Analysis on difference of erosion capacity and river capture prediction in the head of the Xiangjiang tributary constrainted by surface and deep geological information
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摘要:
基于地表基础地质调研、GIS流域分析与深部地球物理相结合的综合方法, 选取长江支流湘江沟头的两条具有共同溯源侵蚀点(矮塘村)的水系作为研究对象, 对比两条水系程江和注江相同河长流经区的地形地貌、水位高程、地层、构造背景以及深部电阻率数据, 综合分析两者的侵蚀能力的差异性。其中, 注江流域的基岩易于被侵蚀, 节理较为发育, 使得其下蚀作用和溯源侵蚀能力较强。预测两条水系的演化趋势会在矮塘村周边发生河流袭夺现象, 从而影响到程江下游的鲤鱼塘镇的城市居民生活用水和工农业生产。此外, 注江的持续下蚀作用会加强对基岩白垩系红层的侵蚀作用, 推测其流域未来可呈现更为壮观的丹霞地貌。
Abstract:Based on the comprehensive method of basic surface geological investigation, GIS watershed analysis and deep geophysical analysis, the difference in retrogressive erosion along the Xiangjiang tributary is compared. Two drainage areas in the head of the Xiangjiang tributary, the Chengjiang and Zhujiang Rivers, are selected as subjects with the same source of erosion at Aitang Village. Under comparison with topography, water level elevation, lithology of bedrock strata, tectonic setting and deep geophysical data, the Zhujiang River has greater erosion ability and stronger headward erosion, with easily eroded bedrock and well-developed joints. It is predicted that river capture could occur around Aitang village. The evolution trend may lead to a decrease in water volume of Liyu town in the lower reaches of the Chengjiang River, which will affect urban domestic water and industrial and agricultural production. In addition, the continuous strengthening of retrogressive erosion can cause downcutting erosion of the Cretaceous red layer and the watershed will present a more spectacular Danxia landscape.
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Key words:
- Xiangjiang tributary /
- retrogressive erosion /
- river capture /
- Danxia landscape /
- geological constraints
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图 1 研究区地理位置及其流域图(a)和水系沟头地势及采样分布图(b)
Figure 1. Geographical location and watershed map of the study area (a) and topography and sampling distribution map of the gully head of the water system (b)
图 2 研究区主要地质边界和DEM地形图
Figure 2. Main geological boundary and DEM topographic map of the study area
图 3 研究区地表地质格架和深部岩石电阻率图
Figure 3. Surface geological background and deep rock resistivity map of the study area
图 6 注江和程江水位高程对比图
Figure 6. Comparison of water level elevation of the Zhujiang and Chengjiang Rivers
图 7 研究区河流溯源侵蚀和袭夺导致的水系变迁演化示意图
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of water system changes and evolution caused by river retrogressive erosion and encroachment in the study area
表 1 注江和程江源头流经的地层岩性对比
Table 1. Lithologic characteristic contrasts of bed rock flowing through the source of the Zhujiang and Chengjiang Rivers
系 组 代号 岩性描述 白垩系
(注江)神皇山组 K1sh 红褐色钙质长石石英砂岩与紫红色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩或灰绿色粉砂质泥岩组成韵律层 罗镜滩组 K2l 紫红、紫灰色厚-巨厚层状砾岩、砂砾岩紫红、紫灰色厚-巨厚层状砾岩、砂砾岩夹砂岩组成 红花套组 K2h 灰白、棕红色长石石英砂岩、杂砂岩为主夹紫红色泥质粉砂岩 石炭系
(程江)石磴子组 C1s 灰色中厚层-中薄层状泥质灰岩与白云质灰岩互层 测水组 C1c 灰白、灰褐色中薄层中薄层-极薄层状细粒长石石英砂岩、泥岩、炭质页岩 
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