The ore-forming fluid is generally a medium temperature, low salinity, CO₂-poor NaCl-H₂O fluid system. The δD and δ¹⁸O values of the quartz samples from early quasi-layered ore body are -102.8‰ to -99.0‰ and 11.7‰-13.0‰ respectively, and the corresponding δ¹⁸O value of the H₂O value is 3.16‰-6.46‰. The δD and δ¹⁸O values of the quartz samplesfrom bulk oxide-sulfide section are -99.6‰ to -69.5‰ and 11.2‰-14.1‰ resoectively, and the corresponding δ¹⁸O value of H₂O value is 3.08‰-6.73‰. This indicates that the ore-forming fluid mainly sourced from magmatic water mixed with a small amount of atmospheric precipitation or organic water.The fluid may boil, forming the precipitation of the main ore-forming minerals in the late vein-like ore body oxide-sulfide stage. The Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit belong to a medium-to high-temperature hydrothermal system.
- fluid inclusion /
- oxygen-hydrogen stable isotopes /
- Saxi deposit /
- southeastern Yunnan

HTML全文

图 1 云南麻栗坡南温河-洒西一带地质矿产略图^[7]

Figure 1. Geological and mineral sketch in the Nanwenhe-Saxi area of Malipo County, Yunnan Province

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图 2 洒西白钨矿矿区地质图^[19]

Figure 2. Geological map of the Saxi tungsten deposit

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图 3 坝子16线勘探线剖面图^[7]

Figure 3. No.16 exploration profile map of the Bazi section

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图 4 洒西钨铍矿床2种类型矿体时空关系

Figure 4. Space-time relationship of two types of orebodies in the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit

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图 5 洒西钨铍矿床脉状白钨矿矿石照片

Figure 5. Photographs of quartz vein-type scheelite from the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit

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图 6 洒西钨铍矿床似层状白钨矿浸染状构造照片

Figure 6. Photograph of the disseminated structure of layered scheelite in the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit

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图 7 洒西钨铍矿床脉状白钨矿的3个阶段矿物组合特征

a.硅酸盐阶段b.氧化物-硫化物阶段c.碳酸盐-萤石阶段阶段; Q.石英；Pl.斜长石；Sch.白钨矿；Cal.方解石；Fl.萤石

Figure 7. Three-stage mineral assemblage characteristics of vein-like scheelite in the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit

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图 8 洒西钨铍矿床脉状白钨矿成矿期次图

Figure 8. Diagram of the mineralization stages of the vein-shaped scheelite in the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit

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图 9 洒西钨铍矿床中不同类型流体包裹体显微照片

a.硅酸盐阶段Ⅰ类富液相两相水溶液石英包裹体；b.碳酸盐-萤石阶段Ⅱ类富气相两相水溶液石英包裹体；c.氧化物-硫化物阶段Ⅲa类三相水溶液石英包裹体；d.氧化物-硫化物阶段石英包裹体含子矿物包裹体与气、液相包裹体共存

Figure 9. Microphotographs showing the characteristics of different types of fluid inclusions in the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit

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图 10 洒西钨铍矿床流体包裹体均一温度直方图

Figure 10. Histogram showing the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit

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图 11 洒西钨铍矿床流体包裹体均一盐度直方图

Figure 11. Histogram showing the homogenization salinity of fluid inclusions in the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit

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图 12 洒西钨铍矿床内流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱图

a.Ⅰ类硅酸盐阶段石英包裹体气相成分；b.Ⅰ类硅酸盐阶段石英包裹体液相成分；c.Ⅰ类氧化物-硫化物阶段石英包裹体液相成分；d.Ⅰ类氧化物-硫化物阶段石英包裹体气相成分；e.Ⅱ类碳酸盐-萤石阶段石英包裹体气相成分；f.Ⅲ类氧化物-硫化物阶段石英包裹体气相成分

Figure 12. Laser Raman spectra of fluid inclusions in the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit

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图 13 洒西钨铍矿床流体δD-δ ¹⁸O_fluid图解

Figure 13. δ¹⁸O_fluid diagram of the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit

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图 14 洒西钨铍矿床流体包裹体均一温度-盐度关系图

Figure 14. Diagram of homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in the Saxi tungsten deposit

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表 1 洒西钨铍矿床流体包裹体测温结果

Table 1. Microthermometic measurements and calculated parameters of fluid inclusions in the Saxi tungsten-beryllium deposit

成矿阶段	寄主矿物	个数	包裹体类型	大小/ μm	气液比/ %	均一温度/℃		冰点温度/℃	盐度/%
成矿阶段	寄主矿物	个数	包裹体类型	大小/ μm	气液比/ %	峰值	平均值	冰点温度/℃	盐度/%
硅酸盐阶段	石英	22	L-V	5~16	10~45	295~305	285	-7.1~-2.6	4.34~10.61
硅酸盐阶段	石英	8	L-V	3~10	15~60	285~294	284	-7.6~-2.1	3.55~11.22
硅酸盐阶段	石英	22	L-V，V	3~25	10~90	303~310	319	-9.3~-1.4	2.41~13.18
硅酸盐阶段	石英	3	L-V	4~7	15~20	381~389	376	-1.8~-1.4	2.41~3.06
硅酸盐阶段	石英	3	L-V	4~9	15~20	305~310	314	-2.5~-2.2	3.71~4.18
氧化物-硫化物阶段	石英	25	L-V	4~11	10~40	265~270	264	-6.4~-2.4	4.03~9.73
氧化物-硫化物阶段	石英	24	L-V	5~23	10~30	251~260	263	-6.5~-2.6	4.34~9.86
氧化物-硫化物阶段	石英	9	L-V	4~10	10~25	257~265	266	-4.3~-3.1	5.11~6.88
氧化物-硫化物阶段	石英	6	L-V	4~8	10~20	231~239	238	-5.6~-4.6	7.31~8.68
碳酸盐-萤石阶段	萤石	6	S-L-V，L-V	6~27	15~40	221~230	209	-4.0~-2.6	5.71~6.88
碳酸盐-萤石阶段	萤石	5	S-L-V，L-V	4~12	5~25	257~265	260	-4.3~-3.5	5.71~6.88
碳酸盐-萤石阶段	萤石	9	L-V	5~18	5~25	231~240	234	-3.1~-1.4	2.41~5.11
注：L-V.气液两相包裹体；S-L-V.含子矿物气液多相包裹体；V.气相包裹体

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表 2 洒西钨铍矿床氢-氧同位素组成

Table 2. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic data of the Saxi tungsten deposit

序号	样号	样品名称	矿物	δD_V-SMOW/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW/‰	T/℉	t_h/℃	δ¹⁸O_H₂O/‰
1	SD-011	脉状矿石	石英	-69.5	14.1	560.15	287	6.73
2	SD-019	脉状矿石	石英	-91.2	13.8	564.15	291	6.58
3	SD-021(1)	似层状矿石	石英	-99.0	11.7	532.15	259	3.16
4	SD-038	脉状矿石	石英	-99.6	11.2	581.15	308	4.59
5	SD-042(1)	脉状矿石	石英	-84.4	11.8	528.15	255	3.08
6	SZ-2405-4	似层状矿石	石英	-102.8	13.0	583.15	310	6.46

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