Logging identification of high-quality shale of the marine-continent transitional facies: An example of the Shan 2 Member of the Daning-Jixian area in the Ordos Basin
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摘要:
鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘海陆过渡相地层矿物组成复杂，页岩与砂岩、煤等岩性频繁交互，岩性纵向变化快。由于常规测井曲线分辨率较低，且扩径现象普遍，导致海相页岩气评价中常用的岩性识别与优质页岩识别方法效果较差。首先利用反褶积技术提高自然伽马、无铀伽马和铀测井曲线分辨率，然后通过测井交会图组合图版分别识别海陆过渡相地层岩性和页岩岩相，进一步通过新提出的铀-自然电位曲线重叠法识别海陆过渡相优质页岩。结果表明：反褶积技术能有效提高自然伽马、无铀伽马和铀曲线分辨率，利用自然伽马-密度测井交会图识别海陆过渡相地层岩性效果较好；铀-无铀伽马交会图能进一步识别3种岩相页岩（钙质硅质页岩、硅质黏土质页岩和黏土质页岩）；在海陆过渡相地层中，新提出的铀-自然电位重叠法比传统Δlog
R 法识别优质页岩效果更好。本研究可为海陆过渡相页岩气储层测井评价提供理论支持，提高优质页岩识别准确率。Abstract:On the southeastern margin of the Ordos Basin, the mineral composition of marine-continent transitional facies deposits is complex. The shale, sandstone, coal, and related lithofacies frequently interact, and the lithology changes rapidly in the vertical direction. Due to the low resolution of conventional logging method and borehole enlargement which is a common while drilling, the commonly used methods for identification of lithology including high-quality shale which is prevailing in marine shale gas evaluation are less effective for the study area. First, deconvolution technology was used to improve the resolution of natural gamma rays, gamma rays without uranium and uranium logging curves. Then, a log cross-plot was used to identify the lithology including shale of marine-continent transitional facies, and the uranium-spontaneous potential curve overlap method was proposed to identify high-quality shale from marine-continent transitional facies. The results show that the deconvolution method can effectively improve the vertical resolution of natural gamma rays, gamma rays without uranium and uranium logging curves. The cross-plot of natural gamma-density logging data has a better effect on identifying the lithology of the marine-continent transitional facies, and the cross-plot of uranium logging data and gamma ray data without uranium can further identify three types of shale lithofacies (calcareous siliceous shale, siliceous clay shale and clay shale). In the marine-continent transitional facies, the newly proposed uranium-spontanous potential overlap method is better than the traditional Δlog
R method inidentifying high-quality shale. This research can provide theoretical support for reservoir evaluation of marine-continent transitional shale gas and improve the accuracy of high-quality shale identification. -
图 1 大宁-吉县地区地理位置、地层划分及山23亚段海陆过渡相页岩厚度分布
Figure 1. Geographical location, stratigraphic division of the Daning-Jixian area and thickness distribution of shale in the transitional facies of the Shan23 submember
图 2 大宁-吉县地区山2段海陆过渡相不同岩相页岩的岩心、薄片和扫描电镜照片
a, d, g.钙质硅质页岩; b, e, h.硅质黏土质页岩; c, f, i.黏土质页岩；a.2 296.37 m，灰黑色钙质硅质页岩，岩心照片；b.2 123.20 m，灰黑色硅质黏土质页岩，砂质条带发育，岩心照片；c.2 023.60 m，灰黑色黏土质页岩，岩心照片；d.2 301.02 m，钙质硅质页岩，有机质发育，电镜照片；e.2 260.07 m，硅质黏土质页岩，砂质纹层，薄片照片；f.2 274.00 m，黏土质页岩，薄片照片；g.2 301.02 m，钙质硅质页岩中有机质孔大量发育，电镜照片；h.2 283.45 m，硅质黏土质页岩的有机质孔，电镜照片；i.2 278.32 m，黏土质页岩中黏土矿物层间裂隙，电镜照片
Figure 2. Core, thin section and scanning electron microscope photographs of different lithofacies shale in the marine-continent transitional facies of the Shan 2 Member in the Daning-Jixian area
图 3 大宁-吉县地区山2段页岩岩相划分、黏土矿物类型及比例
a.海陆过渡相页岩岩相划分三角图；b.3种不同岩相页岩黏土矿物成分及含量图
Figure 3. Lithofacies, and types and proportions of clay minerals of the shale in the Shan 2 Member of the Daning-Jixian area
图 4 薄层的测井响应褶积原理示意
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the convolution principle of the logging response of the thin layer
图 5 反褶积法提高海陆过渡相地层GR曲线分辨率效果
Figure 5. Effect of the deconvolution method on improving the resolution of GR curves in the marine-continent transitional facies
图 6 山2段3种岩相页岩测井响应特征及镜下照片
Figure 6. Log response characteristics and micro photographs of three types of lithofacies shale in the Shan 2 Member
图 7 山2段海陆过渡相地层岩性与页岩岩相识别图版
a.页岩识别图版；b.三种不同岩相页岩细分图版
Figure 7. Lithology and shale facies identification chart of the marine-continent transitional facies in the Shan 2 Member
图 8 ΔlogR法和U-SP重叠法识别海陆过渡相优质页岩原理
a.ΔlogR法识别优质页岩，效果较差；b.U-SP曲线重叠法识别优质页岩，效果好
Figure 8. Principles of the ΔlogR method and the U-SP overlap method to identify high-quality shale of the marine-continent transitional facies
图 9 大吉51井山2段海陆过渡相优质页岩识别结果
Figure 9. Recognition results of high-quality shale from the marine-continent transitional facies of the Shan 2 Member, Well Daji51
图 10 大宁-吉县地区山2段海陆过渡相优质页岩横向展布
Figure 10. Horizontal distribution of high-quality shale of the marine-continent transitional facies in the Shan 2 Member of the Daning-Jixian area
表 1 不同沉积相优质页岩气储层关键参数对比
Table 1. Comparison of key parameters of high-quality shale gas reservoirs from different sedimentary facies
沉积环境 学者 研究对象 优质页岩气储层关键参数 脆性矿物体积分数/% 孔隙度/% w(TOC)/% 渗透率/10-3 μm2 含气量/(m3·t-1) 海相 聂海宽等[33](2009) Barnett Shale, Fort Worth Basin / 5~6 2 ＜0.01 5.5 贾成业等[34](2017) 四川盆地，昭通区块，龙马溪组页岩 69 / 3.2 / 4.8 Wu Hengzhi[35](2019) 四川盆地，威远区块，五峰-龙马溪组页岩 60 6 5 / 5 陆相 孙玉凯等[36](2010) 吐哈盆地，水西沟群和小沟群页岩 50 / 1 / 1 姜呈馥等[37](2013) 鄂尔多斯盆地，延长组，长7段页岩 57 3.8 3.9 0.068 1.25~6.45 王香增等[38](2014) 鄂尔多斯盆地，甘泉地区，延长组 50 2 2 ＜0.01 2~8 海陆过渡相 闫德宇等[39](2013) 鄂尔多斯盆地，山西组和太原组页岩 50 4 2.1 0.037 / 匡立春等[2](2020) 鄂尔多斯盆地，山西组页岩 50 2 2 / 2 
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